广东专插本英语历年真题之令狐文艳创作.docx
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广东专插本英语历年真题之令狐文艳创作
1998年广东省普通高等学校本科插班生考试
令狐文艳
英语试题
PartIReadingComprehension(40%)
PassageI
Thecomputerisawonderfulmachine.Itisthemostimportantinventionsincethetypeofengineusedincars.Todayithasthegreatesteffectonscience,industry,andbusiness,butitisbeingusedmoreineducationandmedicine.Bytheendofthiscenturyitwilltouchthelivesofeveryone,evenpeopleindistantvillages.Itisarevolutionaryinvention.
TheoldestkindofcomputeristheabacususedinChinasincethesixthcentury.Intheseventeenthcenturyanaddingmachinewasinvented,butthefurstlarge,moderncomputerwasbuiltin1937.Afewyearslateracomputercoulddo5000additionspersecond.Nowthecomputationsaresofastthattheyaremeasuredinnanoseconds(毫微秒).
Todaymostcomputershaveamemory.Theyaregettingsmallerandsmaller,andcomputingfasterandfaster.Eveninalargecomputer,thepartthatdoestheactualcomputingisaboutthesizeoftheendofafinger.
Computerscandoallkindsofwork.Whensomeonebuyssomethinginadepartmentstore,informationaboutthesalegoesintoacomputer,Ascientistcantalktothecomputerabouttherocks,andthecomputeranswersthequestions.Adoctorcantalktothecomputerandexplainwhatiswrongwithapatient.Ifthedoctoraskswhy,thecomputergoesthroughitsstoredinformationandexplainsexactlywhy.
Whenearlyhumansbeganfarming,itwasarevolutionarychangeinhumanlife.Itwashundredsofthousandsofyearslaterthatpeopledevelopedawritingsystem(方法).Inlessthanfiftyyearspeoplehavedevelopedcomputersthatcandomostofthethingshumanscando.Thiscouldbeafrighteningdevelopment.
1.Thecomputerisconsideredawonderfulmachinebecause_____.
A.ithaseffectonallaspectsofman’slifeB.itiswidelyusedineducationandmedicine
C.ithasthefunctionofanengineD.itisusefulevenindistantvillages
2.TheabacushasbeenusedinChinafor_____.
A.some5,000years
B.about600years
C.nearly1,000years
D.over1,300years
3.Themostimportantfeatureofacomputeristhat_____.
A.ithasamemory
B.itissmallinsize
C.itcomputesfast
D.itanswersallkindsofquestions
4.Thecomputationsofthecomputerareusuallymeasuredin_____.
A.seconds
B.minutes
C.hours
D.nanoseconds
5.Thecomputerwillsoonaffect_____.
A.peopleinlargecities
B.peopleindevelopedcountries
C.peopleallovertheworld
D.peopleintheWesternworld
Passage2
Inthetraditionalmarriage,themanworkedatajobtoearnmoneyforthefamily.Mostmenworkedinanoffice,afactory,orsomeotherplaceawayfromthehome.Sincethemanearnedthemoney,hepaidthebills.Themoneywasusedforfood,clothes,ahouse,andotherfamilyneeds.Themanmademostofthedecisions.Hewastheboss.
Inthetraditionalmarriage,thewomanseldomworkedawayfromthehouse.Shestayedathometocareforthechildrenandherhusband.Shecookedthemeals,cleanedhouse,washedtheclothes,anddidotherhouseholdwork.Herjobathomewaseveryimportant.
Inrecentyears,manycouplescontinuetohaveatraditionalrelationshipofthiskind.Themanhasajobandearnsthemoneyforthefamily.Thewomanstaysathomeandcaresforthechildrenandthehouse.ManyAmericansarehappywiththiskindofmarriage.ButsomeotherAmericanshaveadifferentimpressionofmarriageandfamilyresponsibilities.
Therearetwoimportantdifferencesinmaleandfemalerolesnow.Oneisthatbothmenandwomenhavemanymorechoices.Theymaychoosetomarryortostaysingle.Theymaychoosetoworkorstayathome.Bothmenandwomenmaychooserolesthatarecomfortableforthem.
Aseconddifferenceinmaleandfemalerolesisthatwithinmarriagemanydecisionsandresponsibilitiesareshared.Thehusbandandwifemaychoosetohavechildren,ortheymaynot.Iftheyhavechildren,themanmaytakecareofthemsomeofthetime,allofthetime,ornotatall.Thewomanmaywanttostayathomeandtakecareofthechildren.Orshemaywanttogotowork.MenandWomennowdecidethesethingstogetherinamarriage.Manymarriedpeoplenowsharethesedecisionsandtheresponsibilitiesoftheirfamilies.
6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthetraditionalmarriage?
A.Menworkedatajobtoearnmoneyforfamily.
B.Thewomanmademostofdecisions.
C.Thewomanstayedathometocareforthechildren.
D.Themanpaidthebills.
7.Inrecentyears_____.
A.youngcouplesrejectthetraditionalrelationship
B.thewomanhasajobandearnsthemoneyforthefamily
C.thewomandoesn’tstayathomeandcareforthechildrenandthehouse
D.theroleofmenandwomenhasbeguntochange
8.MenandwomenmaynowchooseallthefollowingEXCEPTto_____.
A.marryortostaysingle
B.workortostayathome
C.havetherolesthatarecomfortableforthem
D.leavetheirjobsjustbecausetheyhavechildren
9.ThefollowingareallnowtrueEXCEPT_____.
