语言学概论复习题.docx

语言学概论复习题.docx

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语言学概论复习题

注：

我把重复的题目删掉了，选择题的答案，名词解释，问答题参考的书本页码也随这个文档一起上传了。

1.Differentfunctionalspeechvarietiesknownas（）areexpectedin,say,achurchsermon,adiplomaticencounter,afamilydinner,orasportsbroadcast.

A.registersB.styles

C.dialectsD.accents

2.（）isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemind.

A.PsycholinguisticsB.Sociolinguistics

C.LinguisticsD.Semantics

3.Chomskyusestheterm（）torefertotheactualrealizationofalanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticcommunication.

A.langueB.competence

C.paroleD.performance

4.TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby（）in1957.

A.L.BloomfieldB.F.Saussure

C.N.ChomskyD.M.A.K.Halliday

5.Naturallanguagesareviewedtovaryaccordingto（）setonUGprinciplestoparticularvalues.

A.AdjacentConditionB.parameters

C.CaseConditionD.Caserequirement

6.Synonymsareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thekindtowhich“girl”and“lass”belongiscalled（）synonyms.

A.stylisticB.dialectal方言

C.emotiveD.collocation

7.（）motivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguageinordertocommunicatewithnativespeakersofthetargetlanguage.

A.InstrumentalB.Functional

C.Integrative综合的D.Social

8.AccordingtoAustin,aspeaker,whilemakinganutterance,isinmostcasesperforming（）actssimultaneously.同时　（A）two　　　（B）three　　　（C）four　　　（D）five

9.Themajorcomponentsofatransformationalgrammarare（）

（A）syntactic,phonological,andsemantic　（B）base,deepstructure,andsurfacestructure

（C）deletion,copying,addition,andreordering　（D）generationandtransformation

10.ThepurposeofChomsky’sdefinitionistofocusattentiononthepurely（）propertiesoflanguage,andthesepropertiescanbestudiedfromamathematicallyprecisepointofview.

A.lexicalB.grammatical

C.semanticD.structural

11.Werefertothelimitedrangeofsoundsasthephonicmediumoflanguageandindividualsoundswithinthatrangeas（）.

A.vowelsB.consonants

C.soundsD.speechsounds

12.A（n）（）referstotheexistingformtowhichaderivationalaffixcanbeadded.

A.rootB.stem

C.affixD.morpheme

13.Allsentencesinalllanguagescanberepresentedbyconstituentstructuretrees,andallhavesyntacticrulesthatdeterminethelinearorderofwordsandtheir（）structure.

A.linearB.hierarchical分等级的

C.constituentD.syntactic

14Insemanticanalysisofasentence,a（n）（）isalogicalparticipantinapredication,largelyidenticalwiththenominalelementinasentence.

A.argumentB.subject

C.objectD.predicate

15.SpeakerA:

Canyouanswerthetelephone?

SpeakerB:

I’minthebath.

SpeakerBisviolatingthemaximof（）.

A.quantityB.quality

C.relationD.manner

16.Newwordsmaybeformedfromexistingwordsbytheremovalofasuffixthoughttobepartoftheoldword.Suchaprocessiscalled（）,e.g.,caretakefromcaretaker.

A.back-formation逆构法B.clipping

C.blendingD.abbreviating

17.Itisinsulting侮辱toawomantobecalledaspinster,butitisnotinsultingtoamantobecalledabachelor.Thereisnothinginherently固有的（）aboutthewordspinster.Theconnotationsreflectthesexistviewssocietyhasaboutanunmarriedwomanasopposedtoanunmarriedman.

A.importantB.unusual

C.pejorative轻蔑的D.commendatory

18.Humanlinguisticabilitydependsprimarilyonhuman（）.

A.brainB.vocalcords

C.tongueD.articulatoryorgans

19.Inthe（）stage,childrenbegintoproducelongerutteranceswithmorecomplexgrammaticalstructures.

A.prelinguisticB.one-word

C.two-wordD.multi-word

20.Thetone,definedaspitchvariation,isanimportantsuprasegmentalfeatureoftonelanguagessuchas（）.

A.ChineseB.English

C.ChineseandEnglishD.EnglishandFrench

21.Voicingasaqualityofspeechsoundsiscausedbythevibrationof（）.

