定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习.docx
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定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习
定语从句一
(关系代词的用法)
一.定语从句概念
1.定语从句:
修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面
2.先行词:
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
3.关系词:
引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词。
关系词有关系:
有,,,,,笠;
关系:
有,,。
关系词常有3个作用:
①引导定语从句。
②代替先行词。
③在定语从句中充当一个成分。
注意:
根据先行词与定语从句之间有无逗号隔开,定语从句分为限制性和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式
不用逗号和主句隔升
用逗号和主句隔升
意义
是先仃词不可缺少的正语,不能删除是对先仃
词的补充说明
删除后意思仍完整
译法
翻译成先行词的定语,“••的…”
通常翻译成主句的并列句
限制性定语从句举例:
(1)TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.
(2)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.
非限制性定语从句举例:
(1)Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
(2)China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。
(他还有其他的哥哥)
(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。
(他只有一个哥哥)
二.引导定语从句的关系代词
1.who指,在从句中充当
(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
(3)InthemeetingIsawMr.SmithwhoImetinmybirthdayparty.
2.whom指在定语从句中充当,常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.
(2)Mr.LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指,在定语从句中做^者,做0寸可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.
4.that指人时,相当于者;指物时,相当于。
在定语从句中做
或者,做时可省略。
(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.
(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroom,thedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroom,ofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
【详细讲解】
I.关系代词that和which的用法
(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况:
1.当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除夕卜),few,all,none,little,some等不定代词时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,muc晦修饰时
(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?
(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.
(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.
2.当先行词被序数词修饰
(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.
4.当形容词被thevery,theonly,just修饰时
(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,
(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.
5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时
(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
⑵WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
6.当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时
(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?
(2)当先行词指事/物时,定语从句中关系代词必须用which的情况:
1.在非限制性定语从句中,只用which
(1)Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,whichmadetheothersenvyhim.
(2)Healwaysstaysathomeatweekend,whichhisbrotherthinksisunbelievable.
2.当动词短语中的介词提前时,只用which
(1)ThisisahouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.
注意:
在一些固定搭配的动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。
(2)Thisisthepenwhich(/that)I'mlookingfor.
(3)关系代词who,whom和whose的用法
1.先行词指人,在从句中作主语时,用who;
(1)Sheisthegirlwho/thatlivesnextdoor.
2.当先行词为those时,用who;
(2)Thosewhowilljoininmybirthdaypartyaremybestfriends.
3.在Therebe句型中主语作为先行词指人时,用who;
(3)Thereisagreatmanwhosavedhiscountrywithhispartners.
4.先行词指人,在从句中作宾语时,可以用whom和who;
(4)Thatsthegirlwhom/who/thatIteach.
5.在定语从句中做定语时,用whoseo
(5)Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.
(6)Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.
n.关系代词as引导的定语从句
关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句,as在从句中做
主语、宾语或表语。
(一)引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式:
1.such+名词+as…像一样的,像之类的
thesame+名词+as…和同样的
其中关系代词as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
(1)Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.
(2)Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.
(3)Heisnotthesamemanashewastenyearsago.
注意:
such・・・as・••引导的定语从句与such・・・that…引导的状语从句的区别:
(1)Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.
(2)Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.
2.-suchas・・
such为代词,意为“这样的人或物”;as在从句中作成分,修饰先行词such。
(1)ThisbookisnotsuchasIexpect.
(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句的区别
as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。
具体情况是:
1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。
(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.
(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.
2.as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;
as有正如……,正像……”的意思
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
意为“这一点”。
(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.
(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.
(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdonbelieve.'t
注意:
当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which;
(5)Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.
当非限制性定语从句的宾语是一个复合结构时,只能用which。
(6)Bettyalwaystellsalie,whichherparentsfindstrange.
3.当先行词受such,thesame修饰时,常用as
(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.
(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.
注意:
当先行次由thesame修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary'swedding.
