测量返工对工程造价的性能的影响毕业论文外文资料翻译.doc

测量返工对工程造价的性能的影响毕业论文外文资料翻译.doc

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MeasuringtheImpactofReworkonConstructionCostPerformance

测量返工对工程造价的性能的影响

系别：

建筑工程管理系

专业：

工程造价

班级：

0524091

姓名：

学号：

MeasuringtheImpactofReworkonConstructionCostPerformance

Bon-GangHwang1,

StephenR.Thomas,M.ASCE2,

CarlT.Haas,M.ASCE3,

andCarlosH.Caldas,M.ASCE4

1AssistantProfessor,Dept.ofBuilding,NationalUniv.ofSingapore,Singapore117566.E-mail:

bdghbg@nus.edu.sg

2AssociateDirector,ConstructionIndustryInstitute,Austin,TX78759-5316.E-mail:

sthomas@mail.utexas.edu

3Professor,Dept.ofCivilEngineering,Univ.ofWaterloo,WaterlooON,CanadaN2L3G1.E-mail:

chaas@civmail.uwaterloo.ca

4AssistantProfessor,Dept.ofCivil,Architectural,andEnvironmentalEngineering,Univ.ofTexasatAustin,Austin,TX78712-0276.E-mail:

caldas@mail.utexas.edu

（Accepted23September2008）

Introduction

Constructionprojectsoftenexperiencecostandscheduleoverrunsandreworkisasignificantfactorthatdirectlycontributestotheseoverruns.ResearchbytheConstructionIndustryInstitute（CII）revealsthatdirectcostscausedbyreworkaverage5%oftotalconstructioncosts（CII200511）.ConsideringthattheU.S.constructionindustryexpended$1,502billionin2004fortotalinstalledcosts（BureauofEconomicAnalysis20065）,almost$75billionwaswastedondirectcostscausedbyreworkinthatyearalone.Therefore,reworkmustbeconsideredasignificantfactoraffectingcostperformanceintheconstructionindustry.

Severalresearchefforts（O’ConnerandTucker198623;CII19897;Davisetal.198912;Buratietal.19924;Loveetal.1999a20,b21;Love2002b16;Fayeketal.200313;LoveandEdwards200417）haveattemptedtoidentifyandclassifytherootcausesofrework,andtoquantifyitsoverallextent.Employingthemetric,totalfieldreworkfactor,andtheclassificationofreworksourcesdevelopedbyCII,thispaperassessesthedirectimpactsofreworkonconstructioncostperformanceusingdatafrom359actualprojects.Morespecifically,theobjectivesoftheresearchdescribedinthispaperwere:

（1）toidentifytheimpactsofreworkonconstructioncostperformanceforvariouscharacteristicsofprojects;

（2）todeterminetheimpactsofdifferentsourcesofreworkonconstructioncostperformance;and（3）toisolatetherootcausesofreworkandrecommendpossiblesolutionsforthosecauses.

Bycomparingtheimpactsofreworkaccordingtoprojectcharacteristicsandbymeasuringsourcesofrework,thoseprojectsmostaffectedbyreworkareidentified.Additionally,thosesourcesofreworkhavingthebiggestimpactonconstructioncostperformancearediscussed.Aftertheanalysisofthecostimpactofreworkissummarized,therootcausesofreworkwillbeassessedandpossiblesolutionscanbesuggested.

Therecognitionofthevariousimpactsofreworkisimportantforprojectmanagers.Forthoseprojectsonwhichcosttendstobemoreaffectedbyrework,projectmanagersshouldfocusonminimizingreworkbydevelopingsystemsforaddressingthesourcesofrework.Preprojectandqualitymanagementplansshouldbedraftedwithanunderstandingofthecausesofreworkinordertominimizeitsimpact.Thispaperprovidesanunderstandingoftheimpactofreworkonconstructioncostperformance,thushelpingtoreducereworkandimproveprojectcostperformance.

Backgroundtop

AccordingtoLove（2002b）16reworkhasvariousdefinitionsandinterpretationswithintheconstructionmanagementliterature:

termsforitinclude“qualitydeviations”（Buratietal.19924）,“nonconformance”（Abdul-Rahman19951）,“defects”（JosephsonandHammarlund199914）,and“qualityfailures”（Barberetal.20003）.Loveetal.（2000）22characterizereworkastheunnecessaryeffortofredoingaprocessoractivitythatwasincorrectlyimplementedthefirsttime.Similarly,fieldreworkisdefinedasactivitiesthathavetobedonemorethanonceoractivitiesthatremoveworkpreviouslyinstalledaspartofaproject（CII20018）.BaseduponCII’sdefinition,Fayeketal.（2003）13proposedadefinitionofreworkthataddstheconstraintthatreworkcausedbyscopechangesandchangeordersfromownersshouldnotbeclassifiedasrework.Inthesenseofconformance,therearetwomaindefinitionsofrework（Love2002b16;Fayeketal.200313）.Thefirstdefinitionisthatreworkistheprocessbywhichanitemismadetoconformtotheoriginalrequirementsbycompletionorcorrection（Ashford19922）.TheseconddefinitiongivenbytheConstructionIndustryDevelopmentAgency（1995）6holdsthatreworkinvolvesdoingsomethingatleastoneextratimeduetononconformancetorequirements.Althoughthewordingofthedefinitionsandinterpretationsofreworkvary,thereisacommontheme—reworkmeanshavingtoredoworkduetononconformancewithrequirements.

Severalstudies