完整版人教版英语必修四课文电子版docx.docx

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完整版人教版英语必修四课文电子版docx

Unit1Womenofachievement

Reading

ASTUDENTOFAFRICANWILDLIFE

Itis5:

45amandthesunisjustrisingoverGombeNationalParkinEastAfrica.

FollowingJane’swayofstudyingchimps,ourgroupareallgoingtovisitthemintheforest.Janehasstudiedthesefamiliesofchimpsformanyyearsandhelpedpeopleunderstandhowmuchtheybehavelikehumans.Watchingafamilyofchimpswakeupisourfirstactivityoftheday.Thismeansgoingbacktotheplacewhereweleftthefamilysleepinginatreethenightbefore.Everybodysitsandwaitsintheshadeofthetreeswhilethefamilybeingstowakeupandmoveoff.Thenwefollowastheywanderintotheforest.Mostofthetime,chimpseitherfeedorcleaneachotherasawayofshowingloveintheirfamily.Janewarnsusthatourgroupisgoingtobeverytiredanddirtybytheafternoonandsheisright.

However,theeveningmakesitallworthwhile.Wewatchthemotherchimpandherbabiesplayinthetree.Themweseethemgotosleeptogetherintheirnestforthenight.Werealizethatthebondbetweenmembersofachimpfamilyisaslongasinahumanfamily.

NobodybeforeJanefullyunderstoodchimpbehaviour.Shespentyearsobservingandrecordingtheirdailyactivities.Sinceherchildhoodshehadwantedtoworkwithanimalsintheirownenvironment.However,thiswasnoteasy.WhenshefirstarrivedinGombein1960,itwasunusualforawomantoliveintheforest.Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.Herworkchangedthewaypeoplethinkaboutchimps.Forexample,oneimportantthingshediscoveredwasthatchimpshuntandeatmeat.Untiltheneveryonehadthoughtchimpsateonlyfruitandnuts.Sheactuallyobservedchimpsasagrouphuntingamonkeyandtheneatingit.Shealsodiscoveredhowchimpscommunicatewitheachother,andherstudyoftheirbodylanguagehelpedherworkouttheirsocialsystem.

FourfortyyearsJaneGoodallhasbeenoutspokenaboutmakingtherestoftheworld

understandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals.Shehasarguedthatwildanimalsshouldbe

leftinthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.

Shehashelpedtosetup

specialplaceswheretheycanlivesafely.

Sheisleadingabusylifebutshesays:

OnceI

“

stop,itallcomescrowdinginandIrememberthechimpsinlaboratories.It’sterrible.It

affectsmewhenIwatchthewildchimps.

Isaytomyself,

‘Aren’ttheyAndluck?

thenI

’

thinkaboutsmallchimpsincagesthoughtheyhavedonenothingwrong.Onceyouhave

seenthatyoucanneverforget”

⋯

Shehasachievedeverythingshewantedtodo:

workingwithanimalsintheirown

environment,gainingadoctor’sdegreeandshowingthatwomeniveinthecanforestlasmencan.Sheinspiresthosewhowanttocheertheachievementofwomen.

Usinglanguage

WHYNOTCARRYONHERGOODWORD?

IenjoyedEnglish,biology,andchemistryatschool,butwhichoneshouldIchoosetostudyatuniversity?

IdidnotknowtheansweruntiloneeveningwhenIsatdownatthecomputertodosomeresearchongreatwomenofChina.

BychanceIcameacrossanarticleaboutadoctorcalledLinQiaozhi,aspecialistinwomen’sdiseases.Shelivedfrom1901to1983.Itseemedthatshehadbeenverybusyinherchosencareer,travelingabroadtostudyaswellaswritingbooksandarticles.Oneofthemcaughtmyeye.Iwasasmallbookexplaininghowtocutthedeathratefromhavingandcaringforbabies.Shegavesomesimplerulestofollowforkeepingbabiesclean,healthyandfreefromsickness.Whydidshewritethat?

WhowerethewomenthatLinQiaozhithoughtneededthisadvice？

Ilookedcarefullyatthetextandrealizedthatitwasintendedforwomeninthecountryside.Perhapsiftheyhadanemergencytheycouldnotreachadoctor.

Suddenlyithitmehowdifficultitwasforawomantogetmedicaltrainingatthattime.

Thatwasagenerationwhengirl’seducationwasalwaysplacedsecondWastoboyssheso’.

muchclevererthananyoneelse?