A.thevelumB.thevocalcords

C.theglottisD.theuvula

22.Thewordsthatcontainonlyonemorphemearecalled（）.

A.boundmorphemesB.affixes

C.freemorphemesD.roots

23.Syntacticmovementisdictatedbyrulestraditionallycalled（）.

A.phasestructurerulesB.syntacticrules

C.lexicalrulesD.transformationalrules

24.Thenamingtheorywasproposedby（）.

A.theGreekscholarPlatoB.C.K.OgdenandI.A.Richards

C.theBritishlinguistJ.FirthD.theAmericanlinguistL.Bloomfield

25.Speechacttheorywasfirstproposedby（）.

A.JohnAustinB.JohnSearle

C.NoamChomskyD.JohnFirth

26.（）linguisticsreferstothestudyofalanguageorlanguagesatasinglepointintime,withoutreferencetoearlierorlaterstages.

A.DiachronicB.Synchronic限于一时的

C.HistoricalD.Comparative

27.Differentfunctionalspeechvarietiesknownas（）areexpectedin,say,achurchsermon,adiplomaticencounter,afamilydinner,orasportsbroadcast.

A.registersB.styles

C.dialectsD.accents

29.Ingeneral,children’sholophrasticsentencesbegin（）.

A.inthelatepartofthefirstyearortheearlypartofthesecondyear

B.inthesecondhalfofthesecondyear

C.betweentwoandthreeyearsold

D.betweenfourandfiveyearsold

40.Saussureused（　　　）torefertotheabstract抽象的linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

A.performanceB.parole

C.langueD.competence

41.InEnglish,aphonememayberepresentedbytwoormoreallophones.Thechoiceoftheallophoneis（　　　）

A.randomB.rule-governed

C.haphazardD.unpredictable

42.Inword-formation,a（　　　）isthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.

A.phonemeB.word

C.compoundD.morpheme

43.A（　　　）categoryusuallyreferstoawordorphrasethatperformsaparticulargrammaticalfunction,suchasthesubjectorpredicateinasentence.

A.lexicalB.phrasal

C.syntacticD.phonetic

44.Inthefollowingpairsofwords,（　　　）areapairofrelationalopposites.

A.”“buyand“sell”B.“male”and“female”

C.“hot”and“cold”D.“alive”and“dead”

45.Theillocutionarypointof（　　　）hasthecharacteristicthatthesuccessfulperformanceofanactofthiskindbringsaboutthecorrespondencebetweenwhatissaidandreality.

A.directivesB.declarations

C.commissivesD.representatives

46.OldEnglishhadarichcase-endingsystem,e.g.,OldEnglishnounhadfourcases,i.e.,nominative,genetive,dativeand（　　　）.

A.possessiveB.vocative

C.accusative宾格的D.locative

47.（　　　）dialectsarecharacteristicofaparticulartypeoflinguisticactivityandappropriateforuseinparticularspeechsituations.

A.SocialB.Ethnic

C.RegionalD.Situational

48.Lyingundertheskull,thehumanbraincontainsanaverageoftenbillionnervecellscalled（　　　）.

A.nervefibersB.nerves

C.neurons神经元D.cerebralcortex

49.Bythetimechildrenaregoingbeyondthe（　　　）stage,theybegintoincorporatesomeoftheinflectionalmorphemes.

A.telegraphicB.multiword

C.two-wordD.one-word

1.syntax

2.componentialanalysis

3.boundmorpheme

4.morphology

5.secondlanguageacquisition

6.appliedlinguistics

7.homonymy

8.bilingualism

9.linguistics

10.culturaltransmission（asadefiningfeatureofhumanlanguage）

11.language

12.semantics

1.AccordingtoJohnAustin’snewmodel,pleaseillustratethethreespeechactsaspeakermightbeperformingsimultaneouslywhenspeaking.

2.Whatarethemainfeaturesofhumanlanguages?

3.Howislanguagerelatedtosociety?

4.Whatdoespragmaticsstudy?

Howdoesitdifferfromtraditionalsemantics?

5.WhatisregisterasusedbyHalliday?

Illustrateitwithanexampleofyourown.

6.WhatarethefourmaximsoftheCP?

Trytogiveyourownexamplestoshowhowfloutingthesemaximsgiverisetoparticularizedconversationalimplicature?

Maximofquantitymaximofqualitymaximofrelationmaximofmanner