高考冲刺山东新高考英语模拟猜题专项汇编5阅读理解五科教科普类.docx

高考冲刺山东新高考英语模拟猜题专项汇编5阅读理解五科教科普类.docx

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高考冲刺山东新高考英语模拟猜题专项汇编5阅读理解五科教科普类

阅读理解（五）科教科普类

1、Whatexactlyisintelligence?

Therearen’tanyeasyanswers.Despitetheprogressthathasbeenmadeingeneticsandpsychology,humanintelligencehasremainedoneofthemostcontroversialareasofmodernscience,untilnow,thatis,forthediscoveryofagene（基因）linkedtointelligencehasmadetheexpertsthinkagain.

RobertPlominoftheInstituteofPsychiatryinLondonandhiscolleaguesintheUShavebeenlookingintogeneticmake-up.Fromtheirresearch,theyhavediscoveredthataslightlydifferentgeneismorecommoninthosewithahighIQ.PlominanalyzedDNAfromtwogroupsof51childrenagedbetween6and15.WhathefoundwasthatthefirstgrouphadanIQof136,puttingtheminthetop5%ofthepopulation,whiletheothergrouphadanaverageIQof103.Ananalysisoftheirgenesshowedthat32%ofchildreninthehighergrouphadthegeneinquestion,whileonly16%inthesecondgroupdid.However,thereisalotmoreresearchtobedone,andPlominhimselfiscautiousatthisearlystage.Hesuggeststhatthereareprobablymanygenesthatcontributetointelligence,ratherthanjustone.

SeveralstudieshaveshownastronglinkbetweenIQandcareersuccess,althoughsomepsychologistsremainunconvincedaboutthis.ProfessorMichaelRowe,whohaswrittenabookcalledGeniusExplained,isoneofthese.“ThepeoplewiththehighestIQsarenotusuallytheoneswhodobestintheircareers.”

Manypsychologistsnowbelievethatwhenitcomestointelligence,IQisn’teverything.Manyalternativeviewshavebeenputforwardrecently.Oneexampleistheideaofmultipleintelligences,whichwasdevelopedinthe1980sbyHarvardpsychologistHowardGardner.ThisoffersamuchbroaderviewthantheIQtheory,includingcreativityandcommunicationskillsasrelevantfactors（因素）inintelligence.

TonyBuzan,brainexpertandauthorofMasteryourMemory,isenthusiasticaboutthisbelief,arguingthattruegeniuses（天才）doindeedappeartocombinehighlevelsofeachtypeofintelligence.HelistsAlexandertheGreat,PabloPicassoandAlbertEinsteinasexamples.Atthesametime,Buzanbelievesthateveryonecandeveloptheirintelligence,onlyiftheytakethetroubletoexercisetheirbrain.Perhapsthere’shopeforusall!

1.Whatisthetopicofthepassage?

A.Therelationshipbetweengenesandintelligence.

B.IQbenefitsalotfromhighintelligence.

C.Howtodevelopintelligence.

D.Whatmakesintelligence.

2.WhydoestheauthorusedatainParagraph2?

A.Tomakeasuggestion.B.Todrawaconclusion.

C.Toproveanidea.D.Togiveanexample.

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.RobertPlominconfirmsgeneshavesomethingincommon.

B.HowardGardnerthinksintelligenceincludesvariousfactors.

C.MichaelRoweapprovesofastronglinkbetweenIQandcareer.

D.TonyBuzanagreesgeniusesexercisebraintoimproveintelligence.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph4referto?

A.Thedevelopmentofintelligence.B.Theideaofmultipleintelligences.

C.IQisn’teverythingforintelligence.D.Alternativeviewshavebeenputforward.

2、Yourcolleague’ssharpcommentkeepsreplayinginyourmind.Twoofyourstudentsaretrappedina“hesaid/shesaid”battle.Whenyoureflectonyouremotionalreactions,yousometimesgetcaughtupincyclesofnegativefeelings,whichcanmakeyoufeelevenworse.Ifso,theanswermaylieinaskillcalled“self-distancing”,theabilitytotakeastepbackandviewyourselfmoreobjectively.Accordingtoaresearch,whenpeopleadoptself-distancingwhilediscussingadifficultevent,theymakebettersenseoftheirreactions,experiencelessemotionalsuffering,anddisplayfewersignsofstress.

Butwhatmightself-distancinglooklikeinaction?

Consideratypical“hesaid/shesaid”studentconflictwheretheyareeachfocusingontheirownfeelings.Oneisthinking,“Ican'tbelievehedidthattome.”Andanotherinsists,“Shereallyhurtmyfeelings.”However,ifyouaskthemtotaketheself-distancing,theymightstepoutsideofthemselvesandaskbroaderquestions:

“Whywashesohurtinthissituation?

”or“Howdidherangeraffecthim?

”

Althoughthisapproachmaysoundtoosimpletobeeffective,studiesindicatethatachangeinpointofviewcanhaveapowerfuleffectonthewaypeoplethink,feel,andbehave.Hereareseveraldifferenttechniquesyoucantry.

First,considerhowathoughtfulfriendmightrespondafterquietlyobservingtheirsituation.Besides,avoidusingthepronoun“I”.Focusonusingthird-personpronouns,he,she,they,andtheywereabletoseethestressfuleventaschallengingratherthanthreatening.Finally,askyourself,“HowwouldIfeelaboutthisoneweekfromnowortenyearsfromnow?

