英语专业八级考试试题原题及答案解析.docx

英语专业八级考试试题原题及答案解析.docx

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英语专业八级考试试题原题及答案解析

PARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION

SECTIONAMINI-LECTURE

Inthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyonwillneedthemtocompleteagap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.whenthelectureisover,yonwillbegiventwominutestocheckyournotes,andanothertenminutestocompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONE.Usetheblanksheetfornote-taking.

题1-10

[原文]

Goodmorning,today'slecture,istheveryfirstofaseriesoflecturesonarthistory,soI'dliketospendsometimediscussingwithyouthefollowingtopic:

Whydoweneedtostudyarthistory?

Andwhatcanwelearnfromit?

Firstofall,I'dsay,ifyoustudyarthistory,thismightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculture,thanit'spossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Youknow,mosttypicalhistorycoursesconcentrateonpolitics,economicsandwar,butarthistoryfocusesonmuchmorethanthis.Becauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsotheirreligiousbeliefs,emotionsetc.Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestorscanbeprovidedbyart,likewhatpeopledidforaliving,whatkindofdresstheywore,whatceremoniestheyheldetc.Inshort,artcanexpresstheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace,andthestudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthancanbefoundinmosthistorybooksandenablesustolearnmorethingsabouthumansocietyandcivilization.

ThesecondpointI'dliketomakeisaboutthetypeofinformation.Inhistorybooks,informationisobjective,thatisfactsaboutpoliticaleconomiclifeofacountryaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed.Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective.Itreflectspersonalemotionsandopinions.Forexample,FranciscoGoyawasagreatSpanishpainterandalsoperhapsthefirsttrulypoliticalartist.Inhisfamouspainting,TheThirdofMay1808,heshowedsoldiersshootingagroupofsimplepeople.Hisdescriptionofsoldiersandtheirvictimshasbecomeasymboloftheenormouspowerorthemisuseofthispowerthatthegovernmentcanhaveoveritspeople.Over100yearslater,onanothercontinent,thepowerfulpaintingsofMexicanartistsdepictedtheirdeepangerandsadnessaboutsocialproblems.Insummary,throughartyoucanfindapersonalandemotionalviewofhistory.

Thirdly,artcanreflectaculture'sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,religiousartwasalmosttheonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatshowedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas（andstillis）,itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthattheseimagesareunholy.Thus,onpalaces,mosquesandotherbuildings,Islamicartistshavecreateduniquedecorationofgreatbeautywithimagesofflowersofgeometricforms,forexample,circles,squaresandtriangles.Thesameistrueofotherplaces,likeAfricaandPacificIslands.Artalsoreflectsthereligiousbeliefsoftraditionalculturesintheseplaces.Asamatteroffact,religionisthepurposeforthisartandit's,therefore,absolutelyessentialtoit.TraditionalartinAfricaandPacificIslandsisdifferentfromChristianart.Christianartinfluencespeople'sreligiousfeelingstowardsGod.ButthegoaloftraditionalartinAfricaandPacificIslandsistheinfluenceofspiritualpowers,thatisgodstoenterpeople'slives.Eachtribeorvillagetherehadspecialceremonieswithsongsanddancestomakesurethatcrops,animalsandpeoplearehealthyandincreasinginnumber.Thedancersintheceremonieswearmasks,headdressesandcostumesthattheybelievearenecessarytoinfluencegods.SOthesemasks,headdressesthemselves,arerevelrypartoftheart.

Aswesaid,artdependsonculture,differentformsofartresultfromdifferentcultures.Similarly,thewaythatpeopleviewartalsodependsontheirculturalbackground.Thisismyfourthpoint.FormostEuropeansandAmericans,artismainlyfordecoration.Itissomethingonamuseumwallorinaglasscase.Itmakestheirhomesmoreattractive.Peoplelookatitandadmireit:

"Oh,whatabeautifulpainting!

"Besides,ideasareexpressedinthisart.Thisisawonderfulstatue,andadmiringit,1mightsay:

"Itmakessuchastrongantiwarstatement."Butinotherplaces,artisnotconsideredtobeseparatedfromeverydayexistence.Ithasafunction,ithasapracticalroletoplayinpeople'slives.Apersoninatribalsocietymightlookatamaskandsay:

"Oh,thisisagoodmask.Itwouldkeepmyhousesafe."Inbrief,thewayinwhichpeopleenjoyorappreciateartdependsontheirculture.

