职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解专项题2.docx

职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解专项题2.docx

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职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解专项题2

2016职称英语考试《理工类》阅读理解专项题2

TheEffectsofGlobalWarmingonWeather

Therearehiddenfactorswhichscientistscall"feedbackmechanisms。

Nooneknowsquitehowtheywillinteractwiththechangingclimate.Here'soneexample:

plantsandanimalsadapttoclimatechangeovercenturies.Atthecurrentestimateofhalfadegreecentigradeofwarmingperdecade,vegetation植物maynotkeepup.ClimatologistJamesHansenpredictsclimatezoneswillshifttowardthepolesby50to75kilometresayear—fasterthantreescannaturallymigrate.Speciesthatfindthemselvesinanunfamiliarenvironmentwilldie.The1000-kilometer-widestripofforestrunningthroughCanada,theUSSRandScandinaviacouldbecutbyhalf.Millionsofdyingtreeswouldsoonleadtomassiveforestfires,releasingtonsofCO2andfurtherboostingglobalwarming.

Therearedozensofotherpossible"feedbackmechanism。

Highertemperatureswillfuelcondensationandincreasecloudiness,whichmayactuallydampdownglobalwarming.Others,likethe"albedo"effect,willdotheopposite.The"albedo"effectistheamountofsolarenergyreflectedbytheearth'ssurface.Asnortherniceandsnowmeltsandthedarkerseaandlandpokes戳through,moreheatwillbeabsorbed,addingtotheglobaltemperatureincrease.Evenifweweretomagicallystopallgreenhouse-gasemissionstomorrowtheimpactonglobalclimatewouldcontinuefordecades.Delaywillsimplymaketheproblemworse.Thefactisthatsomeofusaredoingquitewellthewaythingsare.lndevelopedworldprosperityhasbeenbuilton150yearsofcheapfossilfuels.

Materialprogresshasbeenlinkedtoenergyconsumption.Today75percentofalltheworld'senergyisconsumedbyaquarteroftheworld'spopulation.Theaveragerich-worldresidentaddsabout3.2tonsofCO2yearlytotheatmosphere,morethanfourtimestheleveladdedbyeachThirdWorldcitizen.TheUS,withjustsevenpercentoftheglobalpopulation,isresponsiblefor22percentofglobalwarming.

41."Feedbackmechanisms"inparagraphImostprobablyreferto.

A.howplantsandanimalsadapttohiddenfactors

B.howplantsandanimalsinteractwiththechangingclimate

C.howclimatechanges

D.howclimatezonesshift

42.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A.somefeedbackmechanismsmayslowdownglobalwarming

B.thebasicfactsofglobalwarmingareunknown

C.developingcountriesbenefitfromcheapfossilfuels

D.developedcountrieshavedecidedtoreducetheirenergyconsumption

43.JamesHansenpredictsthattheshiftofclimatezoneswillbeaccompaniedby

A.thecuttingofmanytrees

B.desirableenvironmentalchanges

C.successfulmigrationofspecies

D.unsuccessfulmigrationoftrees

44.ltcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.thedevelopingworldhasdecidedtoincreaseitsenergyconsumption

B.athird-worldcitizenaddslessthanatonofCO2yearlytotheatmosphere

C.theworldclimatewouldsoongainitsbalaneeifwestoppedgreenhousegasemissions

D.futureprosperityoftheworldisdependentoncheapfossilfuels

45.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?

A」mpactofglobalwarmingonclimate.

B.Prosperityandcheapfossilfuels.

C.Materialprogressandenergyconsumption.

D.Plantsandanimalsinthechangingclimate.

参考答案：

41.B第一段中的“feedbackmechanism的意”最可能是:

A动植物是如何适应

隐蔽因素的;B动植物是如何与不断变化的气候相互作用的;C气候是如何变化

的；D气候带是如何迁移的。

42.A从文章中我们可以得知:

A某些反馈机制可能减缓全球变暖的速度;B全球

变暖的基本事实还不为人所知；C发展中国家从廉价的矿物燃料中获益；D发达国家打算降低能耗。

43.D预测气候带的迁移将由下列哪一项伴随进行?

A许多树木

被砍伐;B有利的环境变化;C物种的成功迁移；D树木的不成功迁移。

44.B从文章可以推断出:

A发展中国家打算增加能源的消耗;B第三世界每年向大气层释放的二氧化碳，人均不超过一吨;C如果我们停止排放引起温室效应的废气,全球的气候就会获得平衡；D未来世界的繁荣靠廉价的矿物能源。

InvestmentandConsumption

Investmentinthepublicsector,suchaselectricity,irrigation,publicservicesandtransport（excludingvehicles,shipsandplanesincreasedbyabout10%,althoughtheemphasismovedtothetransportandawayfromtheothersectorsmentioned.Tradeandservicesrecordeda16%~17%investmentgrowth」ncludinga30%increaseininvestmentinbusinesspremises.Industrialinvestmentisestimatedtohaverisenby8%.AIthoughtheshareofagricultureintotalgrossinvestmentintheeconomycontinuedtodecline,investmentgrewby9%inabsoluteequipment.Housingconstructionhad12%moreinvestedinitin1964,notsomuchowingtoincreaseddemand,astofearsofnewtaxesandlimitationofbuilding.