”Thisformofmentaltimetravelmaybeeffectivebecauseourattentionisdirectedawayfromourimmediate,concretecircumstances.

1.Whatisself-distancing?

A.Gettingstuckinnegativeemotions.B.Astressfulsituation.

C.Astudyonrelievingemotionalstress.D.Reflectingonyourselfobjectively.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementusesthetechniquesofself-distancing?

A.I'mangrywithhim.B.Howdidthesetwopeoplegettothispoint?

C.HowIwishIcouldgobacktothepast!

D.Hegrabbedmynotes,andthen,andthen…

3.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WhySelf-distancingMattersB.TheDisadvantagesofSelf-distancing

C.BreakingtheCycleofNegativeReflectionD.WaystoReflectonEmotionalReactions

3、Itiscommonforadultstouse“babytalk”wheninteractingwithbabies.Thiswayofspeakingattemptstoimitatethesoundsbabiesmakewhentheyfirsttrytotalk.Butisthisformofcommunicationhelpfultoachild’sdevelopment?

Severalstudieshavesuggestedaclearlinkbetweenparentallanguagemethodsandachild’searlylanguagedevelopment.Studiesshowedthatlanguagelearninginbabieswasimprovedwhenparentsspokemorethanafewsimplewordsandusedawidervocabulary.Earlierresearchfoundthatthestyleofspeechusedbyparentstocommunicatewiththeirbabycouldhaveaninfluenceonlanguagedevelopment.

Onesuchspeakingstyleisknownas“parentese”.Researchhasshownthatbabiesreactbettertothiskindoflanguageinthefirstmonthsoflife.Generally,parenteseinvolvesadultsspeakinginahighervoiceandataslowerspeed.Thelanguageissimplified,whilesentencesareshortandoftenrepeated.Studiesfromthepast30yearshaveconfirmedthatbabiesspokentoinparentesedevelopedlargervocabulariesthroughoutthefirstthreeyearsoflife.

Anewstudyonthesubject,aprojectoftheUniversityofWashington’sInstituteforLearning&BrainSciences,examinedwhetherparentscanbeeffectivelytaughtmethodstoimprovetheirparenteseskills.

NajaFerjanRamírez.workingintheInstituteforLearning&BrainSciences,saidthattheparentsinvolvedintheresearchwerefirstshowntheimportanceoflanguageinputfortheirbaby’sdevelopment.Parentswerethengivensuggestionsonhowtousedifferentparentesemethods,andthenratedonhowwelltheyusedthesemethodswiththeirchild.Sheaddedthatthenewstudyisimportantbecausetherearestilla1otofparentswithlittleknowledgeabouthowtouseparentesetohelptheirchild.Thiswasonereasontheresearchersincludedparentsfromdifferentculturalandeconomicgroupings.

1.Howdoparentsusuallytalkwiththeirbabies?

A.Byspeakinginafunnystyle.B.Bycopyingbabies’sounds.

C.Byraisingspeakingspeed.D.Bywhisperinginbabies’ears.

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?

A.Babies’languageskillsaredecidedbytalent.

B.Babies’languageisimprovedbysimplewords.

C.Parentallanguagestylehelpsimprovebabies’behavior.

D.Parentallanguagemethodsaffectbabies’languagedevelopment.

3.Wherecanyoufindhowparentsweretrainedinparenteseskills?

A.Inparagraph2.B.Inparagraph3.C.Inparagraph4.D.Inparagraph5.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Communicatingwithbabiesmattersmore

B.Parenteseisagoodwaytopracticelanguage

C.Themoreparentshelp,thebetterbabieslearn

D.Speakingparentesehelpswithbabies’languagelearning

4、Woodhasmanygreatcharacteristicsthatmakeittheperfectbuildingmaterial.Itischeap,durable（耐用的）,easilyavailable,andmostimportantly,environmentallysustainable.Theonethingitisnot,istransparent（透明的）.NowthankstoateamofscientistsatStockholm’sKTHRoyalInstituteofTechnology,thematerialmayevenbeabletoaddthatfeaturetoitsalreadyimpressivelist.

LeadresearcherDr.LarsBerglundsaidhewasinspiredtocreatethetransparentwoodafterlearninghowJapaneseresearchershaddevelopedasee-throughpaperforuseinflexibledisplayscreensforelectronicdevices.Theteambeganbypullingoutthewood’slignin（木质素）.Thelignin-freewoodwasthendippedintoapolymer（聚合物）andbakedatatemperatureof158Fforfourhours.Theresultwasahybridproductthatwasnotonlystrongerandlighterthantheoriginalwoodbutalso,almosttransparent.Theresearcherswereabletoadjusttheleveloftransparencybyvaryingtheamountofthepolymerinjectedandalsobychangingthethicknessofthewood.

Whilescientistshavepreviouslycreatedasee-throughwoodforsmall-scaleapplicationslikecomputerchips,thetransparentwoodisthefirstonebeingconsideredforlargescaleapplications.Theresearchers,whorevealedtheirfindingsinBiomacromoleculesonApril11,pictureusingthetransparentwoodinbuildingstoallowformorenaturallight,ortocreatewindowsthatletinthedesiredamountoflightwithoutsacrificingprivacy.

Woodthatallowslighttopassthroughcouldleadtoabrighterfutureforhomesandbuildings.Berglundalsothinksthewoodcouldplayasignificantroleinthe