第10讲主旨大意标题归纳题.docx
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第10讲主旨大意标题归纳题
第十节主旨大意--标题归纳题
【题型解读】
记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。
设问形式常有:
(1)Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?
(2)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage/text?
(3)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?
(4)Themostsuitabletitleofthispassageis.
一个好的标题应具备三大特点:
概括——准确而又简短;针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符;醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
解题技巧
1.“高度概括”定标题
(1)所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容。
标题是文章的点睛之笔,是文章的灵魂和门面。
为吸引读者的注意,标题往往比较醒目。
(2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断,但在某些文章中,如记叙文,没有明确的主题句,需要根据文中的事实细节,查找文章的“主线”,归纳出文章的主题。
2.文章标题三特点
(1)形式一般为单词、短语或句子,短语居多;
(2)短小精悍,精确性强;
(3)涵盖性强,能覆盖全文大意。
例如:
【真题感悟】中第27题,要求概括标题,本文讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题,纸袋容易回收,但生产和运输需要更多的能源,希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。
文章对这三个方面进行了对比,Plastic,PaperorNeither既能概括全文,又能吸引读者,适合作为标题。
【课堂练习】
A
Inthefallof1988,IvisitedmanyBuddhisttemples,butafterawhiletheyallbeganto9fadefrommymemories.However,therewasonetemplethatleftagreatimpressioninmyheart.
ItiscalledtheTempleoftheGoldenBuddha.Afterwalkingarounditandtakingsomephotos,Iwalkedovertoaglasscase,nexttowhichwasatypewrittenpagedescribingthehistoryofthismagnificentpieceofart.
Backin1957agroupofmonksfromamonastery(修道院)hadto5relocatea1clayBuddhafromtheirtempletoanewlocation.Themonasterywastoberelocatedtomakeroomforthedevelopmentofahighway.Whenthecrane(吊车)begantoliftit,theweightofitwassolargethatitbeganto2crack.What’smore,rainbegantofall.Theheadmonkdecidedtolowerthestatuebacktothegroundandcoveritwithalargeoilclothtoprotectitfromtherain.
LaterthateveningtheheadmonkwenttocheckontheBuddha.Heshinedhisflash-lightundertheoilclothtoseeiftheBuddhawasstayingdry.Asthelightreachedthecrack,henoticedalittlebeamshiningbackandthoughtitstrange.Ashetookacloserlookatthisbeamoflight,hewonderediftheremightbesomethingunderneaththeclay.Hewenttofetchachiselandhammerfromthemonasteryandbegantochipawayattheclay.Asheknockedoffpiecesofclay,thelittlebeamgrewbrighterandbigger.Manyhoursoflaborwentbybeforethemonkstoodfacetofacewiththeextraordinarysolid-goldBuddha.
Historiansbelievethatseveralhundredyearsbeforetheheadmonk’sdiscovery,thearmywasabouttoinvadethecountry.Themonks,realizingthattheircountrywouldsoonbeattacked,coveredtheirpreciousgoldenBuddhawithanoutercoveringofclayinordertokeeptheirtreasurefrombeingrobbedbytheenemy.
Unfortunately,itappearsthattheenemykilledallthemonks,andthewell-keptsecretofthegoldenBuddharemaineduncovereduntilthedayin1957.
AsIflewhomeIbegantothinktomyself,“WeareallliketheclayBuddhacoveredwithashellofhardnesscreatedoutoffear,andyetunderneatheachofusisa‘goldenBuddha’,a‘goldenChrist’,ora‘goldenspirit’,whichisourrealself.Somewherealongtheway,betweentheagesoftwoandnine,webegintocoverupour‘goldenspirit’,ournaturalself.Muchlikethemonkwiththehammerandthechisel,ourtasknowistodiscoverourtruespiritonceagain.”
语篇解读 本文作者通过讲述金佛寺中金佛不同寻常的历史,说明我们都像被一层坚硬的外壳覆盖着的泥佛,要发现自己真正的金色。
1.WhatmadethemonkscovertheBuddhawithalargeoilcloth?
A.Hidingitfrombeingstolen.
B.Protectingitfromtherain.
C.Protectingitfrombeingdamaged.
