英语高考英语阅读理解教育文化练习题及答案及解析.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解教育文化练习题及答案及解析
（英语）高考英语阅读理解（教育文化）练习题及答案及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类
1．阅读理解
AsaFulbright（富布莱特法案基金）scholaratYale,Iwantedverymuchtogetsomeindividualhelpfromsomefamousprofessors,buttheiroffice-hourswereonlyonceaweekandtherewerealwaysstudentswaitingoutside.Atfirst,Iwastoopolitetogettheirhelp.ThenIrealizedthatChinesepolitenessdoesnotworkinthissociety.IneededtobeaggressivetogetwhatIwanted.IalsonoticedthatChinesestudentsorAsianstudentswereverypoliteinclasswhileAmericanstudentsofteninterruptedtheprofessor,askingquestionsanddominatingthediscussion.TheChinesestudentswerenotasaggressiveasAmericanstudents.
Iwasimpressedbytheroleoftheprofessorintheclass.Theprofessordidn'tactasanauthority,givingfinalconclusions,butasaresearcherlookingforanswerstoquestionstogetherwiththestudents.Onelinguisticfeatureofhisinteractingwithhisstudentswasthatheusedmanymodalverbs-farmorethanIdidinBeiwai.Whenansweringquestions,heusuallysaid:
"thisismypersonalopinionanditcouldbewrong.ItwouldbeagoodideaifyoucouldreadthebookImentionedtheotherday."Or,"YoumayfindthebookIrecommendedhelpful."Or,"Youcouldberight,butyoumightfindthispointofviewalsointeresting."Whenmakingcommentsonstudents'performances,theprofessorusuallysaid:
"Itmighthavebeenmuchclearerifyouhadtakeninsomeoftheideaswediscussedearlierthissemester."
InChina,authoritiesarealwayssupposedtogivewisedecisionsandcorrectdirections.Thereforestudentsalwaysexpecttheprofessortogiveananswertothequestion.Istillrememberhowannoyedtheywerewhenforeignteachersdidnotprovidesuchananswer.TheirexpectationsfromauthoritiesaremuchhigherthanthoseofAmericanstudents.OncetheChinesestudentsgottheanswer,theyweresureaboutit.ThatiswhytheymakefarmorecertainstatementthanAmericanstudents.ThatiswhyChinesestudentsfinditdifficulttousemodalverbsbecausethefunctionofmodalverbsistoprovideroomfornegotiationanddifferentideas.
（1）TheAmericanprofessorsusemanymodalverbsbecausetheywantto______.
A. arguewiththeirstudents
B. bemoresureabouttheiranswers
C. expresstheirideasmoreclearly
D. developtheirstudents'ownwayofthinking
（2）Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressestheauthor'sidea?
A. Chineseprofessorscanalwaysgivecorrectanswertothequestion.
B. Americanprofessorsarenotresponsiblesincetheydon'tgivestudentsanswers.
C. Americaneducationproducesaggressivestudents.
D. EducationinChinaisnothelpfulindevelopingstudents'creativity.
（3）Whichofthefollowingmethodsdidtheauthormainlyemployindevelopingthearticle?
A. Comparisonandcontrast.
B. Causeandeffect.
C. Givingexamples.
D. Description.
（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardseducationinU.S.?
A. Positive B. Negative C. Neutral D. Unsure
【答案】
（1）D
（2）D
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】文章描述中西方不同的文化背景下，学生的学习方式和表达方式的不同。
（1）推理判断题。
根据第二段的内容Theprofessordidn'tactasanauthority,givingfinalconclusions,butasaresearcherlookingforanswerstoquestionstogetherwiththestudents.教授并不作为权威，给出最后答案，而是作为研究者，和学生一起寻找问题的答案。
下句说到他们和学生交流的语言特征是使用很多的情态动词，并举了很多例句，因此可推断美国教授这样做是为了发展学生自己的思维方式。
故选D。
（2）推理判断题。
根据最后一段中作者的描述，中国学生总是期待教授给出问题的答案，他们对权威的期待比美国学生高的多，一旦中国学生得到答案，他们就很确定。
可推断中国教育对发展学生的创造力是没有帮助的。
故选D。
（3）细节理解题。
通读全文可知，文章通过比较和对比来说明中西方学生的学习方式和教育方式的不同。
故选A。
（4）细节理解题。
作者只是通过比较和对比来描述中西方学生的学习方式和教育方式的不同，并没有对美国教育加以评论，故作者对美国教育的态度是中立的。
故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解，涉及推理判断题和细节理解题。
推理判断题要注意联系上下文，推断出所需信息；细节理解题要注意仔细阅读文章，从文中找出所需答案。
2．阅读理解
Inordertolearnaforeignlanguagewell,fourthingsarenecessary.First,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehearitspoken.Secondly,wemustbeabletospeakitourselves,withconfidenceandwithouthesitation（犹豫）.Thirdly,wemustdomuchreading.Finally,wemustbeabletowriteit.Wemustbeabletomakesentencesthatarecorrectingrammar.
Therearenoshortcutstosuccessinlanguagelearning.Agoodmemoryisagreathelp,butitisnotenoughonlytomemorizetherulesfromagrammarbook.Itisnotmuchlearningbyheartlonglistsofwordsandtheirmeanings,studyingthedictionaryandsoon.Wemustlearnbyusingthelanguage.
Ifwearepleasedwithafewruleswehavememorized,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.Wemust"learnthroughuse."Practiceisimportant.Wemustpractisespeakingandwritingthelanguagewheneverwecan.
（1）Themostimportantthingstolearnaforeignlanguageare .
