英语高二英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析.docx

英语高二英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析.docx

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英语高二英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析

（英语）高二英语阅读理解（科普环保）试题（有答案和解析）

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读理解

   Agooddisguisekeepsyouhidden,right?

Well,sometimesthebestdisguiseisactuallythemostdazzlingbecauseresearchrevealsthatflashymetalliciridescence（金属彩虹色）canvisuallypuzzlepredators,whichallowscolorfulpreytosurviveanotherday.ThosesurprisingresultsappearinthejournalScientificReports.

   Shiningiridescentcolor,whichchangesdependingontheanglefromwhichit'sviewed,isfavoredbyeverythingfrombirdstobeetlesandblossomstobutterflies.

   "Andinourresearchgroupweareofcourseinterestedinwhythisvividmetalliccolorissowidespreadinnature."KarinKjernsmooftheUniversityofBristoladdsthatinsomecasestheshowysplashesoflightareasexualstrategy."HereIwouldliketopointoutthatinsomespecies,particularlythosethatdisplaystrongsexualdimorphism（雌雄两性）,suchasbirdsofparadiseorsomebutterfliesorfishes,theoccurrenceofiridescenceismostlikelydrivenbysexualselection.Forexample,inmanyofthesecasesitisthemalesthathavethesevividiridescentcolorsandtheyusetheminmatechoiceortheyusethemasasignaltoattractmates." Butiridescencealsoshowsupinsituationswherereproductionisnotanissue."Sowhatwearestudyingnowiswhethernaturalselectionimposedbypredation（捕食行为）couldexplaintheoccurrenceofiridescenceinpreyanimals."

   Theideathateyecatchingcolorscouldbeusedasacoverupisn'tanewone."Thefatherofcamouflagetheory,AbbottThayer,reallybelievedthatiridescenceshouldbecategorizedasacamouflagestrategy.AndhewroteinhisfamouslifeworkConcealingColorationintheAnimalKingdom,alreadyin1909,that'brilliantlychangeableormetalliccolorsareamongthestrongestfactorsinananimal'sconcealment'.Andthissoundslikeacompletelyunreasonablethingtosay,becausehowcancolorsthatarebothbrilliantandchangeablecontributetoanimal'sconcealment？

"

   "Inasimilarway,wewereaskingwhetheriridescence,duetoitschangeability,couldworkasaformofcamouflagebypreventingshaperecognition."Kjernsmoandhercolleaguestrainedbumblebeestoassociateaparticularshape—acircleoranoval—withasugarreward.Andtheyfoundthatthebees,whengivenachoice,wouldpreferentiallyvisittheshapetheyknewtobesweet.Butwhentheshapeswereiridescent,thebeeshadtroubletellingthemapart."Itseemedthatthestrikinglyiridescentsurfacesonourtargetsvisuallybrokeuptheotherwiserecognizableshapeofthetargets,whichmadethemhardtodistinguish."Asformakinguseofthismethodforhidinginplainsight,"Anypracticalapplicationsisofcoursedirectlylinkedtoanyindustrythathasaninterestincamouflage,thatishowtoconcealobjectsormakethemmoredifficulttorecognize."Theresearchersarecurrentlyconductingexperimentswithbirds,whichoftenpreyoniridescentinsectstoseeifithelpstohaveabird'seyeview.

（1）Accordingtothepassage,iridescenceisnotmadeuseofbyanimalsto________.

A. livealittlelongerbyescapingtheirpredator（捕食者）     

B. catchtheattentionoftheirmates

C. concealthemselveswhenindanger                                 D. catchsightofmorecolorfulpreys

（2）Fromthestudyinthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat________.

A. Beescanalwaystellthedifferencebetweenacircleandanoval

B. Beesarecreaturesthatarefascinatedbysweetthingsthatareiridescent

C. Ifacircle,withasugarreward,isiridescent,thebeesmayhavedifficultyfindingit

D. Beesarelikelytoprefercirclestoovals,whethertheyareiridescentornot

（3）Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?

A. Whetherthereareanydifferencesbetweenbeesandbirds.

B. Someindustriesthathavegreatinterestincamouflage.

C. Whybirdsarenoteffectedbyiridescentinsects.

D. Whichcamouflagetheoryappliesmoretobirds.

（4）Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

A. Afamouscamouflagestrategy                       

B. Metalliciridescentasthebestdisguise

C. Colorsuniquetoanimals                                

D. Shiningcolorsasasexualstrategy

【答案】

（1）D

（2）C

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Agooddisguisekeepsyouhidden,right?

Well,sometimesthebestdisguiseisactuallythemostdazzlingbecauseresearchrevealsthatflashymetalliciridescence（金属彩虹色）canvisuallypuzzlepredators,whichallowscolorfulpreytosurviveanotherday.”可知彩虹色被动物用来通过逃离捕食者而活得更久，排除A；根据第三段中的“HereIwouldliketopointoutthatinsomespecies,particularlythosethatdisplaystrongsexualdimorphism（雌雄两性）,suchasbirdsofparadiseorsomebutterfliesorfishes,theoccurrenceofiridescenceismostlikelydrivenbysexualselection.”在这里我想指出的是，在某些物种中，尤其是那些表现出强烈两性差异的物种，比如天堂鸟、孔雀，甚至在某些蝴蝶或鱼类中，彩虹色的出现很可能是由性别选择所驱动的。

