轮机英语听力与会话三版PARTⅠ口述题答案.docx

轮机英语听力与会话三版PARTⅠ口述题答案.docx

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轮机英语听力与会话三版PARTⅠ口述题答案

PARTⅠ英语评估口述题参考答案

第一章公共用语

1.Theengineroom

（1）Positionoftheengineroomonboard.

（2）Typesofmarinemachineryintheengineroom.

（3）Featureofmarinemachineryintheengineroom.

Theengineroomistheheartofaship.

Withoutit,theshipcannotsailatsea.

Itisusuallyattheaftpartoftheship,belowthefirstdeck.

Therearevariouskindsofmachineryinit.

Thedieselengineforpropulsioniscalledthemainengine.

Othervariousmachinesarecalledauxiliarymachinery.

Thesemachinesarerequiredforsteering,cargohandling,powergenerationandsoon.

Amongthesemachines,mainengineisthepowersourceoftheship.

Othersprovidetheserviceforthemainengine.

2.Theenginedepartment

（1）Introductionoftheimportanceoftheenginedepartmentonboard.

（2）Introductionofpersonneloftheenginedepartment.

（3）Descriptionofworkintheenginedepartment.

Theenginedepartmentonboardisveryimportant.

Withoutit,ashipcannotsailatseanordoanythingelse.

Intheenginedepartment,thereareengineerofficersandengineroomratings.

TheChiefEngineeristheheadoftheenginedepartment.

Theworkintheenginedepartmentisrelatedtomachinesandequipment.

Itistocontrolmachinesandsystemsandtokeepthemingoodorder.

3.Self-introduction（学生用）

（1）Youreducationbackground.

（2）Yourworkingexperience.

（3）Yourfamily.

Mynameis______.I’m______yearsold.

Icomefrom_______.

NowI’mastudentof_______College.

Imajorinmarineengineeringmanagement.

Iwillgraduatefromthecollegenextyear.

I’vereceivedbasictrainingsforseamen,suchassurvivalatsea,fire-fightingandfirst-aid.

Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily:

myfather,mymotherandmyself.

Myfatherisaworker.

Mymotherisahousewife.

Ilovemyfamily.

4.Pleasesaysomethingaboutyourjob.

（1）Yourpositiononboard.

（2）Yourdutiesonboard.

（3）Yourexperiences.

Mypositiononboardisthefourthengineer.

Ikeepwatchfrom8o’clockto12o’clockinthemorningandatnight.

I’minchargeofthedeckmachinery,pumps,valvesandoilywaterseparatorandsoon.

Whenonduty,Ihavealotofthingstodo.

Ishouldkeepthemachineryingoodworkingorder.

Sofar,Ihaveworkedasafourthengineerfor____years.

AndIhaveworkedonvariouskindsofcargoships,（suchasbulkcarriers,containerships,generalcargoships,tankers,etc.）

Ilovemyjob.IhopeIcanbecomeachiefengineerinthefuture.

5．Watch-keepingintheengineroom

（1）Theengineerondutyworksfor4hourseachwatch.

（2）Hehastokeepeverythingingoodorder.

（3）Heisgoingtohandovershift.

Theengineerondutyworksfor4hourseachwatch.

Differentpositionhasdifferentshifts.

Forexample,thethirdengineerworksfrom0to4inthemorningandinafter-noon.

Hehastokeepeverythingingoodorder.

Ifanythinggoeswrong,hehastodealwithitorreportittotheChiefEngineer.

Attheendofthewatch,heisgoingtohandovertheshift.

Thesecondengineerwillgoonthenextshift.

6.Couldyouintroduceyourself?

（船员用）

（1）What’syourname?

（2）Wheredidyougraduate?

（3）Whateducationdegreedoyouhave?

I’mgladtointroducemyself.

Mynameis_____________.

I’m________yearsold.

Igraduatedfrom____________college/university.

Ihaveabachelor’sdegree.

Ihaveworkedonboardfor______years.

NowI’mathird/secondengineeronboard.

Ilovemyjob.

第二章机舱日常业务

1．Pleasedescribethedifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengine.

Thedifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineenginearemainlyasfollows:

Thedieselengineusesdieseloilasfuelbutthegasolineengineusesgasoline.

Duringthesuctionstroke,thedieselengineadmitsaironly,butthegasolineengineadmitsacombustiblemixtureofairandgasoline.

Aftercompression,afinesprayoffuelinjectedintothedieselenginecylinderisignitedbytheheatinthecylinder.

Agasolineengineneedssparkplugstoignitethecombustiblemixtureinthecylinder.

Thecompressionratioofadieselengineishigherthanthatofagasolineengine.

Soadieselengineisbiggerthanagasolineengine.

2.XiaoWangisacadetoftheenginedepartment,whojustgraduatedfromShanghaiMaritimeUniversity.Howdoyouintroducealltheengineroomtohim？

IwillintroducetheengineroomtoXiaoWanginthisway:

Thisistheengineroom.

Itisbelowthefirstdeckonboard.

Therearemanymachinesandequipmentinit,includingamainengineandalotofauxiliarymachines.

Thisistheeconomizer,standingjustinfrontofthedoor.

Downthestaircase,thereisaboiler.

Goingdownsomemore,youwillfindapassageleadingtothesteeringgearroom.

