语法填空解题技巧与训练.docx
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语法填空解题技巧与训练
语法填空解题技巧与训练
语法填空题的四大命题特点
了解和研究高考语法填空题的命题特点,对师生复习备考,都大有裨益。
从语法填空
题空格的设置来看,至少应当包括以下4个特点:
1.考查语法。
每一个空格的设置都必定涉及到某一条或某几条语法规则,不会单纯考查单
词的拼写和词组的用法。
例1InGreece,womenhadlittlefreedom.Wealthywomenhardlylefttheirhouses,but
they______(allow)toattendweddingsandsomefestivals.解析:
因allow与they在逻辑上是动宾关系,要用被动语态,用beallowed;由had,left可
知be是一般过去式;主语是复数they,be的过去式是were,答案是wereallowed。
点评:
此题就涉及到动词的时态、语态和主谓一致三条语法规则。
例2The______whyIwassadwasthathedidn'tunderstandme.解析:
因为why引导的定语从句,前面的先行词一定是reason。
点评:
此题看起来好像是考查填入恰当的名词,但实际上是考查定语从句。
像下题这样重点考查单词拼写的试题,在高考语法填空题中出现的机会是不大的。
例3Itwas_______(笨拙的)touseasoneofthepointsofreferencewasthemovingshipitself.
解析:
此题答案为awkward。
点评:
解答此题与句子意思理解无关,与语境更无关系,也
与语法规则无多大关系,只考查单词的识记。
2.考虑语境。
既然采用短文的形式来考查语法,其目的就是要利用短文有较强语境的特点
来命题,否则,就不如用单句来考查语法了。
也就是说,考生要填出正确答案,至少需理解
整个句子的意思或各分句之间的逻辑关系,或者需要理解前后几个句子,甚至整个段落或
篇章。
例4Severalchangeshavebroughtwildanimalstothe.Foremost,airandwaterqualityinmanycitieshaveimprovedasaresultofthe1970'spollutioncontrolefforts…
解析:
在冠词the后必定是名词,再根据下句可确定要填cities。
点评:
本题若只根据设空句本身,而不阅读并理解下文,是不可能填出正确答案的。
诚然,像下列之类无需考虑语境的试题也有可能出现,但笔者认为,即使有,也不会多。
例5Ishouldhaveknownwhentoholdfastandwhentoletgo,whichcanhelpmeavoid______
(feel)greatpressureandupset.
解析:
因为在avoid后作宾语的动词只能用-ing形式,所以答案为feeling。
点评:
只要知道avoid后接动词的-ing形式,就可填出答案,考生无需理解上下文,也无需理解本句句意即可填出答案,即解答此题无需考虑语境。
3.考点分散。
基本上一个空格代表一个语法点,10个空有可能涉及到10个语法点,至少也得有7个语法点。
笔者认为,即使对一些非常重要的语法项目,如动词时态、非谓语动词、不定代词等,单独一项也可能是一空,至多两空,设三空的可能性是极小的。
4.适当提示。
笔者认为,一般不会有“连词”“冠词”“介词”之类的中文提示,因为纯属多此一举,考生完全可以从句子的结构中或语境中推断出来。
例5…daydreamingis______(冠词)wasteoftime.
……)结构,显然应当填解析:
waste作“浪费”解,是不可数名词,或者用于awasteof(浪费
a。
点评:
因awasteoftime/money(浪费时间/金钱)是一个固定搭配,考生知道这一点,无需提示,正确填出也只是举手之劳,否则,有中文提示也无济于事,只能瞎碰。
例6Haveyoueverbeeninameeting______(连词)someonewasmakingaspeechand
realizedsuddenlythatyourmindwasamillionmilesaway?
解析:
因Haveyoueverbeeninameeting是个句子,someonewasmakingaspeech也是句子,两个句子之间必定要用一个连词连接,由两句间的意义关系可知填while。
点评:
两句之间没有分号,也没有连词,结构不完整,一定是填连词,中文提示是画蛇添足。
但是若涉及到动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、词类转换等需要词形变化的空格,有可能有英文单词的提示,因为重点在于考查语法规则,而不是单词拼写。
例7Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_____(reach)arecord
US$57.65abarrelonApril4.
解析:
reach及后面的内容是伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果,用现在分词作状语,故填reaching。
例8Itwouldbe______(believe)thatsuchanhonestfellowshouldhavebetrayedhisfriends!
解析:
因为在系动词be后作表语,要用believe的形容词形式believable;由句意“这样一个老实人竟会出卖朋友,真难以置信!