Totalconsumptioninrealtermsrosebycloseon11%during1964,andpercapitapersonalconsumptionbyunder7%,asin1963.Theundesirabletrendtowardsarapidriseinconsumption,evidentinpreviousyears,remainedunaltered.Sineeatcurrentpricesconsumptionroseby16%anddisposableincomeby13%,therewasevidentlyafallintherateofsavingintheprivatesectoroftheeconomy.Onceagainconsumptionpatternsindicatedaswiftadvanceinthestandardofliving.Expenditureonfooddeclinedinsignificance,althoughconsumptionoffruitincreased.Spendingonfurnitureandhouseholdequipment,health,educationandrecreationcontinuedtoincrease.Thegreatestproofofalteredlivingstandardswastherapidexpansionofexpenditureontransport（includingprivatecarsandpersonalservicesofallkinds,which

occurredduring1964.Theprogressivewealthoflargesectorsofthepublicwasdemonstratedbythechangingcompositionofdurablegoodspurchased.Saturatic饱和pointwasrapidlybeingapproachedforitemssuchasthefirsthouseholdradio,gascookers,andelectricrefrigerators,whereasincreasingpurchasesofautomobilesandtelevisionsetswereregistered.

36.Fromthispassage,welearnthatpeople.

A.spentmoremoneythantheyearned

B.savedmoremoneythanpreviously

C.investedandconsumedatanacceleratedpace

D.spenttheirmoneywisely

37.Theauthorthinksthatthetrendtowardsarapidriseinconsumptionwas

"undesirable”because.

A.expenditureonluxuriesincreased

B.peoplewerewealthy

C.peopleconsumedless

D.peoplesavedless

38.ExpenditureincreasedonallthefollowingEXCEPT.

A.food

B.automobiles

C.education

D.entertainment

39.ltcanbeinferredfromtheincreaseoffruitconsumptionthat

A.peoplehadtospendmoreontransportationandfurniture

B.thepriceoffruitdroppeddramatically

C.peopleweremoremoneyconscious

D.peopleweremorehealthyconscious

40.Theword"registered"inthelastlinemostprobablymeans.

A.marked

B.approached

C.listed

D.booked

参考答案：

36.C从本篇文章可以得知：

A人们支出大于收入;B人们比以前更节约用钱了;C人们的投资和消费在加速增长；D人们花钱更精明了。

37.C作者认为消费的快速增长是不良”的原因是:

A奢侈品的消费增加了;B人们富有了；C人们消费减少了；D人们储蓄减少了。

38.A下列消费都有所增加，只有什么没增加?

A食物;B汽车；C教育；D娱乐。

39.D由水果消费的增长可以推断出:

A人们不得不在交通工具和家具上花更多的钱；B水果的价格大大降低；C人们更加重视金钱了；D人们更加重视健康了。

40.A文章最后一行中的“registered的意思是:

A明显的；B接近；C列举；D预^定。

EiffelIsanEyeful

Some300metersup,neartheEiffelTower'swind-whippedsummittheworldcomestoscribble.Japanese,Brazilians.Americans-theygraffititheirnames,lovesandpoliticsonthecoldiron-transformingthemostFrenchofmonumentsintosymbolofaworldonthemove.

WithPairslaidoutinminiaturebelow,itseemsstrangethatvisitorswouldratherwastetimemarkingtheirpresencethanadmiringtheview.Butthegraffitialsoraisesaquestion:

Why,nearly114yearsafteritwascompleted,anddecadesafteritceasedtobetheworld'stalleststructure,istheTourEiffelstillsopopular?

Thereasonsareascomplexastheironworkthatgracesastructuresome90storieshigh.Butpartoftheansweris,nodoubt,itsagelessness,regularlymaintained,itshouldneverrustaway.Graffitiisregularlypaintedover,butthetowerliveson.

"EiffelrepresentsParisandParisisFrance」tisverysymbolic,"saysHuguesRichard,a31-year-oldFrenchmanwhoholdstherecordforcyclinguptothetower'ssecondfloor-747stepsin19minutesand4seconds,withouttouchingthefloorwithhisfeet."It'sironlady,itinspiresus,"hesays.

Buttowhat?

Afterall,thetowerdoesn'thaveapurpose.Itceasedtobetheworld'stallestin1930whentheChryslerBuildingwentupinNewYork.Yes,televisionandradiosignalsarebeamedfromthetop,andGustaveEiffel,afreneticbuilderwhodiedonDecember27,aged91,useditsheightforconductingresearchintoweather,aerodynamicsandradiocommunication.

Butinesseneethetowerinspiressimplybybeingthere-ablankcanvasforvisitorstomakeofitwhattheywill.Tothetechnicallyminded,it'sanengineeringtriumph.Forlovers,it'sromantic."Thetowerwilloutlastallofus,andbyalongway,"saysIsabelleEsnous,whosecompany.managesEiffelTower.

31.WhydoestheauthorthinktheEiffelToweristransformedintosymbolofaworldofthemove?

A.TouristsfromallovertheworldcometotheEiffelTowerbycarorbyplane.

B.Touristsofallnationalitiescometoscribbleonthecoldironofthetower.

C.TheEiffelToweristhetallestbuildingintheworld.

D.TheEiffelTowerrepresentsallthetowersintheworld.

32.Whatseemsstrangetotheauthor?

A.Visitorspreferwastingtimescribblingtoenjoyingtheview.

B.Visitorsspendsmuchtimewatchingotherpeoplescribbling.

C.OnlyJapanese,BraziliansandAmericansliketomarktheirpresenee.

D.Scribblingspreadfromcountrytocountry.

33.WhichstatementsisNOTtrueofHuguesRichard?

A.Heisacyclist.

B.Heisarecordholder.

C.Heclimbed747stepsupthetowerin19minutesand4seconds.

D.Hecycleduptothetower'ssecondfloor.

34.WhatdidthebuilderusetheEiffelTowerfor?

A.Sendingradioandtelevisionsignalsallovertheworld.

B.Conductingresearchinvariousfields.

C.Givingpeopleinspiration.

D.DemonstratingFrenchculture.

35.Whichofthefollowingisnearestinmeaningto"