目的论指导下的英文电影字幕翻译.docx
《目的论指导下的英文电影字幕翻译.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《目的论指导下的英文电影字幕翻译.docx(19页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
目的论指导下的英文电影字幕翻译
南阳理工学院本科毕业设计(论文)
目的论指导下的英文电影字幕翻译
TranslationofEnglishFilmSubtitleundertheGuidanceofSkoposTheory
学院(系):
外国语学院
专业:
英语
***********
学号:
*********
授课教师(职称):
张媛媛(讲师)
评阅教师:
完成日期:
2013年1月12日
南阳理工学院
NanyangInstituteofTechnology
目的论指导下的英文电影字幕翻译
英语专业 崔艳威
[摘 要]随着全球化和电影产业的不断发展,电影,作为世界不同文化交流的重要媒介之一,越来越受到人们的欢迎;然而,对于不同语言、文化背景下的人来说,要看懂一部外语电影则须依赖电影字幕。
高质量的电影字幕,不单单能使受众明白电影的情节,还能使电影的本土文化底蕴保留下来,同时又符合受众的文化背景。
不同于其他主流翻译领域,电影字幕翻译起步较晚,虽然在西方相关学者及从业者的努力下,取得了一些不俗的成就,但总体而言,该领域内仍然缺乏完整的、系统的指导性理论。
在中国电影字幕的翻译起步晚、发展慢、参与的人数少,翻译水平不高、无规范性的组织,这些问题的存在都大大阻碍了我国电影字幕翻译的发展进步。
本文以目的论为指导理论,通过对目的论的主要原则的阐述、电影字幕的特点的分析,将目的论的主要原则转化为适合电影字幕特点的翻译策略,并通过电影实例,将这一指导的实际效果展示给读者,希望对电影字幕翻译的研究有所帮助。
[关键词]目的论;英文电影字幕翻译;翻译
TranslationofEnglishFilmSubtitleundertheGuidanceofSkoposTheory
EnglishMajor CUIYan-wei
Abstract:
Withthecontinuousdevelopmentoffilmindustry,film,actingasoneoftheimportantcommunicationmediasofworldculture,isgettingmoreandmoreprevalent.However,asfortheaudienceswithdifferentlanguageandbackgroundofculture,understandingaforeignfilmdependsonthefilmsubtitle.Filmsubtitleswithhigherlevelcanenableaudiencesbeclearabouttheplotsandcontentsofafilm,maintainsthespecialtyoflocalcultureinafilm,andadaptstotheaudients’culturebackground.
Comparedwithothermainstreamareasoftranslation,translationoffilmsubtitlegetstostartalittlelater.Thoughtherehavebeensomeimpressiveachievementswithgreateffortsofrelevantscholarsandpractitionersinthewest,systemicandguidingtheoriesinthisareaarestilllacked.Inchina,thetranslationoffilmsubtitleislatedevelopedwithlowqualityoftranslationandstandardizednorms.Duetoallquestionsabove,thedevelopmentandprogressoffilmtranslationinChinaisdeeplyblocked.
Theintentionofthisthesisis,basedontheSkoposTheory,totrytoturnthemainprinciplesoftheSkoposTheoryintothetranslationstrategieswhichsuitforthecharacteristicsoffilmsubtitlethroughexpoundingthemainprinciplesofkoposTheoryandtheanalysisofthecharacteristicsoffilmsubtitle.ThethesisalsoquotesmanyfilmexamplestoillustratethepracticaleffectivenessundertheguidanceofkoposTheoryduringthetranslation,whichhopestobehelpfultothetranslationoffilmsubtitle.