D.Avoidingbeingseen.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段末句可知,修道士们在金佛上盖上一块大油布是为了保护佛像不被雨淋。
故选B。
2.WhywastheauthorgreatlyimpressedbythegoldenBuddha?
A.Becausehelikesitverymuch.
B.Becauseitdiffersfromothers.
C.Becauseofitshistory.
D.Becauseoftheprotectionofthemonks.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据第二段末句及下文的具体介绍可知,这个金佛给作者留下了深刻印象是因为它的不寻常的历史。
故选C。
3.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.VisitingBuddhistTemples
B.TheGoldenBuddha
C.ProtectingTheirCountry
D.RelocatingtheBuddha
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。
作者通过讲述金佛寺中的金佛出于保护被涂上一层粘土,经雨淋后露出本来面目,揭开了其不同寻常的历史。
作者以此说明我们都像被一层坚硬的外壳覆盖着的泥佛,要发现自己真正的金色。
“TheGoldenBuddha(金色的佛)”贯穿全文,适合作为标题。
故选B。
4.Whatadviceisgiventousaccordingtothepassage?
A.Coveringupourselves.
B.Findingthetruth.
C.Discoveringourtruespirit.
D.Buildingupourbelief.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据最后一段最后一句中的“ourtasknowistodiscoverourtruespiritonceagain”可知,作者建议我们要发现自己真正的精神。
故选C。
B
3Dprintingisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Wearenowabletocreatethingsweneedveryquicklyandeasilyusing3Dprinters.Butcanyouimagineprintingfood?
Somescientistsaretryingto3revolutionizethediningexperiencebydoingthis.Theyhopethathavinga3Dprinterinthekitchenwillbeascommonasthemicrowaveovenorblender.
Scientistssaythatit’llbequiteeasy:
yousimplyhavetoselecta4recipeandputtherawfood‘inks’intotheprinter.Youcanalsomodifytheinstructionstomakethefoodexactlyhowyouwantit.Thismeansthatitwouldbeveryquickandeasytocreatetastyandnutritiousmeals.
Using3Dprinterstocreateyourmealswouldalsobesavingtheenvironment.Therewouldbelessneedfortraditionalgrowing,transportingandpackagingprocessesasfoodproductionwouldbealotmoreefficient.Forexample,6alternativeingredients(原料)suchasproteinsfromalgae,beetrootleavesandinsectscouldbe7convertedintotastyproducts.
Printingfoodcouldalsohelppeoplewhosufferfromdysphasia(aswallowingdisorder).Theycouldprogramtheprintertoprintsofterversionsoftheirfavoritefoodssothattheywouldnothavetroubleinswallowingthem.
However,somepeoplethinkthatafutureof3Dfoodprintingwouldbeadisaster.Itcouldtakeawaymanyjobs,includingthoseforgrowing,transportingandpackagingfood.Imagineaworldwheretherewasnoneedforfarmingorgrowingcropsandthesametastescouldbeprintedfromaraw“foodink”.8Likewise,traditionalcafesandrestaurantsmightlosebusiness.Also,thereareconcernsaboutthenutritionalvalueofprintedfood:
isitreallypossibletogetthenutrientsweneedfromfood-basedinksandgels(凝胶)?
What’smore,cookingandeatingtogetherwithfamilyandfriendshaslongbeenatraditionalandenjoyableactivity.Itishardtoimagineaworldwherethepleasureofcookingisdeadandmealscanbecreatedatthetouchofabutton.
语篇解读 本文介绍了一项新技术——3D食物打印,它是一种能像打印文件一样把食物“印”出来的技术。
5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribes3Dfoodprinting?
A.Quickandpopular.
B.Easyandefficient.
C.Nutritiousandtasty.
D.Softandconvenient.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第三段最后一句“Thismeansthatitwouldbeveryquickandeasytocreatetastyandnutritiousmeals.”可知,3D食物打印很快、很容易就能创造出好吃、有营养的食物。
故选B。
6.Whydosomethinkthat3Dfoodprintingwouldbeadisaster?
A.Traditionalfoodwoulddisappear.
B.Manypeoplecouldlosetheirjobs.
C.Itwouldaffectthepeople’shealth.
