河大版备战中考初中英语专项训练阅读理解科普环保类D卷.docx

河大版备战中考初中英语专项训练阅读理解科普环保类D卷.docx

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河大版备战中考初中英语专项训练阅读理解科普环保类D卷

河大版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）D卷

姓名:

________班级:

________成绩:

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一、阅读理解（共5题；共52分）

1.（10分）（2019·无锡）阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

In1845,adeadlydiseasestruckthefarmsofIreland,killingalltheLumperpotatoplants.Inanotherplaceortime,thedeathofsinglecropspecies（物种）mightnothavebeensoimportant.ButinIreland,in1845,peopledependedalmostsolelyonthepotatoforfood.Thedeathofonespeciescausedaterriblefamine（饥荒）.Now,somescientistsareworriedthatsuchafaminecouldhappenagain,butonamuchwiderscale.

Overthecenturies,farmershavediscoveredthousandsofdifferentspeciesoffoodcrops.Eachspecieshasspecialqualities.Somecanbegrowninveryhotorcoldclimates.Othersarenotaffectedbycertaindiseases.However,youwon'tfindmanyofthesespeciesinyourlocalsupermarket.TofeedthesevenbillionpeopleonEarth,mostfarmerstodayaregrowingonlyspeciesofplantsandfarmingonlyspeciesofanimalsthatareeasytoproduceinlargenumbers.

Forexample,inthePhilippines,therewereoncethousandsofvarietiesofrice:

nowfewerthan100aregrownthere.InChina,90percentofthewheatvarietiesgrownjustacenturyagohavedisappeared.Scientistsbelievethatoverthepastcentury,wehaveallowedmorethanhalfoftheworld'sfoodvarietiestodisappear.

Onesolutiontothisproblemistocollectandstoretheseeds（种子）asmanydifferentplantvarietiesaswecanbeforetheydisappear.TheideawasfirstsuggestedbyRussianscientistNikolayVavilov.Inthe1920sand1930s,hecollectedaround400,000seedsfromfivecontients.Morerecently,othersarecontinuingtheworkhebegan.

IntheU.S.stateofIowa,DianeOttWhealywantedtoprotecthistoricplantvarieties,liketheseedshergreat–grandfatherbroughttotheU.S.fromGermanymorethanahundredyearsago.SheandherhusbandstartedaplacecalledHeritageFarm,wherepeoplecanstoreandtradeseeds.

Moreimportantly,thepeopleatHeritageFarmdon'tjuststoretheseeds;theyplantthem.Bydoingthis,theyarereintroducingfoodsintothemarketplacethathaven'tbeengrownforyears.Thesefoodspeciesarenotjustspecialintermsofappearanceortaste.Theyalsoofferfarmersfoodsolutionsforthefuture,fromthepast.

（1）Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

A.Theneedtoprotectdifferentfoodspecies.    

B.Howtoincreasethenumberoffoodspecies.    

C.Thefactthatmanyfoodspeciesaredyingout.    

D.Howtopreventfoodspeciesfromdisappearing.    

（2）Whyaresomescientistsworriedthatsuchafaminecouldhappenagain?

A.Becausepeopledependoncertainspeciesoffoodcrops.

B.Becausethesamedeadlydiseasemayattackcropsagain.

C.Becausetheworld'spopulationislargerthanthatin1845.

D.Becausefarmersgrowthesamepotatoesasthoseinthepast.

（3）Thefollowingsentencewouldbestbeplacedattheendof________.

Meanwhile,thousandsofotherspeciesaredyingout.

A.Paragraph1    

B.Paragraph2    

C.Paragraph3    

D.Paragraph4    

（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.ThediseasespreadveryquicklyandkilledthousandsofpeopleinIreland.

B.Around80percentofthericevarietiesinthePhilippineshavedisappeared.

C.Peoplehavebeenstoringseedstosaveplanevarietiesforlessthan100years.

D.HeritageFarmisthefirstplaceintheU.S.forpeopletostoreandtradeseeds.

2.（12分）（2019·舟山模拟）阅读理解

SheridanisatowninIndiana,USA.Therearelotsoftreesnearthepublicschoolsinthetown.Theirleavesturnsunlightintoenergy（能量）.

InSheridan,thesunnotjustprovidesenergyforplants.Itkeepsschoolsrunning,too.Theschoolsusesolarpanels（太阳能电池板）toturnsunlightintoenergy.

Thesciencebehindsolarenergyisnotnew.ButSheridanCommunitySchoolsisthefirstschooldistrict（学区）inIndianatobecompletelysolar-powered.Thedistrictfinishedputtinginsolarpanelsforallthreeofitsschoolsin2016.Someofthepanelscanturntofollowthesunacrossthesky.

In2008,fewerthan1.000schoolsusedsolarpower.By2014,therewere3,727schoolswithsolarpanelsintheUSA.ThesenumberscomefromareportbytheSolarFoundation.RoxieBrown,aprogramdirectortheresaidthatthenumberofschoolswithsolarpanelshascontinuedtogoupsince2014.

Solarenergyhassomeadvantagesoverotherenergysources（来源）.Sunlightisarenewablesource,whichmeansitwon'trunout.Solarpanelsdon'tharmtheenvironment.Also,sunlightisfree.Sobyusingsolarpower,schoolscansavemoneyonenergycosts.

Brownthinksmoreschoolsshouldrunonsolarenergy."ThesunisEarthsenergysource,"shesays."We'retryingtomakeittheenergysourceforourhousescarsandschools,too."

