完整版数字在中西方文化中的差异毕业设计.docx
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完整版数字在中西方文化中的差异毕业设计
分类号
密级
编号
本科生毕业论文
题目数字在中西方文化中的差异
学院外国语学院
专业英语
作者姓名杜变变
班级2009级二班
指导教师马金海
提交日期2013.5.23
TheCulturalDifferencesofNumeralsbetweenChinaandWest
Cultures
DuBianbian
Athesis
SubmittedtotheSchoolofForeignLanguagesandLiteratureTianshuiNormalUniversityinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementforthedegree
of
BACHELOROFARTS
in
ENGLISHLANGUAGE
Tianshui,Gansu
May,2013
原创性声明
本人郑重声明:
本人所呈交的论文是在指导教师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的成果。
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论文作者签名:
年月日
论文指导教师签名:
一、论文正文………………………………………………1—17
二、附录
1.毕业论文成绩评定表
2.答辩小组意见
3.答辩成绩评分表
4.论文指导记录
5.开题报告
CONTENTS
Abstracti
摘要ii
.Introduction1
.TheAnalysisofNumeralsDifferencesbetweenChinaand
WestCultures………………………………………………………………….2
2.1TheRelationshipbetweenNumeralandReligion2
2.1.1TheTypicalNumeralsinWesternReligion3
2.1.2TheTypicalNumeralsinChineseReligion4
2.2TheRelationshipbetweenNumeralsandNationalPsychology5
2.2.1NumeralsandChinesePsychology6
2.2.2NumeralsandWesternPsychology8
2.2.3TypicalTabooNumeralsinChineseandWestern9
2.3TheRelationshipbetweenNumeralsandLanguageAesthetics10
2.3.1NumeralsandChineseAesthetics10
2.3.2NumeralsandEnglishAesthetics12
.TheCulturalDifferencesofNumeralsandCross-Culture
Communication14
.Conclusion15
References17
Acknowledgementsiii
TheCulturalDifferencesofNumbersbetweenChineseandEnglish
DuBianbian
【Abstract】Thehumanlanguagesconveyprofoundhistoricalculturesandnationalfeatures.Andanylanguageallovertheworldisrootedinaspecificculturalbackground,reflectingthespecificculturalcontents.Numerals,beinganextremelyspeciallanguagebranch,haveplayedcrucialrolesinthedevelopmentofhumansocietyoverthousandofyears.Numeralsandhumanlifearecloselyrelatedtoeachother.Thefunctionofnumeralinhumancultureisnotonlylimitedinthecountofmathematics,butalsoisamysteriousculturalsymbol,whichformsauniquenumeralculturephenomenon.Numeralplaysanimportantroleinhumanculturalexchangesanddevelopment,reflectingthedistinctiveculturalcharacteristics.However,therearequiteafewdifferencesinreligiousbeliefs,ethicalpsychologyculture,andlanguagesaestheticsinChineseandwesterners,sonumeralshavebeengiventothedifferentculturalconnotationsindifferentculturalcontexts,fromtheperspectiveofculture,thispaperanalyzesthesefactorstoreducemisunderstandingsincommunicationandpromotetheawarenessofcross-culturalcommunication.
KeyWords:
Numeralculture;WesterncultureandChineseculture;Culturedifferences;Interculturalcommunication
数字在中西方文化中的差异
杜变变
【摘要】人类的语言传达深厚的历史文化和民族特色。
世界各地的任何语言都是植根于特定的文化背景,反映了特定的文化内容。
在数千年内,数字作为一种极其特殊的语言分支,在人类社会发展中发挥了至关重要的作用。
数字在人类文化中的作用不仅限于数学中的计数,而且也是一种神秘的文化符号。
然而,由于不同民族宗教信仰﹑民族心理文化以及语言美学等诸因素在中西方文化中的差异,致使数字在不同的文化背景下已被赋予了不同的文化内涵。
本文从文化的角度来分析这些因素,从而达到减少在跨文化交际中不同民族沟通的误解来促进真正意义上的跨文化交际的目的。
【关键词】数字文化;中西方文化;文化差异;跨文化交际
I.Introduction
Languageisanimportantconstituentpartofculture.Theuseoflanguagegivesanefficientexpressiontothecultureconnotationpermeation,whichmakesthespreadandexpressionofculturepossible.Inmanycases,numeralisakindofculturalsymbol,whichfullyreflectsanationalmultifacetedculturalfeatures.ChineseandEnglisharerespectivelyfromdifferentculturesystems.Asaculturalphenomenonexistsinallethnicgroups,itisthe“commoncore”partoftheculture,whilenumeralsreferenceinvirtuallymeaningandexpressionfunctionarequitedifferentfromeachother.Intheconsequence,itgraduallyformedtheculturaldifferencesofunderstandingbetweenthosetwolanguages.
WorldfamouslinguistJohnTaylor(Nida,2001)discoveredtheearliestformofcultureofthereligiousbeliefis“animism”in1871.Hepointedouttheoriginsofthe“animismaremythologyandreligion.”Whatisthemostimportantisthattosomeextentnumeralsspiritcancontrolpeople’sfate.Thewesternersaredeeplyinfluencedbyreligiousbeliefs,theythinknumerallanguageisnotonlythegeneralsymbol,butalsohasmagicalpoweroperatingsomecertainthings.Sopeopleoftencloselyinvolvethenumerologyintheirdailylives.Numeralcorrespondentlyconnectswithpeople’sconceptsandisendowedwithpositiveornegativeculturalconnotations.Theseclearlyreflectthedifferentnationalpsychologyculture.What’smore,BritishfamouslinguistJenniferSeidl(HuWenzhong&DuXuezeng,1989)thinksthat“numeralandlanguagecannotbeseparated,youcannotchoosetouseornot.Wherethereisnumber,therewillbebeauty”.
