黑龙江科技大学研一下综合英语.docx
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黑龙江科技大学研一下综合英语
WEEK1
Wordexpress
empathy同感；移情；共鸣
1.Empathyistheabilitytoshareanotherperson'sfeelingsandemotionsasiftheywereyourown.
2.Havingbegunmylifeinachildren'shomeIhavegreatempathywiththelittleones
3.Achievingthisqualityrequiresempathy.
malfeasance不正当，不法行为，渎职
1.Thishaswarpedincentivesandfosteredmalfeasance.
2.Thefinancialcrisisprovidesanapparentlyendlessopportunityforunmaskingdeceit,malfeasance,andcorruption.
thepreserveof遗留，保留
1.Nowtheyarethepreserveoftherich,whocanaffordtofurnish,cleanandheatthemcomfortably.
2.Thetraditionalfamilyisnowthepreserveofaminority.
embark着手；开始做
1.Ifyouembarkonsomethingnew,difficult,orexciting,youstartdoingit
2.He'sembarkingonanewcareerasawriter.
3.Thegovernmentembarkedonaprogramofradicaleconomicreform.
4.Soweembarkonimplementationwithconsiderablemomentum.
5.Whetherhewillactuallyembarkonthispotentiallysuicidalplanisalsounclear.
6.Developingadomesticbondmarketshouldbeatoppriorityandchinashouldalsoembarkoncapitalaccountliberalization.
unsavory难吃的，令人讨厌的
unsavoryodors讨厌的气味unsavorypartner讨厌的同伴unsavorymess不可口的伙食
feckless无能的；软弱的；不中用的
1.Ifyoudescribesomeoneasfeckless,youmeanthattheylackdeterminationorstrength,andareunabletodoanythingproperly
2.Heregardedtheyoungmanasfecklessandirresponsible.
3.Ihaveseenupclose聚焦靠近howfecklessmanagementactivitycanchangethings.
4.Caremustbetakensomothersratherthanfecklessfatherscontrolfundsfortheirchildren.
blissful1欣喜若狂的，极乐的，狂喜的乐而忘忧的
1.Butinthenextcentury,governmentswillhavenoexcusefortheirblissfulignorance.
wilfully故意的，有意的，成心的（尤指意在造成伤害）
1.Wilfulneglectofourmanufacturingindustryhascausedthisproblem.
subdue征服，克制
1.Thekingcobracansubdueitsdinnerwithoutsufferingfromanyvenomouscounterattack.
instill逐渐灌输，滴注
1.Itiseasytoinstillthemindsofyoungchildrenwithfixedideas.
2.However,Idotrytinstillinthemtheabilitytousesoundengineeringmethodstoanalyzeanddesigntheirprogramsandcustomizetheirpractices.
3.ButCommunistPartyleadersstillpromotethemythsandiconsofthattimetoinstillpatriotismandloyaltyinthepopulation.
disengage（使）脱离；（使）松开；解开；拆开
1.Ifyoudisengagesomething,orifitdisengages,itbecomesseparatefromsomethingwhichithasbeenattachedto.
2.Morevigorousactionisneededtoforcethefederalarmytodisengage.
3.Disengagefromanydependenceonothers.
blight破坏因素；祸根；阴影n;破坏（生活）；使（希望）破灭；摧毁；损毁v.
1.Ifsomethingblightsyourlifeoryourhopes,itdamagesandspoilsthem.Ifsomethingblightsanarea,itspoilsitandmakesitunattractive.
2.Youcanrefertosomethingasblightwhenitcausesgreatdifficulties,anddamagesorspoilsotherthings.
3.ThisdiscriminatorypolicyhasreallybeenblightonAmerica.
4.Manchesterstillsuffersfromurbanblightandunacceptablepoverty.
Underlying深层的；根本的
1.潜在的；隐藏的；深层的；根本的Theunderlyingfeaturesofanobject,event,orsituationarenotobvious,anditmaybedifficulttodiscoverorrevealthem.
2.表面下的；下层的Youdescribesomethingasunderlyingwhenitisbelowthesurfaceofsomethingelse.
3.Tostopaproblemyouhavetounderstanditsunderlyingcauses.
4.Ithinkthattheunderlyingproblemiseducation,unemploymentandbadhousing.
5.Whatarethemainunderlyingstructuralcausesofthisdepression?