A. understandingandspeaking
B. Listening,speaking,readingandwriting
C. writingandunderstanding
D. memorizingandlistening
（2）SomeonehearsandwritesEnglishverywell,buthespeaksitverybadly.Thisisbecause .
A.hedoesn'tunderstandthelanguagewhenhehearsitspoken
B.hedoesn'thaveagoodmemory
C.healwaysrememberslistsofwordsandtheirmeanings
D.heoftenhesitates（犹豫）topractisespeakingit
（3）Onecanneverlearnaforeignlanguagewellby .
A.doingmuchpractice
B.studyingthedictionary
C.learningthroughuse
D.usingthelanguage
（4）Whichisthemostimportantinlearningaforeignlanguage?
A.goodmemory.
B.Speaking.
C.Practice.
D.Writing.
【答案】
（1）B
（2）D
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了学习一门语言的基本方法和根本方法。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的”Inordertoknowaforeignlanguagethoroughly（完全地），fourthingsarenecessary.“为了完全了解一门外语，要做好四个方面的准备，故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的”Secondly，wemustbeabletospeakitourselves，withconfidenceandwithouthesitation.“第二，我们必须要自己会说，带着自信而且毫不犹豫。
推断有些人说不好，是因为在说这方面，他有犹豫要不要练习说这门语言，故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的”Agoodmemoryisagreathelp，butitisnotenoughonlytomemorizetherulesfromagrammarbook.“好的记忆力是会很有帮助，但是光从语法书上记忆语法规则是不够的；以及第三段中的”Ifwearepleasedwithafewruleswehavememorized，wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.Wemust"learnthroughuse."Practiceisimportant.“如果我们对于记点语法规则就很满足，但在并不是真正在学语言。
我们必须通过使用它来学这门语言。
所以选B。
（4）考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的”Practiceisimportant.Wemustpractisespeakingandwritingthelanguagewheneverwecan.“练习非常重要。
我们必须尽可能地练习说和写一门语言，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
AHarvardstudyoftheirgraduatesoverthirtyyearsfoundthattherewereonlyasmallpercentage（3%）ofthemwhoactuallywrotedowntheirgoals-andthesewerethemostsuccessful!
Youcanbecertainthateveryoneofthosestudentshadrepeatedlyheardthevalueofgoalsetting.Yetonly3%actuallywrotedowntheirgoalsconsistently.Imaginewhatyoucandoifyoubothwritedownyourgoalsand,then,focusonthemconsistently,untiltheyareaccomplished!
Whatisitthatcausesthe"NewYear'sResolutionSyndrome"?
Peoplemakeresolutions,workhardatthemforafewweeks,maybeevenafewmonths,andthenforgetthem.Nextyear,theymakethesameNewYear'sresolutions.Thatisthesyndrome.Sowhydosomanypeopledoit?
Theymaybemakinggoalsthataretooglobal,andtoounrealistic.Theelephantanalogy（比喻）isstillthebestoneIknowoftoillustrategoodgoalsetting."Howdoyoueatanelephant?
Onespoonfulatatime."Soitiswithgoals.Makespoonsizegoalsandaccomplishthemeasily.Onceyou'vemasteredthis,getabiggerspoon!
Youmayhavetoomanypeopleinyourlifewhoconsciouslyorsubconsciouslyareunwillingorunabletosupportyoutoreachyourgoals.Surroundyourselfwithpeoplewhowantyoutohavewhatyouwantforyourself.Supporteachotherandyou'llallachieveyourhighestgoals.
Wemustbecarefulnottoconfusebusynesswithprogress.Beselectiveabouthowyouuseyourtimeandwhatyoufocuson.Successoftencomeswhenyouknowwhattoleaveout,ratherthanwhattoincludeinyourlife.
Goalsettingislikethepigandchickenwhowereoutforawalkintownearlyonemorning.Thechickenbecamereallyexcitedwhenshesawasignthatsaid"Ham&Eggs,$2.99".Shesaidtothepig,"Look,we'vegotdoublebillingagain."Thepiggruntedandsaid,"That'sallrightforyoutosay.Foryou,it'sallinaday'swork.Forme,it'stotalcommitment."Goalsettingisallinaday'swork.Goalachievementistotalcommitment.
（1）WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?
A.FewHarvardstudentsknowtheimportanceofsettinggoals.
B.Writingdowngoalsisunhelpfulinachievingthem.
C.AverysmallpercentageofHarvardstudentscansucceed.
D.Keepingworkingongoalseventuallyleadstovictory.
（2）WhatcanweknowaboutNewYear'sresolutions?
A.Theyarereallydifficulttoachieve.
B.Mostpeoplegivethemuphalfway.
C.Theyshouldbedifferentfromyeartoyear.
D.Mostpeoplemakenoefforttoachievethem.
（3）Accordingtotheelephantanalogy,whensettinggoals,weshould .
A.askforothers'advice
B.setgreatandworthygoals
C.breakabiggoalintosmallerpieces
D.refertothegoalswesetearlier
（4）Whatdoesthestoryofthepigandchickenimply?
A.Romeisnotbuiltinoneday.
B.Whenthecatisaway,themicewillplay.
C.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.
D.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.
（5）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?
A.Goalsonlyworkwhenyoudo!
B.Surroundingscontributetosuccess!
C.WaystomakeNewYear'sresolutions
D.Suggestionsforsettingrealisticgoals
【答案】
（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
（5）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述只有很少的人能够坚持写下自己的目标，而这部分人是最成功的，同时也说明了实现目标需要注意的几个方面：
第一，学会分解目标；第二，找到能够支持自己的人；第三，不要混淆忙碌与进步；第四，目标设定很容易，但是实现目标是一个长期的过程。
（1）考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“AHarvardstudyoftheirgraduatesoverthirtyyearsfoundthattherewereonlyasmallpercen
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