北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析.docx

北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析.docx

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北京大学博士英语考试试题及解析

PartTwo:

StructureandWrittenExpression（20%）

Directions:

Foreachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked、MarkyourchoicesontheAnswerSheet、

11.Whethertheextensionofconsciousnessisa“goodthing”forhumanbeingisaquestionthat

awidesolution、

A.admitsofB、requiresofC、needsofD、seeksfor

12.Inaculturelikeours,longallthingsasameansofcontrol,itissometimesabitofashocktoberemindedthatthemediumisthemessage、

A.accustomedtosplitanddivided

B.accustomedtosplittinganddividing

C.accustomedtosplitanddividing

D.accustomedtosplittinganddivided

13.Applepieisneithergoodnorbad;itisthewayitisusedthatdeterminesitsvalue、

A、atitselfB、asitselfC、onitselfD、initself

14.usearlier,yourrequesttothefull、

A、Youhavecontacted…wecouldcomplywith

B、Hadyoucontacted…wecouldhavecompliedwith

C、Youhadcontacted…couldwehavecompliedwith

D、Haveyoucontacted…wecouldcomplywith

15.TheAmericanRevolutionhadnomedievallegalinstitutionstoortorootout,apartfrommonarchy、

A、discardB、discreetC、discordD、disgorge

16、Livingconstantlyintheatmosphereofslave,hebecameinfectedtheunconscioustheirpsychology、Noonecanshieldhimselfsuchaninfluence、

A、on…by…atB、by…for…in

C、from…in…onD、through…with…from

17、Theeffectofelectrictechnologyhadatfirstbeenanxiety、Nowitappearstocreate

、

A、boreB、boredC、boredomD、bordom

18、Jazztendstobeacasualdialogueformofdancequiteinthereceptiveandmechanicalformsofthewaltz、

A、lackedB、lackingC、forlackofD、lackof

19、Therearetoomanycomplainsaboutsocietymovetoofasttokeepupwiththemachine、

A、thathavetoB、havetoC、havingtoD、hasto

20、Thepoorgirlspentoverhalfayearinthehospitalbutsheisnowforit、

A、nonetheworseB、nonethebetter

C、neverworseD、neverbetter

21、Asthesilentfilmsound,sodidthesoundfilmcolor、

A、criedoutfor…criedoutforB、cryoutfor…cryoutfor

C、hadcriedoutfor…criedoutforD、hadcriedoutfor…cryoutfor

22、Whilehiseffortsweretremendoustheresultsappearedtobevery、

A、triggerB、meagerC、vigorD、linger

23、Westernmanishimselfbeingde-Westernizedbyhisownspeed-up,byindustrialtechnology、

A、asmuchtheAfricansaredetribalized

B、theAfricansaremuchbeingdetribalized

C、asmuchastheAfricansarebeingdetribalized

D、asmuchastheAfricansaredetribalized

24、Weadmirehiscourageandself-confidence、

A、canbutB、cannotonlyC、cannotbutD、canonlybut

25、Inthe1930’s,whenmillionsofcomicbooksweretheyoungwithfightingandkilling,nobodyseemedtonoticethattheviolenceofcarsinthestreetswasmorehysterical、

A、inundatingB、imitatingC、immolatingD、insulating

26、youpromiseyouwillworkhard,supportyoutocollege、

A、Ifonly…willIB、Only…Iwill

C、Onlyif…willID、Onlyif…Iwill

27、ItisoneoftheironiesofWesternmanthathehasneverfeltinventionasathreattohiswayoflife、

A、anyconcernwithB、anyconcernabout

C、anyconcerninD、anyconcernat

28、Oneroomschools,withallsubjectsbeingtaughttoallgradesatthesametime,simply

whenbettertransportationpermitsspecializedspacesandspecializedteaching、

A、resolvedB、absolvedC、dissolvedD、solved

29、Peoplearelivinglongerandnotsavingenough,whichmeanstheywilleitherhavetowork

longer,livelessinretirementorbailedbythegovernment、

A、in…for…upB、for…on…out

C、by…in…onD、on…for…out

30、Thecountrysdeficitthatyeartoarecord1698billiondollars

A、soaredB、souredC、soredD、sourced

PartThree:

CloseTest（10%）

Directions:

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandchooseONEbestwordforeachnumberedblank、MarkyouranswersontheAnswerSheet、

2009wastheworstyearfortherecordlabelsinadecade31was2008,andbeforethat2007and2006、Infact,industryrevenueshavebeen32forthepast10years、Digitalsalesaregrowing,butnotasfastastraditionalsalesarefalling、

Maybethat’sbecauseillegaldownloadsaresoeasy、Peoplehavebeen33intellectualpropertyforcenturies,butitusedtobeatime-consumingwaytogeneratemarkedly34copies、Thesedays,high-qualitycopiesare35、AccordingtothePewInternetproject,peopleusesoftwaremoreoftenthantheydoiTunesandotherlegalshops、