词组
unsavoryodors讨厌的气味unsavorypartner讨厌的同伴unsavorymess不可口的伙食
culturalicons文化偶像
applicationicons应用图标
curesomebodyof
长难句
1、Foranacttobeevil,itmustbesignificantlywrong,embarkeduponwithfullknowledgeofitswantonnessandembracedwholeheartedlybythepersondoingthedeed.
一种行为若要具有邪恶的性质，则它必须存在重大错误，行为主体在采取行为时必然对其残酷本性了然于胸，但又毫无保留地欣然予以接受。
2、Empathy—theabilitytoappreciatethatastrangerstrugglingwithasuitcasenotonlyfindshissituationchallengingbutalsoneedshelpwhich,assumingyouarenotincapacitatedyourself,youcananddoprovide—iskeytoMr.Baron-Cohen’sthesis.
伯龙-科恩论题的关键在于移情作用，这种能力的内涵是：
能够认识到一位正在费力提着箱子的陌生人不但身处困境，而且需要一臂之力，而如果你身心健全的话，则能够并且会伸出援手。
3、Theauthorchampionshisownparentsforinstillinginhimwhathecallsan“internalpotofgold”—ameasureofself-relianceandself-confidencewhichhethinks,isvitalfordevelopingempathy.
作者拥护其父把一种被他称为“心中的藏宝箱”的思想灌输进其头脑的做法——这是一定程度的自立与自信，伯龙-科恩认为这对发展移情能力至关重要。
4、Whetheritcanberighttocuresomeoneof（whatisnotyetconsidered）adiseaseremainsunaddressed.
不过，为某些人治疗一种尚未被认为是疾病的身体状况之做法是否正确，则尚未得到解答。
WEEK2
Wordexpress
gregarious爱交际的；合群的
1.Someonewhois gregarious enjoysbeingwithotherpeople
2.Sheissuchagregariousandoutgoingperson.
3.In our society, the ideal self is bold, gregarious, and comfortable in the spotlight.
Inflammation发炎；炎症
1.An inflammation isapainfulrednessorswellingofapartofyourbodythatresultsfromaninfection,injury,orillness.
2.Thedrugcancauseinflammationoftheliver.
3.It causes inflammation, discharge and chronic scarring.
4.Inflammation is an antibacterial response.
lurk潜伏，潜藏，埋伏
1.Ifsomeone lurks somewhere,theywaittheresecretlysothattheycannotbeseen,usuallybecausetheyintendtodosomethingbad
2.Some worrying signs continue tolurkin the data
3.Bacteriaoftenlurkonthekitchensponge,yourcomputerkeyboardandthedirtylaundry.
Plague瘟疫
1.In 2004, eight villagers in Qinghai province died of plague.
2.The lung disease is caused by the same bacterium as bubonic plague.
staveoff避开；延缓；推迟（令人不快的事物）
1.Inadesperateattempttostaveoffdefeat,hereluctantlypromisedwholesalereformoftheconstitution.
2.Buttherealityofdiscoverywasadifferentmatter,andhedidallhecouldtostaveitoff.
词组
致病基因geneticsofdisease慢性炎症chronicinflammation
心脏病heartdisease基因表达expressionofgenes
白细胞whitebloodcells官能团functionalgroup
病毒感染viralinfection对抗细菌protectagainstbacteria
抗菌反应antibacterialresponse寄主host
免疫系统Immunesystem耐药性Drugresistance
长难句
1、Itexamined,andcombinedtheresultsof,148previousstudiesthatfollowedsome300,000individualsforanaverageperiodof7.5yearseach,andcontrolledforfactorssuchasageandpre-existingillness.
该论文回顾了过去对约30万人进行平均每人7.5年跟踪调查的148个研究，控制了年龄和已有疾病等条件，然后将这些研究结果进行了综合分析。
2、DrColeharvestedsamplesofwhitebloodcellsfrombothlonelyandgregariouspeople.Hethenanalysedtheactivityoftheirgenes,asmeasuredbytheproductionofasubstancecalledmessengerRNA.Thismoleculecarriesinstructionsfromthegenestellingacellwhichproteinstomake.
Cole博士收集了孤独之人和爱交际之人的白细胞样品。
然后他分析了他们基因的活性——靠测量信使RNA的多少。
这种分子携带着基因上的指令，告诉细胞合成那类蛋白质。
3、Broadlyspeaking,thegeneslessactiveinthelonelywerethoseinvolvedinstavingoffviralinfections.