Keywords:
SkoposTheory;filmsubtitle;translation
Contents
Introduction
TheearliestfilmwasinventedbytheLumie’rebrothers.(韩丹,2010:
1)[1]December28th1895,theyforthefirsttimepubliclydisplayedtheirfilmsExitingtheFactory,ArrivalofATrainetc.atacafeshopinpairs.itdeclaredthebirthofthefilmtotheworld.Attheearlystage,filmswereshort(durationlastedfrom4to40minutes)andsilentandhadsomelanguagetextsinsertedbetweenthefilmimagestohelpaudiencetounderstandtheplot,whichcouldberegardedastheearlyfilmsubtitle.Fromthenon,thetranslationoffilmsubtitlehasbeenstarted.Thatkindoftranslationisobviouslysimpleandprimary;however,itwastheearliestpracticeoftranslationoffilmsubtitle.
Filmindustryhasshoweditsvigorouslifesincethefirstfilmwasdisplayed.Astheengineofthefilmindustryintheworld,Hollywood’soutstandingachievementsarethebestexampleofthewholeindustry.Accordingtostatistics,Hollywoodfilmstooknearly75%ofthefilmmarketshareinchina,inthe1930sand1940s.Undertheeffectofforeignfilmindustry,in1905,RenjingtaiandLiuzhonglunproducedthefilmdingjunshan(定军山)anddisplayeditpubliclyandfreely,whichmarkedthebirthofthefirstfilmofchin.Fromthenon,thedevelopmentofChina’sfilmindustryfounditswaygradually.
AftertheestablishmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,especiallyafterthereformandopening-uppolicy,Chinabegantointroduceforeignfilmintodomesticmarketwithlargescale.WatchingforeignfilmsbecameanimportantwayforChinesetounderstandforeigncountry’slocalconditions,acquireinformation,andentertainthemselves.Duetotheincreasingdemandandlargequantityofannualforeignfilmproduction,therewerevastforeignfilmsneedtobetranslated.Underthiscircumstance,comparedwiththepreviouswayofdubbing,asacomparativelyinexpensiveandefficientwayoflanguagetransfer,filmsubtitletranslationbecamemoreandmorepopularinChina,becausetheaudiencedidnothavetowaitlongtimefordubbedfilmversions.Atthesametime,amongviewerstherewasagrowingdemandforauthenticitythatwenthandinhandwithabetterknowledgeofforeignlanguagesandculturesinprograms.Furthermore,translationoffilmsubtitlemetsuchatendencythatmoreandmoreChinesebegintolearnEnglish.ThefilmwithsubtitleinbothEnglishandChinesebecametheirlearningmaterials.Lastbutnottheleast,withthedevelopmentandwidespreadingofinternet,theaudiencecouldgettheirfilmsfromtheinternetbesidestheater.Therealsocameoutsomeorganizationsengagedintranslationoffilmsubtitle,suchasUUbird,RenRenetc.Allabovehavemakecontributionstothedevelopmentoftranslationoffilmsubtitle.
ThisthesisfocusesontheaspectofSkoposTheorytostudythetranslationofEnglishfilmsubtitle.ThecharacteristicsoffilmsubtitlehavenativelyassociativepropertywiththecontentandprinciplesofSkoposTheory.Hence,thistheoryhaspracticalguidingfunctionintheprocessoftranslationoffilmsubtitle.ByanalyzingthecontentofSkoposTheory,translatorcouldfindtheoreticalfoundationandpracticalguidance,whichcanbeusedintranslationprocess.ItmaybehelpfultoimprovethepresentsituationoftranslationoftheEnglishfilmsubtitleandmakethetranslationindustrymoresystemic.AnotheradvantageofSkoposTheoryisthatitcanmaintainandshowthelocalcultureoffilmsclearlyaswellasbeunderstoodeasilybytheaudienceaftertranslation,bywhichChinesepeoplecouldgettoknowmoreforeignculturethroughEnglishfilm.Thisthesiswillquotemanyfilmlines,whichwouldbeanalyzedbasedonSkoposTheory.Thereforereadersmayunderstandthemajorideamorecomfortably.
