职称英语真题及解析理工B.docx
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职称英语真题及解析理工B
2009年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类(B级)真题及答案
第1部分:
词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 Wouldyoupleasecallmyhusbandassoonaspossible?
A visit B phone C consult D invite
2 Wehadalongconversationaboutherparents.
A speech B question C talk D debate
3 Thechairmanproposedthatwestopthemeeting.
A stated B announced C demanded D suggested
4 Obviouslythesepeoplecanbereliedoninacrisis.
A livedon B dependedon C believedin D joinedin
5 ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathletebreaksarecord.
A beats B maintains C matches D tries
6 Allthepupilsseemtobeverycheerful.
A happy B healthy C naughty D busy
7 Thetraditionalpaintingsareexhibitedonthesecondfloor.
A laid B displayed C kept D stored
8 Shestoodthere,shakingwithfury.
A misery B laughter C anger D cry
9 Maryevidentlyisthemostdiligentstudentamongus
A intelligent B beautiful C talkative D hardworking
10PersistentattemptstointerviewGarbowerefruitless.
A Forceful B Reasonable C Continuous D Firm
11Whycan'tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining?
A everlasting B long C temporary D boring
12Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.
A shaken B damaged C fallen D jumped
13Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.
A faithful B royal C genuine D sincere
14Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.
A attraction B simplicity C power D rigor
15Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle
A mist B fog C mystery D secret
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C.
RadiocarbonDating
Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon(放射性碳),orcarbon-14,dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandbysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened.
Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyatheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarbon,calledcarbon-12,hassixprotons(中子)andsixneutrons(质子)initsnucleus.Carbon-14,orC-14,isaradioactive,unstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons(原子核)。
Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay(衰减)。
Thisprocessinvolvesthelossofheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.
InLibby'sradiocarbondatingtechnique,theweakradioactiveemissions(放射)fromhisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.hedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.
Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth'satmospherewhennitrogen(氮)-14,orN-14,
interactswithcosmicrays(宇宙射线)。
ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformed,themountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.Consequently,C-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50,000years.
AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules(分子)thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14
atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues(组织)。
Onceanorganism(有机体)diesittopstakingincarboninanyform,andtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreases,andtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating,thefewerC-14atomsinasample,theolderthatsampleis.
16 Nowadaysmanyscientistsdependonradiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
17 Theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout40yearsold
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
18 Anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutrons
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
19 Radarisusedtodeterminethecharacteristicsofradiocarbon
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
20 Radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast50,000years.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
21 TheC-14inanorganismbeginstodecaywhenitdies
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
22 Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25,000years.
A Right B Wrong C Notmentioned
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段1选择个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Chimpanzees
1 Chimpanzees(黑猩猩)willsoonbeextinct(灭绝)。
Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat(栖息地)destructioncontinues,thenwithin20years,therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy (悲剧)。
Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications(含意)forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives-humanbeings.
2 In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes(基因组)matchbyover98%.Comparethistothemouse,usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests,whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.Infact,chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.Aswellasresemblingusgenetically,chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority(优先)。
Butthereisanother,moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp.
3 Thechimpanzees'trumpcard(王牌)comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians(兽医)oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular,chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthisabilitythatissointeresting.
4 Forexample,chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed,theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.
5 Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing(找到)theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans,scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This,theyhope,willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration(改变)ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.
23 Paragraph1 24 Paragraph2
25 Paragraph3 26 Paragraph4
A ReasonsforHIVresistance
B Implicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans
C EffectiveAIDStreatment
D Geneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans
E Chimps'resistancetoHIV
F Geneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsandhumans
27 Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect
28 Thereisadifferenceof lessthan2%betweenthechimpand
29 Scientistssuspectthatgenes.PlaYasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting
30 Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto
A somehumandiseasetreatments B somediseases
C humansurvival D humangenomes E keyareas F healthierlifestyle
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇
Water
Thesecondmostimportantconstituent(构成成份)ofthebiosphere(生物圈)isliquidwater.Thiscanonlyexistinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures,sincewaterfreezesat0℃andboilsat100℃。
Lifeasweknowitwouldonlybepossibleonthesurfaceofaplanetwhichhadtemperaturessomewherewithinthisnarrowrange.
Theearth'ssupplyofwaterprobablyremainsfairlyconstantinquantity.Thetotalquantityofwaterisnotknownveryaccurately,butitisaboutenoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheglobetoadepthofabouttwoandthree-quarterkilometers.Mostofitisintheformofthesaltwateroftheoceans-about97percent.Therest
isfresh,butthree-quartersofthisisintheformoficeatthePolesandonmountains,andcannotbeusedbylivingsystemsuntilmelted.Oftheremainingfractionalwhichissomewhatlessthanonepercentofthewhole,thereis10-20timesasmuchstoredundergroundwaterasthereisactuallyonthesurface.Thereisalsoatiny,butextremelyimportantfractionofthewatersupplywhichispresentaswatervaporintheatmosphere.
Watervaporintheatmosphereisthechannelthroughwhichthewholewater
circulation(循环)ofthebiospherehastopass.Waterevaporated(蒸发)fromthesurfaceoftheoceans,fromlakesandriversandfrommoist(潮湿的)earthisaddedtoit.Fromitthewatercomesoutagainasrainorsnow,fallingoneithertheseaortheland.Thereis,asmightbeexpected,amoreintensiveevaporationperunitareaovertheseaandoceansthanovertheland,butthereismorerainfalloverthelandthanovertheoceans,andthebalanceisrestoredbytherunofffromthelandintheformofrivers.
31 Liquidwateronlyexists
A inthecenteroftheearth. B onthesurfaceofourplanet.
C inaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures. D inthecoastalareasofthe