地质等专业词汇.docx
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地质等专业词汇
狂奔的蜗牛
normalstress,法向应力
oedometercurve,压缩曲线
optimummoisturecontent,最优含水率
piping,管涌
plasticlimit,塑限
plasticityindex,塑性指标
porewaterpressure,孔隙水压力
porosity,空隙率
principalstress,主应力
proctorcompactiontest,普氏击实试验
relativedensity,相对密度
sandreplacementmethod,罐砂法
saturability(saturationdegree,percentsaturation),饱和度
saturatedunitweight,饱和容重
seepagedeformation,渗透变形
seepageforce(seepagepressure),渗透力
seepageline,渗透线
seepagespeed,渗透速度
shearstress,切向应力(剪应力)
shrinkagelimit,缩限
skip(gap,jump)grading,间断级配
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specificgravityofsoilparticle,土粒比重
steadyseepagefield,稳定渗流场
stresspath,应力路径
totalstrengthenvelope,总强度包线
triaxialcompressiontest,三轴压缩试验
unconfinedcompressionstrength,无侧限压缩试验
unconsolidatedundrainedtest,不固结不排水剪(快剪)试验
variableheadmethod,变水头法
void(pore)ratio,空隙比
waterreplacementmethod,罐水法
wetdensity,湿密度
Ⅳ、其他建筑材料
钢筋(steel)
bendingandunbending,反复弯曲
coldbendingtest,冷弯试验
elongationtest,拉伸试验
nominaldiameter,公称直径
ratioofelongation,伸长率
relaxationtest,松弛试验
steelstrand,钢绞线
tensileyieldstrength,抗拉屈服强度
ultimatetensilestrength,极限抗拉强度
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木材(wood)
crushingstrengthparalleltothegrain,顺纹抗压强度
tensilestrengthparalleltothegrain,顺纹抗拉强度
crushingstrengthacrossthegrain,横纹抗压强度
tensilestrengthacrossthegrain,横纹抗拉强度
沥青(asphalt)
brittletemperaturetest,脆化点试验
expansiontest,延伸度试验
penetrationtest,针入度试验
softeningpointtest,软化点试验
testofaging,老化试验
viscositytest,粘滞性试验
Ⅴ、质量管理(qualitymanagement)
average,平均值
deviationstandard(errorofmeansquares),均方差
deviationcoefficient(dispersioncoefficient),离差系数
indexofcorrelation,相关系数
managementlimit,管理界限
mathematicstatistics,数理统计
maximum,最大值
minimum,最小值
normaldistribution,正态分布
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qualityassurance,质量保证
qualityexamination,质量检测
regressioncurve,回归曲线
relativedampness,相对湿度
samplecapacity,样本容量
samplefrequency,取样频率
specimen,样品
statisticalanalysis,统计分析
technicalspecification,技术规范
technicalstandard,技术标准
testingcircumstance,试验环境
testingerror,试验误差
testingregulation,试验规程
varianceanalysis,方差分析
地质(geology)
地质年代(geochronologyofgeologicages)
Archaeozoicera(erathem),太古代(界)
Proterozoicera(erathem),元古代(界)
Palaeozoicera(erathem),古生代(界)
Mesozoicera(erathem),中生代(界)
Cenozoicera(erathem),新生代(界)
Sinianperiod(system),震旦纪(系)
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Cambrianperiod(system),寒武纪(系)PreCambrianperiod(system)前寒武纪(系)
Ordovicianperiod(system),奥陶纪(系)
Silurianperiod(system),志留纪(系)
Devonianperiod(system),泥盆纪(系)
Carboniferousperiod(system),石炭纪(系)
Permianperiod(system),二叠纪(系)
Triassicperiod(system),三叠纪(系)
Jurassicperiod(system),侏罗纪(系)
Cretaceousperiod(system),白垩纪(系)
Tertiaryperiod(system),第三纪(系)
Quaternaryperiod(system),第四纪(系)
地质构造(geologicstructure)
fault,断层
normalfault,正断层
reversedfault,逆断层
paralledfault,平移断层
gouge,断层泥
stria,擦痕
joint,节理
primaryjoint,原生节理
secondary,次生节理
tensionjoint,张节理
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unloadingjoint,卸荷节理
schistosity,片理
bedding,层理
foliation,板理(叶理)
ripplemark,波痕
mudcrack,泥痕
rainprint,雨痕
orientationofbedrock,岩层产状
strike,走向
dip,倾向
angleofdip(dipangle),倾角
