定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习.docx

上传人:b****7 文档编号:25997167 上传时间:2023-06-17 格式:DOCX 页数:15 大小:27.07KB
下载 相关 举报
定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习.docx_第1页
第1页 / 共15页
定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习.docx_第2页
第2页 / 共15页
定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习.docx_第3页
第3页 / 共15页
定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习.docx_第4页
第4页 / 共15页
定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习.docx_第5页
第5页 / 共15页
点击查看更多>>
下载资源
资源描述

定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习.docx

《定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习.docx(15页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。

定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习.docx

定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习

定语从句一

(关系代词的用法)

一.定语从句概念

1.定语从句:

修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面

2.先行词:

被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。

3.关系词:

引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词。

关系词有关系:

有,,,,,笠;

关系:

有,,。

关系词常有3个作用:

①引导定语从句。

②代替先行词。

③在定语从句中充当一个成分。

注意:

根据先行词与定语从句之间有无逗号隔开,定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

形式

不用逗号和主句隔升

用逗号和主句隔升

意义

是先仃词不可缺少的正语,不能删除是对先仃

词的补充说明

删除后意思仍完整

译法

翻译成先行词的定语,“••的…”

通常翻译成主句的并列句

限制性定语从句举例:

(1)TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.

(2)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.

非限制性定语从句举例:

(1)Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.

(2)China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.

要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.

他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。

(他还有其他的哥哥)

(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.

他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。

(他只有一个哥哥)

二.引导定语从句的关系代词

1.who指,在从句中充当

(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.

(3)InthemeetingIsawMr.SmithwhoImetinmybirthdayparty.

2.whom指在定语从句中充当,常可省略。

(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.

(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.

注意:

关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.

3.which指,在定语从句中做^者,做0寸可省略

(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.

(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.

4.that指人时,相当于者;指物时,相当于。

在定语从句中做

或者,做时可省略。

(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.

(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?

5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做

(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

=Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

=Theclassroom,ofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

【详细讲解】

I.关系代词that和which的用法

(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况:

1.当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除夕卜),few,all,none,little,some等不定代词时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,muc晦修饰时

(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?

(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.

(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.

2.当先行词被序数词修饰

(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.

3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.

4.当形容词被thevery,theonly,just修饰时

(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,

(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.

5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时

(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?

⑵WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?

6.当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时

(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?

(2)当先行词指事/物时,定语从句中关系代词必须用which的情况:

1.在非限制性定语从句中,只用which

(1)Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,whichmadetheothersenvyhim.

(2)Healwaysstaysathomeatweekend,whichhisbrotherthinksisunbelievable.

2.当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which

(1)ThisisahouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.

注意:

在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。

(2)Thisisthepenwhich(/that)I'mlookingfor.

(3)关系代词who,whom和whose的用法

1.先行词指人,在从句中作主语时,用who;

(1)Sheisthegirlwho/thatlivesnextdoor.

2.当先行词为those时,用who;

(2)Thosewhowilljoininmybirthdaypartyaremybestfriends.

3.在Therebe句型中主语作为先行词指人时,用who;

(3)Thereisagreatmanwhosavedhiscountrywithhispartners.

4.先行词指人,在从句中作宾语时,可以用whom和who;

(4)Thatsthegirlwhom/who/thatIteach.

5.在定语从句中做定语时,用whoseo

(5)Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.

(6)Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.

n.关系代词as引导的定语从句

关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句,as在从句中做

主语、宾语或表语。

(一)引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式:

1.such+名词+as…像一样的,像之类的

thesame+名词+as…和同样的

其中关系代词as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。

(1)Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.

(2)Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.

(3)Heisnotthesamemanashewastenyearsago.

注意:

such・・・as・••引导的定语从句与such・・・that…引导的状语从句的区别:

(1)Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.

(2)Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.

2.-suchas・・

such为代词,意为“这样的人或物”;as在从句中作成分,修饰先行词such。

(1)ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.

(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句的区别

as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。

具体情况是:

1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。

(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.

(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.

2.as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;

as有正如……,正像……”的意思

which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

意为“这一点”。

(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.

(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.

(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.

(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdonbelieve.'t

注意:

当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which;

(5)Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.