Movingdownanotherflightofstairs,youwillcometothelevelofmainenginecylinderheads.

Upfromthere,therearedieselgenerators.

Thefreshwatergeneratorisalsoonthesamelevel.

Astheheartofaship,theengineroomshouldbekeptingoodorder.

3.XiaoZhangisathree-yearstudentmajoringinmarineengineeringfromShanghaiMaritimeUniversity.Howdoyouintroducetheequipmentandmachineryintheengineroomtohim?

Iwillintroducetheequipmentandmachineryintheengineroominthisway:

Therearemanykindsofmachinesintheengineroom.

Themainengineistheheartoftheengineroom.

Itsuppliespowerforthevessel’spropulsion.

Boilersareusedforproducingsteam.

Afreshwatergeneratorisusedtoproducefreshwaterfromseawater.

Anaircompressoristosupplycompressedair.

Steeringgearsareforthecontroloftheship’scourse.

Allthemachineryandequipmentshouldbemaintainedingoodorder.

4.Saysomethingaboutthedisposaloftheshaftinganddieselengine.

Iwillsaysomethingaboutthedisposaloftheshaftinganddieselengine.

Themaindieselengineiswithathrustshaftasanintegralpart.

Thethrustshaftisboltedtoanintermediateshaft.

Theintermediateshaftissupportedbyintermediatetunnelbearings.

Thesterntubebearingsupportsthetailshaftandpartofthepropellerweight.

Sterntubesealsarefittedatbothendsofthetailshaft.

Theshafts,shaftbearingsandpropellermakeupthetransmissionsystemonboardavessel.

5.Saysomethingabouttheprobabilityofdisposalofmedium-speedandhigh-speeddieselengine.

Medium-andhigh-speeddieselenginescanbearrangedassingle-enginepropulsion.

Buttheyareprobablyarrangedastwo-,eventhree-orfour-enginepropulsion.

Theillustrationshowsakindoffour-enginepropulsion.

Theseenginesareconnectedwithareductiongear.

Throughthereductiongear,thepropellingspeedisreducedandthetorqueisincreased.

Oneoftheadvantagesofthisarrangementisthatcompactsystemscanbeused.

6.Saysomethingaboutstructureofthemainengine.

Thisisanillustrationofthestructureofamainengine.

Themainengineconsistsoftwoparts:

themovingpartsandfixedparts.

Themovingpartsincludepiston,crankshaft,andconnectingrod.

Thefixedpartsarebedplate,frame,cylinder,cylindercoverandmainbearings.

Thebedplate,frameandcylinderblockareheldtogetherbylongtierods.

Theconnectingrodconnectsthepistonwiththecrankshaft.

Thepistonmovesupanddowninthecylinder.

Onthetopofthecylinder,thereisacylindercover.

Theexhaustvalve,inletvalveandinjectorareinstalledonthecylindercover.

7.Saysomethingaboutstressstatusofthemovingparts.

Thispictureillustratesthestressstatusofthemovingpartsofanengine.

Themovingpartsarestressedbytwomajorforces.

Oneisthecompressiveforcefromthegasinthecylinder.

Theotheristheinertiaforceofthemovingparts.

TheresultantforceofthetwocanbedividedintoForceNandForceS.

ForceScompressesorstretchestheconnectingrod.

AnditcanbefurtherdividedintoForceTandForceK.

ForceKexertsabendingstressonthecrankshaft.

8.Saysomethingaboutthetypeofpistonheadshapeindieselengine.

Thispictureillustratestheshapeofapistonhead.

Therearefourpistonringgroovesinthehead.

Thetopofthepistonheadisconcave,likeabowl.

Thisshapeisfavourableforthemixingoffuelandair.

Itisalsoforthefreeexpansionoftheheadafterbeingheated.

Thetypeofthispistonisprobablyacrossheadtype.

9.Saysomethingaboutthetypesofpistonring.

Thispictureillustratesvarioustypesofpistonrings.

Thefirstoneinthepictureisthesectionofarectangularring.（矩形环）

Thiskindofpistonringismostcommonforgassealing.

Thesecondoneisadiagonalcutpistonring.

Itiscommonlyusedforoildistributorring.

Thethirdoneisakindofpistonringwithoneinner-sidechamfer（倒角）.

Thefourthoneisatwistedring.

Andthefifthoneiswithanovalshapeattheouterside.

Itisparticularlyusedfortherunning-inperiodofanewpiston.

10.Pleasedescribethelubricatingmodeofmainengine

Therearetwodifferentlubricatingmodesforthemainengine.

Oneisforlubricationofthecylinders.

Theotherisforbearinglubrication.

Thecylinderoilisusuallyprovidedbysmallpumps,knownasmechanicallubricators.

Theoilshouldbesuppliedinsmallquantities.

Butthemethodofbearinglubricationisquitedifferent.

Itisprovidedbyforcedfeedsystem.

Itprovidesasufficientsupplyofoiltoallbearings.

Lubricationofthemainenginecanreducefriction.

11.Talkabouttheworkingprincipleofpurifieraccordingtothepicturegiven.

Thepictureshowstheworkingprincipleofapurifieronboard.

Itworksontheprincipleofcentrifugalseparation.

Inapurifier,thereareseparationdiscsandouterperipherywithas