I’dliketobelieve,asmanyofmyfriendsseemto,thatthispracticewon’tdomuchharm、ButevenasI’veheardoverthepastdecadethatthingsweren’t36bad,thatthemusicindustrywasmovingtoanew,betterbusinessmodel,eachyear’snumbershavebeenworse、Maybeit’stimetoadmitthatwemayneverfindawayto37consumerswhowantfreeentertainmentwithcreatorswhowanttogetpaid、

38onthisproblem,thecomputationalneuroscientistAndersSandbergrecentlynotedthatalthoughwehavestronginstinctivefeelingsaboutownership,intellectualpropertydoesn’talways39thatframework、Theharmdonebyindividualactsofpiracyistoosmallandtooabstract、“Thenatureofintellectualproperty,”hewrote,“makesithardtomaintainthesocialandempathic40thatkeep（s）usfromtakingeachother’sthings、”

31、A、AsB、SameC、ThusD、So

32、A、stagnatingB、decliningC、increasingD、stultifying

33、A、takingB、robbingC、stealingD、pirating

34、A、upgradedB、inferiorC、ineffectiveD、preferable

35、A、numerousB、ubiquitousC、accessibleD、effortless

36、A、soB、thisC、thatD、much

37、A、satisfyB、helpC、reconcileD、equate

38、A、BasedB、CapitalizingC、ReflectingD、Drawing

39、A、matchupwithB、fillinC、fitintoD、setup

40、A、constraintsB、consciousnessC、normD、etiquette

PartIV:

ReadingComprehension（20%）

Directions:

Eachofthefollowingfourpassagesisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements、Foreachquestionorunfinishedstatement,fouranswersaregiven、Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion、MarkyourchoicesontheAnswerSheet、

PassageOne

Cancerhasalwaysbeenwithus,butnotalwaysinthesameway、Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime,ofcourse,butso,too,haveitsidentity,visibility,andmeanings、Pickupthethreadofhistoryatitsmostdistantendandyouhavecancerthecrab—sonamedeitherbecauseoftheramifyingvenousprocessesspreadingoutfromatumororbecauseitspainislikethepinchofacrab’sclaw、Premoderncancerisalump,aswellingthatsometimesbreaksthroughtheskininulcerationsproducingfoul-smellingdischarges、TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome,andtheGreeksmadeadistinctionbetweenbenigntumors（oncos）andmalignantones（carcinos）、InthesecondcenturyA.D.,Galenreckonedthatthecausewassystemic,anexcessofmelancholyorblackbile,oneofthebody’sfour“humors,”broughtonbybaddietandenvironmentalcircumstances、Ancientmedicalpractitionerssometimescuttumorsout,buttheprognosiswasknowntobegrim、Describingtumorsofthebreast,anEgyptianpapyrusfromabout1600B.C.concluded:

“Thereisnotreatment、”

Theexperienceofcancerhasalwaysbeenterrible,but,untilmoderntimes,itsmarkontheculturehasbeenlight、Inthepast,fearcoagulatedaroundotherwaysofdying:

infectiousandepidemicdiseases（plague,smallpox,cholera,typhus,typhoidfever）;“apoplexies”（whatwenowcallstrokesandheartattacks）;and,mostnotablyinthenineteenthcentury,“consumption”（tuberculosis）、Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind—asitnowis、ThisisonereasonthatthemedicalhistorianRoyPorterwrotethatcanceris“themoderndiseaseparexcellence,”andthatMukherjeecallsit“thequintessentialproductofmodernity、”

Atonetime,itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization,”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodernlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence、Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,somephysiciansattributedcancer—notablyofthebreastandtheovaries—topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses、WilliamBuchan’swildlypopulareighteenth-centurytext“DomesticMedicine”judgedthatcancersmightbecausedby“excessivefear,grief,religiousmelancholy、”Inthenineteenthcentury,referencewasrepeatedlymadetoa“cancerpersonality,”and,insomeversions,specificallytosexualrepression、AsSusanSontagobserved,cancerwasconsideredshameful,nottobementioned,evenobscene、AmongtheRomanticsandtheVictorians,sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement;cancerdeathwasnothingofthesort、“Itseemsunimaginable,”Sontagwrote,“toaestheticize”cancer、

41、Accordingtothepassage,theancientEgyptians、

A、calledcancerthecrab

B、wereabletodistinguishbenigntumorsandmalignantones

C、foundoutthecauseofcancer

D、knewaboutalotofmalignanttumors

42、Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecancersofthepastisbestsupportedbythepassage?

A、Ancientpeopledidnotlivelongenoughtobecomepronetocancer

B、Inthepast,peopledidnotfearcancer

C、Cancerdeathmightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement

D、Somephysiciansbelievedthatonesownbehavioralmodecouldleadtocancer

43、Whichofthefollowingisthereasonforcancertobecalled“themoderndisease”?

A、Moderncancercareisveryeffective

B、Thereisalotmorecancernow

C、Peopleunderst