”可知,还要在前面加上表示相反意义的前缀un,答案为unbelievable。
语法填空的考查范围:
1语境(上下文);
2语法:
动词(时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式)、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭
配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装等。
语法填空的能力要求:
1.阅读/理解语篇的能力
2.分析句子结构的能力
3.熟练运用语法的能力
4.单词拼写能力
5.句子的类型:
简单句(五种基本结构)
并列句(转折;因果;联合;选择)
名词性从句;形容词性从句;副词性从句)复合句(
名词性从句包括(主语从句;宾语从句;表语从句;同位语从句)
形容词性从句――定语从句
副词性从句――状语从句(时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,条件,
方式,让步)
考察特点
一、动词(谓语/非谓语)
给出动词的原形,根据句子结构的需要给出其适当的形式。
填动词形式,首先抓住主
谓结构,确定主句,剩下的部分,如有连词,则是句子,仍然有主谓结构,否则就用非谓语;
是谓语就思考时态,语态,主谓一致,是非谓语就看主动被动,有否先后关系。
1…MsChen(teach)meEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmyappreciationI
decidedtogetherapresent.(广州一模)
2…IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhot
food.(广州一模)
3…Theexam,whichwasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,______(change)tothelibraryat
thelastminute..(广州二模)
4Ihadtoleaveworktotakehimtothehospitalbecausehe__________(break)hisfinger.(深
二模)
5Thechild,NicoleHobson,(take)byhermothertoChildren'sMemorialHospitalabout
11p.m.,Wednesdaytocheck…(汕头二模)
6Atransitspokesmansaidthedrivershould(make)radiocalltothecontrolcenterfor
help.(汕头二模)
7AnofficialfromtheMinistryofEducationsaidthatChinafollowsaneducationalpolicythat
(encourage)studentstostudyabroad.(茂名二模)
8Oneofthemwasavisitor,sayinghewouldn’thavebeenthereifhe______(watch)theweatherforecastthedaybefore.(梅州二模)
9.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson(receive)thegift.(广州一模)
10…Withtheproblem(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement..(广州二模)
11…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft_________(complete)thetest..(广州二模)
12.There,(place)neatlybesidetheemptydish,weretwonickelsandfivepennies—hertip!
(深一模)
13.(compare)withthepreviousyear,thenumberofstudentswhowentabroadforstudywasincreasedby15,000,orariseof13%.(茂名二模)
14.StormssweptalongNewMexico'sborderwithTexasonFriday,______(destroy)homesandotherbuildingsandinjuring…(梅州二模)
15(Wemustpracticespeakingand(write)thelanguagewheneverwecan.16(butitisnotenoughonly(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.(佛山一模)
17.Thetelevisionviewermakesnochoiceandnojudgment.Heiscompletelypassiveandhaseverything______(present)tohimwithoutanyeffortonhispart.(东莞一模)
Keys:
1.hastaught/hasbeenteaching/hadtaught/hadbeenteaching2.wastold/hadbeentold3.waschanged4.hadbroken5.wasbeingtaken6.havemade7.encourages8.hadwatched9.receiving10.solved
11.tocomplete12.placed13.compared14.destroying15.writing16.tomemorize17.