fold,褶皱
anticline,背斜
syncline,向斜
monocline(homocline),单斜
dome,穹隆
softstratum,软弱岩层
zoneoffracture(brokenzone),破碎带
affectedzone,影响带
platystructure,板状构造
cleavage,解理
fracture(rupture),断裂
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fissure(crack,fracture),裂隙
岩石类型(rocktype)
petrology,岩石学
igneousrock,火成岩
magmaticrock,岩浆岩
lava(vocanicrock),火山岩
intrusive(invade)rock,侵入岩
effusiverock,喷出岩
plutonicrock,深成岩
pypabyssalrock,浅成岩
acidrock,酸性岩
inter-mediaterock,中性盐
basicrock,基性岩
ultrabasicrock,超基性岩
granite,花岗岩
porphyry,斑岩
porphyrite,玢岩
rhyolite,流纹岩
syenite,正长岩
trachyte,粗面岩
diorite,闪长岩
andesite,安山岩
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gabbro,辉长岩
basalt,玄武岩
aplite,细晶岩
pegmatite,伟晶岩
lamprophyre,煌斑岩
diabase,辉绿岩
dunite,橄榄岩
pumice,浮岩
sedimentaryrock,沉积岩
clastic,碎屑岩
clayrock,黏土岩
chemicalrock,化学岩
biolith,生物岩
conglomerate,砾岩
siltstone,粉砂岩
mudstone,泥岩
shale,页岩
salinerock,岩盐
limestone,石灰岩
dolomite,白云岩
marl,泥灰岩
volcanicbreccia,火山角砾岩
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volcanicagglomerate,火山块集岩
tuff,凝灰岩
metamorphicrock,变质岩
slate,板岩
phyllite,千枚岩
schist,片岩
gneiss,片麻岩
quartzite,石英岩
marble,大理岩
mylonite,糜棱岩
migmatite,混合岩
cataclasite,碎裂岩
sediment(deposit),沉积物、沉积层
boulder,漂石、顽石
cobble,卵石
gravel,砾石
sand,砂
silt,粉土
clay,粘土
sandyclay,砂质粘土
clayeysand,粘质砂土
sandyloam,壤土、亚黏土
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regolith(topsoil),浮土(表土)
loess,黄土
laterite,红土
peat,泥炭
ooze,软泥(海泥)
造岩矿物(rock-formingminerals)
talc,滑石
gypsum,海石
calcite,方解石
fluorite,萤石
apatite,磷灰石
feldspar,长石
quartz,石英
topaz,黄玉
corundum,刚玉
diamand,金刚石
orthoclase,正长石
plagloclase,斜长石
biotite,黑云母
muscovite,白云母
amphibole,角闪石
phroxene,辉石
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olivine,橄榄石
dolomite,白云石
kaolinite,高岭石
montmorillonite,蒙脱石
bentonite,斑脱石(膨润土)
illite,依砾石
garnet,石榴子石
chlorite,绿泥石
serpentine,蛇纹石
pyrite,黄铁矿
hematite,赤铁矿
magnetite,磁铁矿
limonite,褐铁矿
工程地质(engineeringgeology)
geotechnics(geotechnique),土工学、土工技术、岩石工程
rockmechanics,岩石力学
soilmechanics,土力学
geomechanics,地质力学(岩石力学)
engineeringgeologicalconditions,工程地质条件
engineeringgeologicalproblems,工程地质问题
rockmassstructure,岩体结构
geographicandgeomorphicconditions,地形地貌条件
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geophysicalphenomenon,物理地质现象
hydrogeologicalconditions,水文地质条件
naturalmaterials,天然材料
reservoir,水库
settlement,沉降
displacement,位移
deformation,变形
tectonicstress,构造应力
residualstress,残余应力
angleofinternalfriction,内摩擦角
cohesion,内聚力(凝聚力、粘聚力)
pressuretunnel,压力隧洞
undergroundcavern/cavity,地下洞室
overburden,覆盖物
bedrock(baserock,foundationrock),基岩
firmrock(soundrock),硬岩
weakrock(softrock),软岩
interbed,夹层
zoneoffracture(brokenzones),破碎带
homogeneity,均质性
nonhomogeneity(heterogeneity),非均质性
isotropy,各向同性
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anisotropy,各向异性
矿物质的物理性质(physicalcharacterofminerals)
hardness,硬度
luster,光泽
color,颜色
transparency(pellucidity),透明度
streak,条痕
rent(fracture),断口
crystalform,晶形
岩石学(petrology)
classification,分类
structure,构造
texture,结构
fabric,组成
mineralcomposition,矿物组成
crystalline,结晶质
amorphoussubstance,非晶质
fossil,化石
degreeofrounding,磨圆度
degreeofgrains,粒度
地层地貌(stratumandphysiognomy)
basin,盆地
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rivervalley,河谷