当非限制性定语从句的宾语是一个复合结构时,只能用which。

(6)Bettyalwaystellsalie,whichherparentsfindstrange.

3.当先行词受such,thesame修饰时,常用as

(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.

(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.

注意:

当先行次由thesame修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.

她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore也穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

专项练习1

用that,which,who,whom,whose,as填空

1.Isthereanythingyoudon'tunderstandabouttheproblem?

2.Allthepresentsyourfriendsgaveyouonyourbirthdayshouldbe

putaway.

3.Thenumberofpeoplelosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.

4.Hewaslatefortheopeningceremony,wasverysurprisingtome.

5.Thosecutdownthetreesshouldbepunished.

6.Thisissointerestingabookwealllike.

7.HegavemesomenovelswithIamnotveryfamiliar.

8.Therearemanychildrenareplayingtoysontheplayground.

9.Heisnolongertheoneheusedtobe.

10.Theriverbanksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.

11.Jackhaswonthefirstprize,oftenhappens.

12.TheworstmatterI'mafraidofhappenedintheend.

13.Hefailedtomakehisplanontime,whichwasstrangeforhisboss.

14.ThisistheverybookIhavebeenlookingfor.

15.Thisteacher,withsonIwork,islikedbyallthestudents.

仿写练习

组句:

将下面句子连成一句话。

1.Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.

2.ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.

3.Shewastalkingwithalady.Hersonwasill.

4.Theclotheshavebeencleaned.Imwearingthem.

5.Heissittinginachair.Itisbroken.

强化训练

把下列中文用定语从句翻译成英文。

1.他在中国参观的第一个博物馆是历史博物馆。

2.你有任何关于这个主题的信息都发给我吧。

3.不到长城非好汉。

4.那条两边都是树的河一直流向海洋。

5.妈妈给我买了台电脑作为生日礼物,这正是我所渴望的

6.掌握一门外语很有用,这是大家公认的。

定语从句二

(介词+关系代词的用法)

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.

(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.

(5)We'llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/wwehaveoftentalkedabout.

(6)We'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.

注意:

1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:

lookfor,lookafter,takecare

of等

(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)

(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)

2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;

指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose.

(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)

(2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F)

(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)

(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)

(5)Tom,onwhosebikeIwenttoschoolisafriendofmine.(T)

3.介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few代词或者数词

(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.

(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.

(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.

4.复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句,这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开,定语从句常用倒装语序。

Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.

总结:

判断介词的方法有以下三种:

(1)看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配)

(2)先行词放在从句中需不需要添介词

(3)通过整个句子整体含义来判断

专项练习2

用”介词+关系代词”填空

1.Theyheldameeting,thehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.

2.Thebook,hepaid6yuan,isworthreading.

3.IsthisthemanhousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?

4.WuDong,Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.

5.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.

单项选择

6.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuildingthereisawell?

A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhose

C.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich

7.Thewomanmybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.

A.whoB.towhomC.towhoD.whom

8.Hisglasses,hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.

A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that

9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,writeswell.

A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhich

C.noneofthemD.neitherofthem

10.TheSecondWorldWarmillionsofpeoplewerekilledwasin1945.

A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich

11.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,wasveryreasonable.

A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhich

C.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose

12.Thedictionary,Ipaid80dollars,wasstolen.

A.whichB.thatC.forwhichD.towhich

13.GrandmaLianghastwosons,aresoldiers.

A.twoofwhomB.whomC.bothofwhomD.oneofthem

14.Hearrivedhalfanhourlate,madeuseunhappy.

A.thatB.asC.whatD.which

15.Jane,sistersarefamousmodelsintheworld,willattendthe

importantceremony.

A.withwhoB.withwhich

仿写练习

用介词+关系代词的形式把下列句子翻译成英文。

1.Jim是我的外教,从他身上我学到了很多有用的东西。

2.我喜欢窗子朝南的房子。

3.他给了我几本我不太熟悉的歌曲

4.中国有许多大河流,其中长江和黄河是最重要的河流。

5.他有两个兄弟,没有一个是教师。

综合强化训练

1.Itisbynomeansclearthepresi

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 人文社科 > 军事政治

copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有

经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1