可知动物用彩虹色引起同伴的注意，排除B；根据倒数第二段中的“Theideathateyecatchingcolorscouldbeusedasacoverupisn'tanewone.”引人注目的颜色可以用来伪装，这种想法并不新鲜，排除C，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Itseemedthatthestrikinglyiridescentsurfacesonourtargetsvisuallybrokeuptheotherwiserecognizableshapeofthetargets,whichmadethemhardtodistinguish.”似乎我们的目标上惊人的彩虹表面在视觉上打破了原本可以辨认的目标形状，这使得它们很难区分。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段说研究人员目前正在对鸟类进行实验，这些鸟类的饮食中经常含有彩虹色的昆虫。

实验目的是看看鸟类的视角是否能提供帮助。

由此推断接下来一段会谈论为什么鸟类不受彩虹色昆虫的影响，故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段中的“Well,sometimesthebestdisguiseisactuallythemostdazzlingbecauseresearchrevealsthatflashymetalliciridescence（金属彩虹色）canvisuallypuzzlepredators,whichallowscolorfulpreytosurviveanotherday.”有时，最好的伪装其实是最耀眼的伪装，因为研究表明，闪光的金属彩虹色能在视觉上迷惑捕食者，这让五颜六色的猎物能够再存活一天，是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了彩虹色有助于生物隐藏，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解

   Inourtwenties,wefinditfunnywhenwecan'trememberourneighbor'scat'snameorahandsomeactorwhostarredinafamousmovie.Inourthirties,wejokinglycallit"brainfreeze".Inourforties,welaughitoffasa"seniormoment"andfollowupwithoneoftheseoldagejokes.Buttherealityisthattherecomesapointwhenbeingforgetfulstopsbeingfunnyandstartstoseemabitdreadful.Youthink,"AmIlosingit？

"Orworse,"IsthisasignofAlzheimer'sdisease（老年痴呆症）？

"

   Well,don'tworry.Thefactthatyourecognizeyourownforgetfulnessmaybeaverygoodsign,atleastintermsofthepossibilityofyourdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease（AD）.Theresearchersinanewstudyshowthatit'snotforgetfulnessbutnotbeingawarethatwe'reforgetfulthatweshouldfear.

   TheresearchersbeganwiththeassumptionthatonecommonfeatureofAlzheimer'sdis-easeisadamagedawarenessofillness.Andtheywantedtoprovetheirtheorythatthelackofawarenesscanbeusedtopredictwhethersomeonewith"mildcognitive（认知的）damage"willprogresstofull-onAD.Forthestudy,"mildcognitivedamage"wasdefinedassomeonewhosementalstatewasconsideredhealthybutwhohadeithercomplainedofmemorylossorhadsufferedobjectivememoryloss.

   Theresearchersusedexistingdatafor1,062peoplebetweentheagesof55and90thathadbeenrecordedovera12-yearperiod.Thedataincludedbrainscans,whichtheresearchersusedtolookforvisualsignsofreducedglucoseuptake（葡萄糖吸收）.ItisanobjectivemarkerofthesortofreducedbrainfunctionthatgoesalongwithAD.Asexpected,glucoseuptakewasreducedinthosewithAD.Whattheresearchersalsodiscoveredwasthatglucoseuptakewasreducedinthosewithmildcognitivedamagewhoalsoshowedevidenceofreducedillnessawareness.Finally,theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadreducedillnessawarenessweremorelikelytodevelopADthanthosewithout.

（1）Whatcanbeimpliedfromparagraph1？

A. Peoplecanbeforgetfulatdifferentages.

B. Thememoryoftheyoungisbetterthantheold.

C. OldpeoplearemostafraidofgettingAlzheimer'sdisease.

D. It'sararephenomenonwhenyoungpeopleforgetsomething.

（2）Whatstatementdoestheresearchersinthenewstudyagreewith?

A. Beingawareallthetimeisafearfulthing.

B. IllnessawarenesshasnothingtodowithAlzheimer'sdisease.

C. Recognizingforgetfulnessdoesn'tmeandevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease.

D. RealizingforgetfulnessmustbeasignofdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease.

（3）WhatcanbeasignofdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease?

A. Realizingothers'forgetfulness.                       

B. Reduceduptakeofglucose.

C. Havinghigherintakeofglucose.                    D. Expectedincreaseinbrainfunction.

（4）Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A. Sciencefiction.       B. Achemistrybook.       C. Ascienceresearch.       D. Ahealthbrochure.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何预测你的记忆丧失是否是老年痴呆症,  一项新的研究表明，不是遗忘，而是没有意识到我们的健忘让人们感到害怕。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“ Inourtwenties,wefinditfunnywhenwecan'trememberourneighbor'scat'snameorahandsomeactorwhostarredinafamousmovie.Inourthirties,wejokinglycallit‘brainfreeze’Inourforties,welaughitoffasa‘seniormoment’andfollowupwithoneoftheseoldagejokes.Buttherealityisthattherecomesapointwhenbeingforgetfulstopsbeingfunnyandstartstoseemabitdreadful. ”在二十多岁的时候，当我们记不起邻居的猫的名字或是主演一部著名电影的英俊演员时，我们觉得很有趣。

在三十多岁的时候，我们开玩笑地称它为“大脑冻结”，在四十多岁的时候，我们把它当作“老年时期”来嘲笑，然后继续讲这些老年笑话。

但现实是，有这样的时候，健忘不再有趣，而且看起来有点可怕，可推知选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Thefactthatyourecognizeyourownforgetfulnessmaybeaverygoodsign,atleastintermsofthepossibilityofyourdevelopingAlzheimer'sdisease（AD）”承认自己的健忘也许是一个很好的迹象，至少从你患老年痴呆症,的可能性来看，可知选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“ItisanobjectivemarkerofthesortofreducedbrainfunctionthatgoesalongwithAD.Asexpected,glucoseuptakewasreducedinthosewithAD.”这是一个患有老年痴呆症降