riverbed,河床
topography,地形
terrain,地势
attitude,产状
rockbase(batholite),岩基
rockstock,岩株
rockflow,岩流
rockloccolith,岩盖
rocklopolith,岩盆
rockdike,岩墙
rocksill,岩床
veindyke,岩脉
sediment(deposit),沉积物(层)
alluvium,冲击物(层)
proluvium(diluvium),洪积物(层)
deluvium,坡积物(层)
eluvium,残积物(层)
eoliandeposit,风积物(层)
lakedeposit,湖积物(层)
marinedeposit,海积物(层)
glacial(drift)deposit,冰川沉积物(层)
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12狂奔的蜗牛
colluvialdeposit(colluvium),崩积物(层)
cross-bedding,交错层
geologicstructure,地质构造
geotectonics,大地构造学
graben,地堑
horst,地垒
cordance(conformity),整合
discordance(unconformity),不整合
deceptivecordance/conformity,假整合
地质作用(physicalgeologyaction)
weathering,风化
erosion,侵岩
transportation,搬运
deposition/sediment,沉积
denudation,剥蚀
corrasion,磨蚀
corrosion,腐蚀
dissolution,溶蚀
landslide,滑坡
collapse(rockfall),崩塌
mudflow,泥石流
earthquake,地震
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intensity,烈度
magnitude,震级
水文(hydrology)
groundwater(subsurfacewater),地下水
surfacewater,地表水
atmosphericwater,大气水
runoff,径流
freshwater(plainwater,sweetwater),淡水
riverflow/discharge,河水流量
peakfloodflow,洪峰流量
floodoutflow,洪水下卸流量
dryseason,枯水季
wetseason,丰水季
flood(raining)season,汛期
non-floodseason,非汛期
5%frequencyflood,20年一遇洪水
floodcontrol,防汛
(二)工程施工、机电类
金属结构(hydromechanicalwork)
闸门(gate)
servicegate,工作门
emergencygate,事故门
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maintenancegate,检修门
sectorgate,弧型闸门
eccentrichingesectorgate,偏心铰弧型闸门
planegate,平面闸门
fixedwheelplanegate,定轮平面闸门
trashrack,拦污栅
trashrake,清污机
预埋件(embeddedparts)
sill,底坎
mainguide,主轨
auxiliaryguide,副轨
reverseguide,反轨
sideguide,侧轨
lintel,门楣
steelliner,钢衬
highpressurewaterpipe,高压冲水管
pressurebalancewaterpipe,冲水平压管
组件/部件(assembly/parts)
gateleaf,门叶
crank,拐臂
arm,支臂
seal,水封
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mainseal,主水封
topseal,顶水封
sideseal,侧水封
bottomseal,底水封
auxiliaryseal,辅助水封,节流器
clipplate,压板
slideblock,滑块
reverseslideblock,反向滑块
sideslideblock,侧向滑块
fixedwheel,定轮
mainwheel,主轮
sidewheel,侧轮
ballast,配重
liftingear,吊耳
liftinglink,拉杆
trunnion,支铰
hinge,铰链
hingedsupport,铰座
hingedshaft,铰轴
cover,端盖
trunnionbeam,支铰梁
doggingbeam,锁定量
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启闭机(hoist)
wireropehoist,固定卷扬机
hydraulichoist,液压启闭机
monorailhoist,单轨启闭机
overheadcrane,桥机
bridgecrane,桥机
supportframe,机架
reducer,减速器
motor,电动机
pulley,滑轮
livepulley,动滑轮
fixedpulley,定滑轮
equalizerpulley,平衡滑轮
drum,卷筒
steelwirerope,钢丝绳
positionsensor,高度传感器
loadsensor,荷载传感器
brake,制动器
hydraulicsystem,液压系统
oilcylinder,油缸
pistonrod,活塞缸
pumpstation,泵站
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oiltank,油箱
pipe,管道
filter,过滤器
accumulator,蓄能器
lubricatingoil,润滑油
valve,阀
logicvalve,逻辑阀
checkvalve,单向阀
ballvalve,球阀
cartridgevalve,插装阀
solenoidoperateddirectionalvalve,电磁换向阀
门式起重机(gantrycrane)
rail,轨道
liftingmechanism,起升机构
travelingmechanism,运行机构
inspectiontrolley,检修小车
gantry,门架
supportcolumn,门腿
primarybeam,主梁
bridgebeam,横梁
crossbeam,端梁
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sidebeam,边梁
liftingbeam,起吊梁
hook,吊勾
buffer,缓冲装置
railclampingdevice,夹轨器
drivingwheel,主动轮
drivenwheel,从动轮
其他(others)
abnormalvibration,反常震动
activate,激活
anti-clockwise,逆时针
anticorrosion,防腐
carryon,继续