A.theymaychoosetohavechildrenornot
B.themanmaytakecareofthechildrensomeofthetime
C.thewomanmaywanttogotowork
D.thewomanisthemostimportantpersoninthehouse
10.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.Themanwasthebossinthetraditionalmarriage.
B.Thewoman’sjobathomewasveryimportantinthepast.
C.ManyAmericansstillhaveatraditionalmarriage.
D.Everyonetriestogetmarried.
Passage3
Didyouknowthattheemptyplasticsoftdrinkbottlesyouthrowawayeverydaycanbeturnedintocarpetorautomobilesparts?
Thatusedglassbottlesandaluminumcanscanbeturnedintonewones?
Andthatyesterday’snewspapercanbeturnedintotomorrow’s?
Itallhappensbecauseofrecycling(再利用).Thesimplewastewethrowawayisa“naturalresource”that,withrecycling,canbeusedtoproduceavarietyofnewproducts.
Unfortunately,Americarecyclesonly10%ofitsrubbish,burns10%anddeposits80%inwastedesposalgrounds,Asaresult,itishavingtocopewithaserioussolidwasteproblem.
Everyyear,Americansthrowawayabout160milliontonsofrubbish.Ofthattotal,plasticsmakeuplessthan8%,paperabout36%,andglassandmetalabout20%,allbyweight.Plasticsarenaturallylighter,butstill,whenpressedtogether,accoutforonlyabout20%byvolume.
Asaresult,inthepast10yearstheUnitedStates’wastedisposalgroundshavedecreasedfromabout18,500to6,000.Infiveyears2,000morewillclose.
Intheprocessoffindingsolutions,somepeoplehaveproposedtostopusingplastics.
Unfortunately,stopusingplasticswoulddomuchharmandnogood.Wewouldloseallofthesafety,healthandconveniencefeaturesofplastics.
Besides,packagingwouldstillbeneeded.A1987studyshowswhatwouldhappenifplasticswerenotused--theenergyneededtoproduceotherpackaging,itscost,andthevolumeofwastecollectedwouldallrisegreatly.
SomeAmericansbelievepartoftheanswertoAmerica’swasteproblemliesinrecyclingeverythingfromglasstometalstopapertoplastic.
Today,recyclingisontherise.Therearenowmorethan1,000wasterecyclingprogramsintheU.S.Manyarebeginningtorecycleplastics.
Rightnow,almost200companiesarerecyclingmillionsofusedplasticcontainersintotoys,trafficsigns,wastebaskets,floormaterials,andparkbenches.
Plasticsareamongtheeasiestmaterialstorecycle.Morethan150millionpoundsor20%ofallplasticsoftdrinkbottleswererecycledin1987.
11.Whatcan’ttheplasticsoftdrinkbottlesbeturnedinto?
A.Newspapers.
B.Automobileparts.
C.Toys.
D.Trafficsigns.
12.OfalltherubbishintheU.S.,plasticsaccountfor_____byweightand_____byvolume.
A.20%;20%
B.8%;20%
C.36%;8%
D.20%;36%
13.Onaverage,wasteplasticsare_____otherwastes.
A.asheavyindensityas
B.heavierindensitythan
C.lighterindensitythan
D.thesamebyweightas
14.In5years,theU.S.willhaveonly_____wastedisposalgrounds.
A.2,000
B.6,000
C.4,000
D.18,500
15.Theauthorofthispassage_____theproposalofstoppingusingplastices.
A.saysnothingabout
B.issympatheticwith
C.agreesto
D.disagreesto
Passage4
Therearetwokindsofmemory:
short-termandlong-term.Informationinlong-termmemorycanberememberedatalatertimewhenitisneeded.Theinformationmaybekeptfordaysorweeks.However,informationinshort-termmemoryiskeptforonlyafewseconds,usuallybyrepeatingtheinformationoverandover.Thefollowingexperimentshowshowshort-termmemoryhasbeenstudied.
HenningstudiedhowstudentswhoarelearningEnglishasasecondlanguageremembervocabulary.Thesubjectsinhisexperimentwere75collegestudents.TheyrepresentedalllevelsofabilityinEnglish:
beginning,intermediate,advanced,andnative-speakingstudents.
Tobegin,thesubjectslistenedtoarecordingofanativespeakerreadingaparagraphinEnglish.Followingtherecording,thesubjectstooka15-questiontesttoseewhichwordstheyremembered.Eachquestionhadfourchoices.Thesubjectshadtocirclethewordtheyhadheardintherecording.Someofthequestionshadfourchoicesthatsoundalike.Forexample,weather,whethet,wither,andwetterarefourwordsthatsoundalike.Someofthequestionshadfourchoicesthathavethesamemeaning.Method,way,manner,andsystemwouldbefourwordswiththesamemeaning.Finallythesubjectstookalanguageproficiencytest.
HenningfoundthatstudentswithalowerproficiencyinEnglishmademoreoftheirmistakesonwordsthatsoundalike;studentswithahigherproficiencymademoreoftheirmistakesonwordsthathavethesamemeaning.Henning’sresultssuggestthatbeginningstudentsholdthesoundofwordsintheirshort-termmemory,andadvancedstudentsholdthemeaningofwordsintheirshort-termmemory.
16.Henningmadetheexperimentinordertostudy_____.
A.howstudentsrememberEn