一般来说，孤独的人体内活力较低的基因是那些帮助人们避开病毒感染的基因。
而那些活力较高的基因帮助人们抵抗细菌。
4、DrColesuspectsthiscouldhelpexplainnotonlywhythelonelyareiller,buthow,inevolutionaryterms,thisoddstateofaffairshascomeabout.
科尔博士猜想，这也许不仅能解释为什么孤独者更容易生病，而且可以从进化论角度说明这种奇特的情况是如何出现的。
5、Thecrucialbitofthepuzzleisthatviruseshavetobecaughtfromanotherinfectedindividualandtheyareusuallyspecies-specific.Bacteria,incontrast,oftenjustlurkintheenvironment（liketetanus）,andmaythriveonmanyhosts（asdoesbubonicplague,forexample）.
这个谜团中最关键的一环在于：
病毒必然来自于另一个受感染的个体，而且它们常常有物种特性。
相反，细菌一般只是潜伏在自然环境里（比如破伤风杆菌），并可能在许多寄主身上蓬勃生长（例如腺鼠疫）。
6、WhatDrColeseemstohaverevealed,then,isamechanismbywhichtheenvironment（inthiscasethesocialenvironment）reachesinsideaperson'sbodyandtweaksitsgenomesothatitrespondsappropriately.
科尔博士揭示的似乎是这样一种机制：
环境（在本例中指社会环境）深入人体并刺激人的染色体组，促使染色体组做出恰当回应。
7、Whereitgoeswrongiswhenlonelinessbecomeschronic,andtheinflammatoryresponsebecomeschronicatthesametime.
这个机制的问题在于，当孤独成为一种习惯，炎症反应也同时成了慢性病。
8、Now,paradoxically,thelargepopulationthatcivilisationmakespossiblemeanslonelinessiscommonplace—andwithitconsequencesthatnaturalselection,whichisblindtothefuture,hasnotyethadtimetodealwith.
如今的矛盾之处在于，人口因为文明的存在而变得庞大，但众多的人口却让孤独成为家常便饭---无法预见未来的自然选择还没有时间来应对这种孤独导致的后果。
WEEK3
Wordexpress
halcyon美好时光
PPT原句：
Onceuponatimeinthehalcyon1960s,hisstudentswereaprivilegedfew,anacademicelitedrawnfromthetopfourpercentofthepopulation.
recruit招收新成员
disgruntled:
dissatisfied，angry不满的
They[incomingstudents]don'tknowhowtowriteessays--theyjustassemblebitsfromtheInternet,"commentedadisgruntledOxfordtutor.
decry:
批评criticize
Asprofessorsandbusinessownersalikedecrythequalityofuniversitystudentsandgraduates,morethanafewobserversarequestioningthewisdomofpackingivorytowerswiththemasses.
tuitionfee学费
1.Will tuition costs continue to skyrocket?
defer推迟,延期delay,postpone
2.Customersoftendeferpaymentforaslongaspossible.
calibre（突出的）才干，能力，智力
1.The calibreof apersonisthequalityorstandardoftheirabilityorintelligence,especiallywhenthisishigh.
2.Iwasimpressedbythehighcalibreoftheresearchersandanalysts.
assiduously勤奋的hardworking
Mr.Haywardsays,liesinthewayteenagersaretaughtinschool,preppedassiduouslyforexamsattheexpenseofbroaderunderstanding.
perennially永久的drumup鼓动，竭力争取
deterfrom阻止preventfrom
burgeoning发芽，迅速发展
Thatmightprovetrickyifteenagers--andtheirparents--aredeterredbytheburgeoningcostofstudy.
concede让步，承认admitunwillingly
government-mandated政府托管的quotas配额
teemwith充满,充斥人或动物）
1.Hisheadteemswithgoodideas.
2.Theearth’stropicsteemwithspecies.
词组：
calibreofteaching教学质量calibreeducation素质教育
facultyandstaff教职员工adjunctfaculty教辅人员
creamofcandidates优秀应试者collegeenrollment大学注册
creamofcandidates精英应试者crimeagainstgrammar犯语法错误
teemwith充满,充斥人或动物
WEEK4
Wordexpress
budg
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