Butusingsolarenergyisn'talwayseasy.Solarpanelscanbeexpensivetoputin.Thepanelsalsotakeupspace.Butformanyschools,goingsolarisworthit.

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"referto?

A.Aplant.    

B.Thesun.    

C.Adistrict.    

D.Thesolarpanel.    

（2）SheridanCommunitySchoolsputinsolarpanels       .

A.in2008    

B.forallitsschools    

C.withthehelpoftheSolarFoundation    

D.togetherwithother1,000schoolsintheUSA    

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"renewable"meaninChinese?

A.可开发的    

B.可替代的    

C.可再生的    

D.可加工的    

（4）Whichofthefollowingisthewriter'sopinion?

A.Solarpanelswilltakeuplessspace.    

B.Itmaycostalottoputinsolarpanels.    

C.Itwillneverbedifficulttousesolarenergy.    

D.Goingsolarisawisechoiceforeveryschool.    

3.（10分）根据短文理解，完成下列各题。

RecentresearchfromthePewInternetProjectsuggeststhat90%ofAmericansagedfrom12to17usetheInternet,and51%ofthoseteensusesocialnetworks.However,therearemanypossibleproblemswithsocialnetworkingsitesandtheteenagerswhousethem.

Apartfromthesocialadvantages,socialnetworkingsitescanbeusedtorecordschoolresearch,developartistictalentsandexperimentwithotherformsofsubjectcreation.Theyprovideawaytocommunicatewithotherswhosharethesameinterestsandtogethelpfuladviceonongoingprojects.

Alongwiththeseadvantagescomesomedangers.Forexample,mostsocialnetworkingsitesareopentoall,especiallyMySpace,whichisthemostpopularsocialnetworkamongteensinAmerica.Itmeansthattheycouldbeputinunpleasantandfrighteningsituations.

Agreaterdangeristhatteensmaybecomeobjectsofthepeoplewithsecretpurposes.Thesecrecyofsomesocialnetworkingsitesmakesiteasyfordangerouspeopletofindyoungteensandinvitethemintodangerousconversations.It'seasyforthemtopretendasteensanddrawchildrenintodangerousreal-worldcommunicationaswell.Thenfurtherhurtmightbeonitsway.

Anotherdangerisidentitystealing,whichcanhappenwhenteenssharetoomuchinformationabouttheirnames,datesofbirthandlocations.

Therefore,it'sveryimportanttomakesureteensaresafewhentheyusesocialnetworks.

Manyofthesamerulesthatworkforonlinechatworkforthesesites:

※Don'tuseyourrealname.

※Don'tgiveoutpersonalinformationtopeopleyoudon’tknow.Alastnameandatownareenoughforabadguytofindwhereyouare.

※Don'tbelievethatpeoplearewhotheysaytobe.

※Immediatelyendanycommunicationthatmakesyouuncomfortableandreportittoaparent.

Onlyifyouaresureofyoursafety,canyouenjoythefunbroughtbysocialnetworking.Besides,tryingtodealwithallproblemsonyourowncanleadtoterribleresults.Remember,askingyourparentsorschoolofficialsforhelpdoesn’tmeanyouareunabletodoanythingbutwiserthanmanyothers.                      

（1）

Howmanydangersofusingsocialnetworksarementionedinthepassage?

A.2    

B.3    

C.4    

D.5    

（2）

ThewritertakesMySpaceasanexampletoshowthat________.

A.studentscouldbeputintounrealsituationsontheInternet

B.teenagersarefacingunknowndangersonthesocialnetworks

C.InternetprovidesmoresocialwebsitestoAmericanteenagers

D.socialnetworksareverypopularamongteenagersinAmerica

（3）

Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.

A.thedangersaresimilarwhenchattingonlineandsurfingsocialnetworks

B.morethanhalfAmericanteenagersagedfrom12to17usesocialnetworks

C.teenswhoaskforhelparewiserwhenmeetingproblemsonsocialnetworks

D.therearemoredisadvantagesthanadvantagesforteenstousesocialnetworks

4.（10分）（2019八上·长兴月考）阅读理解

Theyearis2045.AgoalisscoredatthesoccerWorldCup.Isthatpossible?

Manyscientistsbelieveitis.Infact,therearealreadyrobotsthatcanplaysoccer.Today'sscientistsareworkingonrobotswithvariousskills.

Whenpeoplestartedmakingrobots,theyweremadetodojustsimplethings,mainlyinfactories.Sincethen,however,robotshavechangedalot.Earlyrobotswereoperatedbyhumans.Today'srobotsfunction（运行）themselves.Somecanonlymovearoundalittle,likerobotcleaners,butotherscandomuchmorelikerunning,dancingandevenplayingsoccer.

Thentherearerobotsdesignedtobelikehumans.Theserobotshavefacesandcanshowemotions（表情）.Suchrobotscanlearnnewthings,andshowushowthey"feel".

Scientistsaren'tjustbuildinghumanlikerobots.Theyarealsomakingrobotsthatlookandactlikeanimals.AtNASA,scientistsaremakingarobotsnake.It'sakindofvehicleswithwheels.Thesesnakebutscanenterholesandmoveoverrough（粗糙的）ground.TheymightonedayhelpscientistslookforsignsoflifeonMars.

Butcanarobotsoccerteameveroperateallontheirown,orplayaswellasahumanteam?

Manyrobots