Furtherreadingmademerealizethatitwashardworkand

determinationaswellashergentlenaturethatgotherintomedicalschool.Whatmadeher

succeedlateronwasthekindnessandconsiderationsheshowedtoallherpatients.There

wasstoryafterstoryofhowLinQiaozhi,tiredafteraday’swork,wentlateatnighttodeli

ababyforapoorfamilywhocouldnotpayher.

BynowIcouldnotwaittofindoutmoreabouther.IdiscoveredthatLinQiaozhihad

devotedherwholdlifetoherpatientsandhadchosennottohaveafamilyofherown.

Insteadshemadesurethatabout50,000babiesweresafelydelivered.BythistimeIwas

veryexcited.WhynotstudyatmedicalcollegelikeLinQiaozhiandcarryonhergoodwork?

Itwasstillnottoolateformetoimprovemystudies,preparefortheuniversityentrance

examinations,and⋯

Unit2

Workingtheland

APILNEERFORALLPEOPLE

AlthoughheisoneofChina’smostfamousscientists,YuanLongpingconsidersimelfah

farmer,forheworksthelandtodohisresearch.Indeed,hissunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim,strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,forwhomhehasstruggledforthepastfivedecades.DrYuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsuperhybridrice.In1974,hebecamethefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowrichthathasahighoutput.Thisspecialstrainofricemakesitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.Nowmorethan60%ofthericeproducedinChinaeachyearisfromthishybridstrain.

Bornin1930,DrYuangraduatedfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953.Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.Asayoungman,hesawthe

greatneedforincreasingthericeoutput.Atthattime,hungerwasadisturbingprobleminmanypartsofthecountryside.DrYuansearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.In1950,Chinesefarmerscouldproduceonlyfiftymilliontonsofrice.Inarecentharvest,however,nearlytwohundredmilliontonsofricewas

produced.Theseincreasedharvestsmeanthat22%fotheworld’speoplearefedfromjust7%ofthefarmlandinChina.DrYuanisnowcirculatinghisknowledgeinIndia,Vietnamandmanyotherlessdevelopedcountriestoincreasetheirriceharvests.Thankstohisresearch,theUNhasmoretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducingharveststwiceaslargeasbefore.

DrYuanisquitesatisfiedwithhislife.However,hedoesn’tcareaboutbeingfamous.

Hefeelsitgiveshimlessfreedomtodohisresearch.Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbies.Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading.Spendingmoneyonhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.

Indeed,hebelievesthatapersonwithtoomuchmoneyhasmoreratherthanfewertroubles.

Hethereforegivesmillionsofyuantoequipothersfortheirresearchinagriculture.

Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.LongagoDrYuanhadadreamaboutriceplantsastallasapeanut.DrYuanawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeople.Now,manyyearslater,DrYuanhasanotherdream:

toexporthisricesothatitcanbegrownaroundtheglobe.Onedreamisnotalwaysenough,especiallyforapersonwholovesandcaresforhispeople.

UsingLanguage

CHEMICALORORGANICFARMING?

Overthepasthalfcentury,usingchemicalfertilizershasbecomeverycommoninfarming.

Manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytostopcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.

Recently,however,scientistshavebeenfindingthatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscan

causedamagetothelandand,evenmoredangerous,topeople’shealth.

Whataresomeoftheproblemscausedbychemicalfertilizers?

First,theydamagethelandbykillingthehelpfulbacteriaandpestsaswellastheharmfulones.Chemicalsalso

stayinthegroundandundergroundwaterforalingtime.Thisaffectscropsand,therefore,animalsandhumans,sincechemicalsgetinsidethecropsandcannotjustbewashedoff.

Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeopleime’.sManybodiesofoverthese

chemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.Inaddition,fruit,vegetablesandotherfood

grownwithchemicalfertilizersusuallygrowtoofasttobefullofmuchnutrition.Theymaylookbeautiful,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanvitaminsandminerals.

Withthesediscoveries,somefarmersandmanycustomersarebeginningtoturntoorganicfarming.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Theyfocuson

keepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.Ahealthysoilreducesdiseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy.Organicfarmers,therefore,oftenpreferusingnaturalwastefromanimalsasfertilizer.Theyfeelthatthismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinmineralsandsomorefertile.Thisalsokeepstheair,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.

Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstokeepthesoilfertile.Theyoftenchangethekindofcropineachfieldeveryfewyears,forexample,growingcornorwheatandthenthenextyearpeasorsoybeans.Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil,makingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.Organicfarmersalsoplantcropstousedifferentlevelsofsoil,forexample,plantingpeanuts

thatusetheground’ssurfacefollowedbyvegetablesthatputdowndeepSrootsme.

organicfarmerspreferplantinggrassbetweencropstopreventwindorwaterfromcarryingawaythes