高考英语 最后30天语法精讲 基本句型.docx
《高考英语 最后30天语法精讲 基本句型.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语 最后30天语法精讲 基本句型.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高考英语最后30天语法精讲基本句型
2020;2020高考英语最后30天语法精讲基本句型
英语的五种基本句型结构：
★主语+不及物动词（SV）
★主语+连系动词（SVC）
★主语+及物动词+宾语（SVO）
★主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（SVOD）
★主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）
S+V
Heworks.Heisstudying.
①主语 ＋ 谓语（vi.）＋状语（从句）
Thesunsetsinthewest.Hewentnowhere
②主语 ＋ 谓语（vi.）＋名词短语
Wehadcomealongway.Hewaited（for）twoyears.
2.S+V+C
Heisastudent/inyellow/there…
①主语+be+表语 表语由下列词充当：
名词、形容词、副词、
介词（短语）、动词不定式、分词（短语）、动名词、从句等
②主语+其它连系动词+表语 这些连系动词包括：
appear,
continue,feel,go（变成）,keep,lie（处于…状态）,look,prove,remain,
seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,become,come,fall,get,grow,turn
Boblaysick.
Hisdreamcomestrue.
3.S+V+O
Anideastruckme.
①主语 ＋ 谓语（v.+prep） ＋ 宾语
Itdependsontheweather.备用词：
actas,agreeon/with/to,
arrivein（at）,comeacross,baseon,breakinto,sufferfrom,leadto,
preferto,thinkof,fireat,reachfor,quarrelabout,worryabout
②主语 ＋ 谓语（v.+adv.） ＋ 宾语
Ithoughtovertheplan.Ithoughtitover.
备用词：
bringout（up）,thinkout,turnoff（on,out,down）,givein
NOTICE:
●v+adv.+prep.getalongwith,addupto,doawaywith,
breakawaywi
th,keepupwith,goaheadwith,gothroughwith
●v.+n.+prepmakeuseof,makefunof,catchsightof,
t
akecareof,taketheplaceof,takealookat,takepridein
③主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 介词 ＋ 宾语
Theteacherpunishedhimforbeinglate.
Congratulatehimonhissuccess.Comparethiswiththat.
4.S+V+O+D（间接宾语由代词和名词充当）
①主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
Willyoulendmeyourpen,please?
Sheboughthimmanytoys.
②主语+谓语+直接宾语+介词+代词或名词
W
ill
youlendyourpentome,please?
Sheboughtmanytoysforhim.
备用词：
pay,give,hand,sell,pass,offer,explain,sing,leave
5.S+V+O+C宾语和宾补之间的关系有两种：
●主表关系；
●主谓关系。
宾语可由形容词、副词、介词、动词不定式充当
主表：
①Ifindthebookinteresting.（主谓宾＋形容词）
②Isawhimthere. （主谓宾＋副词）
③Ifoundthebookonthedesk. （主谓宾＋介词）
④Weelectedhimmonitor.（主谓宾＋名词）
主谓：
①Theysawthethiefrunningaway.（主谓宾+现在分词）
②Wheredidyouseehimknockeddown?
（主谓宾＋过分词）
③Whatmakesyouthinkso?
（主谓宾＋动词不定式）
It句型
1.It+be+adj.+（forsb）todosth→sth+be+adj.+todo
ItisnoteasytolearnEnglish.（Englishisnoteasytolearn.）
备用词：
difficult,necessary,important,quick,hard,etc.
2.It+be+adj.+ofsbtodosth→sb.+be+adj.+todosth
ItwasfoolishofTomtosellsuchasuitasthattoamillionaire.
（Tomwasfoolishtosellsuchasuitasthattoamillionaire.）
备用词：
wise,clever,bright,kind,nice,silly,stupid,cruel,etc.
3.Ittakessb+sometime+todosth→sbspendstimeindoingsth
Ittookhimtwodaystofindtheelephant.
（Hespenttwodaysinfindingtheelephant.）
4.Itisnousedoingsth.
Itisnouseregrettingyourpastmistakes.