D.Wecouldalleatthesamefood.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段前两句可知,一些人认为3D食物打印在未来将会是一个灾难,因为它会抢人们的饭碗——比如食物的种植、运输、打包工作,故选B。
7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A.3Dfoodprintingwillreplacetraditionalcooking.
B.Thefutureof3Dfoodprintingisuncertain.
C.Itwouldhurtourtraditionoffoodculture.
D.3Dfoodprintingwouldbeafailure.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据最后一段可知,烹饪和聚餐是人类的传统活动,很难想象3D食物打印带来的按钮世界,由此可推知,3D食物打印的应用会破坏我们的传统饮食文化。
故选C。
8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.3DFoodPrinting:
ComingtotheKitchen
B.Can3DPrintingCreateEverything?
C.3D-PrintingFoodWillBeinFashion!
D.TheDisadvantagesof3DFoodPrinting
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。
根据全文大意可知本文讲述了一项新技术——即将进入厨房的3D食物打印。
故选A。
【提炼拓展】
Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破
(一)阅读下列句子,并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思
1.Theagedwallsaremadeoutofclayfromtheearthandwood.黏土
2.Agasmainhadacrackundermyneighbour’sgarageandgashadseepedintoourhomes.裂缝
3.Overthepastfortyyears,plasticshaverevolutionizedthewaywelive.彻底改变
4.It’sherturntocookthiseveningsoshelooksuparecipefortomatosoupontheInternet.菜谱
(二)同义词语替换
5.Ifthecompanywastorelocate,mostemployeeswouldmove.remove
6.Hesaidthereisnoalternativeforhimbuttomaintainorderunderanycircumstances.choice
7.Youcanusethesetransformationstoconvertthedatafromonemodeltoanother.transform/shift
8.Thefishweredelicious.Likewise,theeggplantwasexcellent.Similarly
(三)一词多义
9.fade褪色;枯萎,凋谢;(逐渐)消失
(1)Allmemoryofthechildhoodfadedfromhermind.(逐渐)消失
(2)Colouredclothoftenfadeswhenitiswashed.褪色
(3)Therosesheplantedinthegardenfadedafterthreedays.枯萎,凋谢
Ⅱ.长难句理解
1.Afterwalkingarounditandtakingsomephotos,Iwalkedovertoaglasscase,nexttowhichwasatypewrittenpagedescribingthehistoryofthismagnificentpieceofart.
[句式分析] 本句话是一个复合句,句子的主干部分Iwalkedovertoaglasscase是简单句的主谓结构;Afterwalkingarounditandtakingsomephotos是时间状语;nexttowhichwasatypewrittenpagedescribingthehistoryofthismagnificentpieceofart是定语从句,修饰aglasscase;describingthehistoryofthismagnificentpieceofart为现在分词作定语,修饰atypewrittenpage。
[精美译文] 围着它走了几圈并拍了几张照片以后,我走向一个玻璃箱子,在它的旁边是一张打印的纸张,描述了这件壮丽的艺术品的历史。
2.Theycouldprogramtheprintertoprintsofterversionsoftheirfavoritefoodssothattheywouldnothavetroubleinswallowingthem.
[句式分析] 本句话是一个复合句,主句是简单句的主谓宾结构;sothattheywouldnothavetroubleinswallowingthem为目的状语从句。
[精美译文] 他们给打印机输入程序,让它打印出较软的食物,以便他们吞咽的时候没有困难。
强化训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
CakanisasuccessfulbusinessmanfromMontenegro,whohasearnedhimselfnicknames(昵称)like“thebestboss”and“Brother”bybeingsurprisinglygeneroustohisemployees.
Cakan,whoowns“CakanSports”,thelargestsportinggoodsstorechaininMontenegro,hasbeenmakingnewsheadlinesforyears,butnotforhisprofessionalsuccess.Heisbestknownforthegenerosityheshowstohisfaithfulandhard-workingemployees.Thebusinessmanfirmlybelievesthathiscompanycanboomonlyifhekeepshisemployeeshappy,andtothatend,hehasofferedthebestofthemsomeprettyunbelievablepresents.
Cakanfirstsurprisedhisworkersbackin2012,whenheofferedfourofthembrandnewcars—2VWGolf6and2VWpol