考研英语及详解.docx

考研英语及详解.docx

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考研英语及详解

2013年考研英语

（一）试题真题

SectionI  UseofEnglish

Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat 1  theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby 2  factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig 3   wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamlesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.   4  ,hetheorisedthatajudge 5  ofapperaringtoosoft 6 crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison 7  hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday。

To 8  thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the  9  ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers 10  randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDr.Simonsohosuspectedthetruthwas 11  。

Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBA[微博] interviews 12  by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad 13  applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale 14  numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere 15  usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGranduateManagentAdimssionTest,orGMAT[微博],astandardizedexamwhichis 16  outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher。

Dr.Simonsohofoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone 17  that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould 18  byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto 19  theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatecouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen 20  。

1.[A]grants           [B]submits        [C]transmits      [D]delivers

2.[A]minor            [B]objective      [C]crucial        [D]external

3.[A]issue            [B]vision         [C]picture        [D]external

4.[A]Forexample     [B]Onaverage      [C]Inprinciple     [D]Aboveall

5.[A]fond            [B]fearful       [C]capable         [D]thoughtless

6.[A]in             [B]on              [C]to             [D]for

7.[A]if              [B]until           [C]though       [D]unless

8.[A]promote         [B]emphasize       [C]share           [D]success

9.[A]decision        [B]quality         [C]status          [D]success

10.[A]chosen         [B]studied         [C]found           [D]identified

11.[A]exceptional   [B]defensible      [C]replaceable    [D]otherwise

12.[A]inspired       [B]expressed        [C]conducted       [D]secured

13.[A]assigned       [B]rated            [C]matched         [D]arranged

14.[A]put            [B]got             [C]gave           [D]took

15.[A]instead        [B]then             [C]ever         [D]rather

16.[A]selected        [B]passed          [C]marked      [D]introduced

17.[A]before        [B]after          [C]above          [D]below

18.[A]jump            [B]float          [C]drop            [D]fluctuate

19.[A]achieve         [B]undo           [C]maintain       [D]disregard

20.[A]promising       [B]possible       [C]necessary        [D]helpful

SectionII ReadingComprehension

PartA

Text1

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther,Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment。

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththefeverishwoulddescribedin Overdressed, EliazabethCline’sthree-year indictment of“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmoreprofit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable-meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat–andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace。

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals。

Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durableandwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear–about64itemsperperson–andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste。

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes–andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff。

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment–includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionline–Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto。

21. Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher

[A]poorbargainingskill。

[B]insensitivitytofashion。

[C]obsessionwithhighfashion。

[D]lackofimagination。

22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto

[A]combatunnecessarywaste。

[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld。

[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements。

[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently。

23.Theword“indictment”（Line3,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto

[A]accusation。

[B]enthusiasm。

[C]indifference。

[D]tolerance。

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph?

[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists。

[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability。

[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments。

[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing。

25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle。

[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth。

[C]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry。

[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret。

Text2

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy。

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:

Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?

Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCornmission（FTC）proposedaddinga"donottrack"（DNT）optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance（DAA）agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests。

OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:

ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault。

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway。

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:

"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?

26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:

[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves

[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

[D]providebetteronlineservices

27.“Theindustry”（Line6,Para.3）refersto:

[A]onlineadvertisers

[B]e-commerceconductors

[C]digitalinformationanalysis

[D]internetbrowserdevelopers

28. BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads

[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

[C]willnotbenefitconsumers

[D]goesagainsthumannature

29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoParagraph.6?

[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:

[A]