备用词：
nogood,useless,etc.
5.Itcostssb.+money+todosth
Itcostthem36,000francstobuythenecklace.
→Thenecklacecostthem36,000francs.
Theyspent36,000franconthenecklace.
Theyspent36,000francs（in）buyingthenecklace.
Theypaid36,000francsforthenecklace.
Theyboughtthenecklacefor36,000francs.
6.It+be+adj.（n.）+that-clause
Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.
Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.
备用词：
natural,surprising,true,wonderful,etc.
7.It+be+adj.+that-clause（shoulddosth）
Itisnecessarythathe（should）bepresentatthemeeting.
备用词：
strange,important,impossble
8.It+be+p.p.+that-clause
itissaidthathehasbeenillforyears.（Heissaidtohavebeen…）
备用词：
reported,known,believed,decided,announced,etc.
9.It+be+p.p.+that-clause（shoulddosth.）
Itisdemandedthatthehomework（should）befinishedatonce.
备用词：
ordered,suggested,required,requested,etc.
10.Itseems+that-clause→sb.+seems+todosth.
Itseemsthattheyaretalking.（Theyseemtobetalking.）
备用词：
happen
11.Itis+sometimesince-clause→sb.has+p.p.+fortime
Itisthreeyearssincehecamehere.（Hehasbeenhereforyears.）
12.Itis+被强调部分+that（who）
Itisthroughstrugglethatwelearnthistruth.
13.It+betime+forsth/todosth./that-clause
Itistimeforsupper.Itistimetohavesupper.
Itistimethatweshouldhavesupper.
Itistimethatwehadsupper.
14.It+be+long（时间段）+before-clause
Itwillnotbelongbeforeweturnourhopeintoreality.
15.Itis（just）likesb.todosth.
该句型为“某人（恰恰）是。
。
。
这个样子”。
用来表示赞扬或不满，若用否定式，则表示怀疑。
It’slikehimtoleavetheworktoothers.
他就是这样的一个人，把工作推给别人。
Itisn’tlikehimtohavesaidanythinglikethat.他可不是说出那种话的人。
16.Itisup
tosb.todosth.
该句型为“该由某人做。
。
。
”。
该句型中up后的to是介词。
ThereBe结构
1、主谓一致：
Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.
2、反意问句：
Thereusedtobeawellthere,use（d）n’t/didn’tthere?
3、各种时态：
Therewillbeafilmthisafternoon.
Thereisgoingtobealecturetomorrow.
Therehavebeengreatchangeinourcitysince1988.
4、therebe中的非谓语形式：
Therearealotofstudentswaitingoutside.
Therewereelevenpeoplekilledinthisaccident.
There’ssomeoneatthedoor
toseeyou.
（Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.）
5、含情态动词：
Theremust（may,might）beraintomorrow.
Thereoughttobenotrouble
6、与其它动词连用：
Thereseemstobeareasonforchangingtheirplan.
Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanexpected.
Therehappenstobenobodyintheroom.
Idon’twanttheretobeanytrouble.
7、there+v.
Theregoesthebell.
Onthehill（there）standsahouse.
8、Thereisnodenyingthefact+that从句（不可否认的......）
例句：
不可否认的，我们的生活质量已经每况愈下。
Thereisnodenyingthefactthatthequalitiesofourlivinghavegonefrombadtoworse.
主谓一致原则
1、or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso连接并列主语时，
谓语与邻近主语一致
NotonlyshebutalsoIamgoingthere.
2、aswellas,（together）with,,alongwith连接并列主语时，谓语与前面主语一致
Dr.Smith（together）withhistwosonsisgoingParis.
3、therebe中主语并列时，可随紧挨be的词一致或用复数
Thereis（are）aboyandtwogirlsintheroom.
NOTICE:
Thereisapairoftrousershere.
4、both,many,several,few作主语时，谓语用复数
Fewareherethismorning.
5、时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数作主语，当整体看，谓语用单数
Twofeetisn’tlongenough.
6、and连接并列主语的情况
①Myfatherandmotherareawayonbusiness.