Presented
二、代词挖掉代词,句子的结构受到破坏,句子间出现不连贯。
1.…Ipatientlywalkedtothelibrary,tookmyseatanddidsomedeepbreathingtohelp
relax.(广州二模)
2.Thelittleboypulledrighthandoutofthepocketandstudiedanumberofcoinsinit.(深一模)
3.…thedriverdidtohelpandevenstoppedoncetopickupmorepassengers.(汕头
二模)
4(Ifyougiveyourchildren…thattheycanneverdoanythingquiteright,thentheywillregardasunfitorunablepersons.(深圳罗湖)
5.Some134,000Chinesestudentswenttostudyabroad,and120,000ofwereself-fundedstudents,…(茂名二模)
6(Firstly,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehearspoken.(佛山一模)
Keys:
1.myself2.his3.nothing4.themselves5.them6.it
三、定语从句的引导词(
必须根据定语从句的信息和先行词进行推断,从而补出引导词,这本身就是考查逻辑思维能
力。
1.…Theexam,wasoriginallytobeheldinourclassroom,waschangedtothelibraryatthelastminute.(广州二模)
2…ThenIwenttothedepartmentstoreIworkedpart-timeandboughtheran
expensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef.(广州一模)
3.Itwasapoemaboutme,______includedthetime…(深二模)
4.Atthesametime,therehadbeenagrowingnumberofoverseasstudents____camebacktoChinaafterstudy.(茂名二模)
5.MoreandmoreChinesestudentsgoabroadforstudy,issupportedbytheChinesegovernment.(茂名二模)
Keys:
1.which2.where3.which4.who5.which
四、连词(从属连词/并列连词)
A)引导各种从句的连词叫从属连词。
如名词性从句的引导词what,who,which,when,where,
whatever,whoever,whichever,whether;副词从句引导词where,wherever,when,if,how,unless,
until…
1.…Manythingsmustbeconsideredsuchasthepersonisinterestedinandhow
oldheis.(广州一模)
2.Myfaceturnedredonhearing__mymothersaid.(惠州一模)
3.Shewouldpointouttheyhadmasteredanddeclaredfirmlytheycouldlearnwhattheyhadmissed.(深圳罗湖)
4(TheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics(儿科)sayschildrenreallyneedforhealth
developmentismoregood,old-fashionedplaytime.(四校联考)
5.Ialmoststartedtoyellhisname_____Isuddenlyrememberedhewasinbedasleep.(深二模)
6.childrenbelievetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependent.7.StatisticsshowthatChinacarriedouttheopening-uppolicy,atotalofonemillionstudentshavegoneabroadforstudy.(茂名二模)
8(wearesatisfiedwithonlyafewruleswehavememorized,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.(佛山一模)
9.Somepeople,however,maintainthatthisisprecisely_________thedangerlies.Keys:
1.what2.what3.what4.what5.when6.Unless7.since8.If9.where
B)并列句的各种关联词叫并列连词。
如and,but,or,though,although,so…挖掉关联词,要
想补上连词,思路必须与作者思路相吻合。
1(…Ihadnoideahowtodoit.ItriedtostaypositiveandperseveredIfinallyfoundthesolution.(广州二模)
2(…IaskedmyclassmatesaboutherinterestImademyfinaldecision.(广
州一模)
3.Tom,an8—year—oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshopsatatatable.(深一模)
4.Itisdifficultforparentsofnearlyeveryfamilytoteachtheirchildrentoberesponsibleforhousework,withoneofthefollowingsuggestions,youreallycangetyourchildrentohelpathome.(深圳罗湖)
Keys:
1.until2.and3.and4.but
五、挖掉表示起承转合的副词或副词性短语
此功能于关联词相似。
只是这种副词(短语)在用法上更加灵活多变。
典型的有though,
however,also,therefore,
still,besides,inaddition,instead,or,otherwise,first,second,then,finally,inaword等等。
1(This,,didn’tbothermebecausemathshadalwaysbeenmystrongestsubject.
(广州二模)
2.Don’talwaysscoldandgivelotsofpraise.(深圳罗湖)
Keys:
1.however2.instead
六、特殊句型(或固定短语)考查对固定结构(短语)的熟悉掌握程度。
属于字词层面考查
语法。
1.Itwasnotlongthewaitresscamebackandthenshebegantowipedownthetable.
2.…wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatMSG!
(广州一模)
3.SocarelesswasI_______Ihadforgottenallaboutthat.(深二模)
4.…"asamatterof_,youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievement…(惠州一模)
5(WhenCarettson,29,apassenger,wastryingtobringNicole'slife…(汕头二模)
6.Thechildwasstrickenaboutamileawaythehospital.(汕头二模)
Keys:
1.before2.It3.that4.fact5.back6.from
七、冠词
1(…ButmymoodquicklychangedwhenIsaw_____firstquestion.(广州二模)
2…ThenIwenttothedepartmentstore…andboughtherexpensivegiftboxofSichuanbeef..(广州一模)
3.Tom,8—year—oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop.(深一模)
4(HetalkedabouthowIwrestledwithhimintheeveningsand_____goodmanyotherthings.(深二模)
5.Itoldthebusdriverthatmybabyhadjusthadheartoperationandthatshewashaving___heartfailure.(汕头二模)
6.Televisionisnotonlyaconvenientsourceofentertainment,butalso_____comparativelycheapone.(东莞一模)
Keys:
1.the2.an3.an4.a5.a6.a
八、词形变化或者词性变化(
给出单词的原形,通过句子分析,缺少什么成分,再用正确的单词形式补充完整。
这
属于比较基础的单词拼写方面的能力要求。
1…MrC