ChinesescholarWuHuiying(1990),wrotehisexcellentmonographaboutthedevelopmentofcultureandnumbers,inwhichhestated“Numeral—thesecondgenerationofChineselanguage.”Itclearlyshowsthecloserelationshipinnumeralsandculture.Alsoquiteafewresearchershavebeenmadedeeplyexplorationofnumeralsinculture,severalofwhichlaidtheprofoundfundamentalbaseontheanalysisofboththeindividualpropertiesinChineseandEnglish.ChinaCultureLinguistics,writtenbylinguistShenXiaolong(1989),canbeagoodexampleofsuchresearches,inwhichtheChinesecultureandlinguisticswerestudied.NumeralsHeavenandEarth,writtenbyscholarZhangDexing(1999),thetypicalexamplesofthisfield,inwhichhemadeapointthat“thenumeraldifferencesaredeeplyinvolvedwithnationalpsychologyandtraditionconceptsforalongtime.”Inrecentdecades,manyexcellentessaysconcerningonthenumeraldifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternershavebeenpublished.CulturalscientistsandlinguistsaregraduallyawareofwesternculturefactorsthatbringaboutnumerallanguageverydifferentwithChineseculture.
Fromthethreeculturaldimensionsthatontheprofoundpriorstudyfromexpertsandscholars,thispaperfocusonthedifferentaspectsofreligion,nationalpsychology,languageaestheticstomainlyanalyzeChineseandwesternculturedifferences.Bycomprehensivelyresearchingnumeralsindifferentculturalbackgrounds,peoplecomingfromdifferentculturescangetusefulinformationandhelpstorespectivelyrespecttheirowncustomsandculturetoreducemisunderstandingsincommunicationandtoachievetheawarenessofcross-culturalcommunicationintheinformationeraofeconomicglobalization.
Ⅱ.TheAnalysisofNumeralsDifferencesbetweenChinaandWest
Cultures
2.1TheRelationshipbetweenNumeralandReligion
Thereisa“bloodrelationship”betweenreligionandmyth.Fromthepointofculturalhistory,religionisoftenacoreofculturalfactor.Manycivilizedcountriesintheircivilizationhistoryhaveappearedthedominantsituationofthetheologicalandreligiousculture,evenappearingcontinuationinonethousandratherthanliberation,butdominatedbyConfucianismintwothousandyears,Chinahadneverbeenthedominantsituationoftheologicalandreligiousculture.AlthoughtherearevariouskindsofreligiousclassicsinChina,itisnoteasytofindabookliketheBiblethatisall-roundscientificsaintandalmostasthemoonandthesuninwestcountries.TheancientGreekcivilizationandHebrewcivilizationmarkedbytheBibletogetherconstitutethebasicsourceofmodernwesterncultureandthoroughlycluelessintheentirewesternideologyandculturefiled,whichhasfullyreflectedinthenumeralsuperstition(GuangZhenbin,2007).Thisarticlewillchoosesometypicalnumeralsbothintwolanguagestoillustratethepoint.
2.1.1TheTypicalNumeralsinWesternReligion
Inthewest,numeral“thirteen”istheNO.OnebigfearfortheAnglo—American.ThereasonscomefromtheominouslegendsandstoriesintheBible:
Jesusandhisdisciplesalltogetherarethirteenpeopleinthelastsupper,duetooneofthembecameatraitorandbetrayedtheJesus,unfortunatelyJesuswascrucifiedonthecrossandtheverydaywasFriday.AndthedaythatCainkilledhisclosebrotherwasalsoonFriday.Intheconsequencefromthevariousominousreligionlegends,Fridaybecomeanunluckydayandevensometimecalledit“blackFriday”(ZhouYuan,2008).Inaddition,therewasakindofloopwiththirteenringsinthemiddleagesofwesternandalsothehankhasthirteensteps,theexecutioner’ssalaryarethirteencoins.ThisisthereasonwhythethirteenhappentobethesamedaywithFridaywouldbeominousandfierceinthewestcustom.Virusonthenetworkoftenbrokeoutintheday.Asopposedtothenumeralthirteen,westernpeoplepreferthenumeralthree,seven,nine,tenetc.NumeralthreeissocultbecauseitsymbolizesthegodofTrinitythatmeansunionofthreepersonsinChristianity—Father,Son,HolyspiritinoneGod.TherearethreevirtuesinChristianity:
loyalty,hope,andloveforothers.Numeralsevenhasthecloserelationshipwithsevenkindsofdeadlysinsinreligion:
Pride,Wrath,Envy,Lust,Gluttony,Avarice,andSloth,allofwhichwarnpeoplethatonlythroughthispurgatorycanpeoplegetintotheheaven.Aspeopleallwellknowninthewesternculture,ChristianbelievesGodcreatedeverythingintheworldinsevendays,soaweekexpressedinsevendayshasbecometheworld’suniversaltimingmethod.Meanwhile,Jesustoldpeopleforgiveothersasmanyasseventimes;thevirginMaryhadsevenhappythings,sevensadthings;theholyspirithassevengift;person’slifeisdividedintosevengrowthperiod;theprayeroflordsisdividedintosevenparts.AllofabovespecificexamplesmentionedhavecloserelationshipwithreligionandChristianlegends.What’smore,sincethesevenarchbishopsinGreek,sowesternrel