Thethesisconsistsoffivechapters:
Chapter1providesanintroductiontothebackgroundinwhichthepresentstudyiscarried.Chapter2analyzesthecharacteristicsandfunctionsoffilmsubtitle.Chapter3reviewsthecontentsanddevelopmentofSkoposTheoryandthenputsforwardthestrategiesofsubtitletranslationundersuchtheory.Chapter5isaconclusionwhichsummarizesthewholethesisandbringsforwardsuggestiononthefieldoftranslationoffilmsubtitle.
Chapter1CharacteristicsandFunctionsofEnglishFilmSubtitle
Thoughwearequitefamiliarwithfilmsubtitle,fewpeoplecangiveoutspecificanswerwhenaskedthedetailedcharacteristicsandfunctionsoffilmsubtitle.Itisofimportancetohaveaclearunderstandingaboutthecharacteristicsandfunctionsoffilmsubtitlewhenwestudyingthetranslationoffilmsubtitle.Hence,thispartwilldiscusstheseissues.
1.1Definitionoffilmsubtitle
Filmsubtitleisaprintedstatementorfragmentofdialogueappearingonthescreenbetweenthesensesofasilentmotionorappearingastranslationatthebottomofthescreenduringscenesofamotionpictureortelevisionshowinaforeignlanguage.AccordingtoDictionaryofFilmArt,(电影艺术词典(修订版)2005:
220)[2]filmsubtitleisthegeneraltermofChineseandforeignwordsappearingonthescreenastheformofallkindsofchirography,printhand,embossment,cartoonetc,suchasfilmtitle,cast,libretto,translation,dialogue,explanation,introductionofroles,placename,dateandsoon.Deignofthechirography,writing,wordssize,layout,compositionalsketchareallthefactorsthataffectthewholemodelofafilm
Accordingtotargetlanguage,filmsubtitlecouldbedividedintoparalleltypeandcrossedtype.Theformerisusedwithinasamelanguage;thelatterisusedbetweendifferentlanguages.
1.2CharacteristicsofEnglishfilmsubtitle
Filmsubtitlehasitsowncharacteristics,itwillbeimpossibleforatranslatortofinishtranslatingsuccessfullyifhedoesnotnoticethispoint.Filmsubtitlehasthefollowingfeatureswhichgiverisetothespecialrequirementsforfilmsubtitletranslation
1.2.1Instantaneousness
Unlikebooksornewspaperswhichthereaderscanrepeatwhentheyfindsomethingdifficulttounderstand,orsomethinginteresting,filmsubtitlejustlastforverysecondsonthescreenandthennextpicturewillcomeout.Ifaudiencedoesnotunderstandthetitle,whathecandoistocontinuethisprocessbutreturnthemback.ItisothercasethatyouwatchfilmathomeonCDplayerorthroughinternet,youcanrepeatitwheneverandwhereveryouwouldlike.Butobviously,itisboringtowatchafilminthatway.Hence,herecomesarequirementthattranslatorsmustensurethataudiencescouldunderstandthetranslatedfilmsubtitleimmediatelywhentheyseethefilmpictureorlistentothedialogueswithoutthinkingtoomuchofthemeaningofthedialogue.
1.2.2Popularization
Asweallknow,filmisconsumedbythepublic,itsaudiencesarethecommonpeople.Therefore,thelanguageusedinfilmmusttargetatcommonpeople,inotherword,ifonefilmwanttobeunderstoodbythemassaudience,itmustusepopularwordsandexpression.Sometimes,afilmmayinvolvesinaspecializedoracademictopicaswellassomethinglocalwhichareunfamiliarforthecommonpeoplewithoutprofessionalknowledge,inthiscase,translatorshouldusesimpleandunderstandablesubtitletomaketheaudienceacceptthefilm.JustasprofessorZhangChunbaisaid:
Mostcases,thetranslatormustseetoitthatthetranslateddialoguearecomprehensibl