②Theworkerandwri
terisfromParis.
③TheworkerandthewriterarefromParis.
④BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheW
est.
⑤Every（Each,No）deskandevery（each,no）chairismadeofwood.
⑥oneandahalf后面应接复数名词，但其谓语动词应用单数。
7、the+adj.（-ing,-ed）表示一类人，谓语用复数；表示一类事物，
谓语用单数
Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorerinmanycountries.
8、Neither（of）,Either（of）,Each（of）作主语，谓语用单数
Neitherofthemisadriver.
9、any-,every-,some-no-作主语，谓语用单数
Iseverybodyhere?
10、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句作主语，谓语用单数
Toseeistobelieve.
WhatIhavedoneiswhatIshoulddo.
11.allof,someof,anyof,mostof,noneof,plentyof,percentof,
halfof等作主语，根据of后的词决定
thehousesareonshow.
Mostof
theworkhasbeendone.
thestudentsaregirls.
Ninetypercentof
themoneyishers.
12.kindof+n.,由kind决定
Thiskindofapplesisverygood.
→Applesofthiskindareverygood.
13.Such（倒装）
Suchiswhathesaid.→Sucharehiswords.
14.east,west,south,north的倒装
Eastofthecityis（lies）alake.（are/lietwolakes）
15.强调句中It’sIwhoamgoingtoJapan.
16.定语从句中I,whoamastudent,willbeadoctor.
17.agreatdealof（alargeamountof,alargequantityof,alotof）
+不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
18.anumberof,（alargequantityof,alotof）+可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数。
但thenumberof+主语，其谓语动词用单数。
19.代词none,neither作主语时，主要根据说话人的意思来决定。
20.一些只有复数形式的词作主语时（clothes,trousers,shoes,...），谓语动词应用复数形式；但前面有apairof修饰时，则用单数。
21.关系词who,that,which引起的定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词在数和人称取得一致。
但oneof+复数名词+tha
t从句。
从句的谓语动词应用复数，而the（only）oneof+复数名词+that从句，从句的谓语动词应用单数。
22.以what引起的主语从句therest,theremainder等引起的主语，谓语动词按意思一致的原则处理。
EXERCISES:
1.Three______diedintheterriblefireinLuoyanglastwinter.
A.hundredspeopleB.hundredpeople
C.hundredspeoplesD.hundredpeoples
2.Eitheryouorthepresident_______theprizestothesegiftedwinnersatthemeeting.
A.ishandingoutB.aretohandout
C.arehandingoutD.istohandout
3.I,who______yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.
A.amB.isC.areD.be
4.TheOlympicGamesintheyear2020;2020______inBeijingofChina,which______knowntousall.
A.istohold;isB.istobeheld;was
C.aretohold;isD.aretobeheld;is
5.There_____alotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweep_____up.
A.were;itB.are;themC.was;itD.is;them
6.Threemilliontonsofcoal______everyyearinthecity.
A.i
sexploitedB.areexploitedC.hadexploitedD.haveexploited
7.StoriesoftheLongMarch_______popularwiththe
youngpeoplenow.
A.isB.wasC.areD.were
8.Mathematics_______thelanguageofscience.
A.areB.aregoingtobeC.isD.istobe
9.Bothriceandwheat_____growninourcountry.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
10.________eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?
A.HaveB.HadC.Has
D.Is
11.Whatthechildreninthemountainvillageneed________goodbooks.
A.isB.areC.haveD.has
12.Thewholefamily_______TVattentively.
A.arewatchingB.iswatchingC.isseeingD.areseeing
13.Nothingbutseveralglasses________boughtbymyfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.
A.wasB.wereC.havebeenD.wouldbe
14.Atthebusstop______asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytothevillage.
A.wereB.wasC.isD.sits
15.Iflawandorder______,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyissafe.
A.arenotpreservedB.isnotpreserved
C.werepreservedD.havenotbeenpreserved
16.Th
ere______littlechangeinthatmiddle
school.
A.haveB.hadC.havebeenD.hasbeen
17.
升级会员 