她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore也穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
专项练习1
用that,which,who,whom,whose,as填空
1.Isthereanythingyoudon'tunderstandabouttheproblem?
2.Allthepresentsyourfriendsgaveyouonyourbirthdayshouldbe
putaway.
3.Thenumberofpeoplelosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.
4.Hewaslatefortheopeningceremony,wasverysurprisingtome.
5.Thosecutdownthetreesshouldbepunished.
6.Thisissointerestingabookwealllike.
7.HegavemesomenovelswithIamnotveryfamiliar.
8.Therearemanychildrenareplayingtoysontheplayground.
9.Heisnolongertheoneheusedtobe.
10.Theriverbanksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.
11.Jackhaswonthefirstprize,oftenhappens.
12.TheworstmatterI'mafraidofhappenedintheend.
13.Hefailedtomakehisplanontime,whichwasstrangeforhisboss.
14.ThisistheverybookIhavebeenlookingfor.
15.Thisteacher,withsonIwork,islikedbyallthestudents.
仿写练习
组句:
将下面句子连成一句话。
1.Aplaneisamachine.Themachinecanfly.
2.ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.
3.Shewastalkingwithalady.Hersonwasill.
4.Theclotheshavebeencleaned.Imwearingthem.
5.Heissittinginachair.Itisbroken.
强化训练
把下列中文用定语从句翻译成英文。
1.他在中国参观的第一个博物馆是历史博物馆。
2.你有任何关于这个主题的信息都发给我吧。
3.不到长城非好汉。
4.那条两边都是树的河一直流向海洋。
5.妈妈给我买了台电脑作为生日礼物,这正是我所渴望的
6.掌握一门外语很有用,这是大家公认的。
定语从句二
(介词+关系代词的用法)
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.
(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.
(5)We'llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/wwehaveoftentalkedabout.
(6)We'llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.
注意:
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:
lookfor,lookafter,takecare
of等
(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)
(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;
指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose.
(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)
(2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F)
(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)
(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)
(5)Tom,onwhosebikeIwenttoschoolisafriendofmine.(T)
3.介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few代词或者数词
(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.
(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
4.复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句,这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开,定语从句常用倒装语序。
Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.
总结:
判断介词的方法有以下三种:
(1)看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配)
(2)先行词放在从句中需不需要添介词
(3)通过整个句子整体含义来判断
专项练习2
用”介词+关系代词”填空
1.Theyheldameeting,thehospitaldirectormadeaspeech.
2.Thebook,hepaid6yuan,isworthreading.
3.IsthisthemanhousethepolicefoundthelostcolouredTV?
4.WuDong,Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.
5.ThestoriesaboutLongMarch,thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.
单项选择
6.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuildingthereisawell?
A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhose
C.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich
7.Thewomanmybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.
A.whoB.towhomC.towhoD.whom
8.Hisglasses,hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.
A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that
9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,writeswell.
A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhich
C.noneofthemD.neitherofthem
10.TheSecondWorldWarmillionsofpeoplewerekilledwasin1945.
A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich
11.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,wasveryreasonable.
A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhich
C.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose
12.Thedictionary,Ipaid80dollars,wasstolen.
A.whichB.thatC.forwhichD.towhich
13.GrandmaLianghastwosons,aresoldiers.
A.twoofwhomB.whomC.bothofwhomD.oneofthem
14.Hearrivedhalfanhourlate,madeuseunhappy.
A.thatB.asC.whatD.which
15.Jane,sistersarefamousmodelsintheworld,willattendthe
importantceremony.
A.withwhoB.withwhich
仿写练习
用介词+关系代词的形式把下列句子翻译成英文。
1.Jim是我的外教,从他身上我学到了很多有用的东西。
2.我喜欢窗子朝南的房子。
3.他给了我几本我不太熟悉的歌曲
4.中国有许多大河流,其中长江和黄河是最重要的河流。
5.他有两个兄弟,没有一个是教师。
综合强化训练
1.Itisbynomeansclearthepresi