Toconcludemylecture,wecansaythatartisareflectionofvariouscultures.Butatthesametime,wehavetorememberthatartalsoreflectsthechangesinsocietythattakeplacewhendifferentculturesinfluenceoneanother.Aspeoplefromtribalsocietiesmovetourbanareas,theirvaluesandbeliefschangeaccordinglyandtheirtraditionalartformsbegintolosetheirfunction.Atthesametime,urbanartistsbegintolearnalotfromtraditionalart.Forexample,AfricanmasksandfigureshadagreatinfluenceonPicasso'sworks.AndmanyAmericanandCanadianartistsstudythesimplicityofJapanesepainting.Theresultisthatastheworldgetssmaller,theartofeachculturebecomesmoreinternational.

OK,thisbringsustotheendofourlecture.Ihopethataftertoday'slecture,you'llunderstandbetterthesignificanceofthestudyofarthistory.Artenablesustoknowmoreabouthumanhistory,forexample,people'sviewsandopinionsaboutcertainhistoricalevents,andwhat'smoreimportant,aboutdifferentcultures,theirreligiousbeliefs,perceptionofartetc.

WhatCanWeLearnfromArt?

Ⅰ.Introduction

A.Differencesbetweengeneralhistoryandarthistory

--Focus:

--generalhistory:

（1）

--arthistory:

politicalvalues,emotions,everydaylife,etc.

B.Significanceofstudy

Moreinformationandbetterunderstandingofhumansocietyandcivilization.

Ⅱ.Typesofinformation

A.Informationinhi　storybookis

（2）

　　　--facts,butnoopinions

B.Informationinarthistoryissubjective

　　　--（3）andopinions

　　　e.g.　--Spanishpainters'works:

misuseofgovernmentalpower

　　　　　　--Mexicanartists'works:

attitudestowardssocialproblems

Ⅲ.Artasareflectionofreligiousbeliefs

A.Europe:

（4）inpicturesinchurches

B.MiddleEast:

picturesofflowersandpatternsinmosques,palaces

Reason:

humanand（5）arenotseenasholy

C.AfricaandthePacificIslands:

Masks,headdressesandcostumesinspecial

ceremonies

Purpose:

toseekthehelpof（6）toprotectcrops,animalsandpeople

Ⅳ.PerceptionsofArt

Howpeopleseeartisrelatedtotheirculturalbackground

A.EuropeansandAmericans

--（7）

--expressionofideas

B.Peopleinotherplaces

--partofeverydaylife

--（8）use

Ⅴ.Artasareflectionofsocialchanges

A.Causeofchanges:

（9）ofdifferentcultures

B.Changes

--tribalpeople:

effectsof（10）onartforms

--Europeanartists:

influenceofAfricantraditionalartintheirworks

--AmericanandCanadianartists:

studyofJapanesepainting

1.economicsandwar2.objective3.personalemotions4.theBible5.animalimages6.theGod7.decoration8.practical9.influence;interaction10.urbanization

SECTIONB

InthissectionyouwillheareverythingONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.MarkthecorrectanswertoeachquestiononyourANSWERSHEET.

题11-15

[原文]

W:

NigelLingeiseditorofBusinessTravelWeekly.Nigel,thanksforbeingontheshow.Now,whatkindofproblemsdoairlinepassengersfacenowadays?

M:

Well,mostoftheproblemsarecausedbytheheavyvolumeoftraffic.Youknow,allairportshavealimittothenumberoftake-offsandlandingstheycanhandle.

W:

Sowhatseemstobetheproblem?

M:

Allflightsfromabusyairportarriveandleaveatmoreorlessthesametime.If60aircraftarescheduledtotakeoffbetween5p.m.and5:

15,andtheairportcanonlyhandle120anhour,thatmeanssomewillalwaysbelatelandingortaking-off.Andiftheweatherisbad,oh,youcanimaginewhatthesituationislike.Sopassengershavetobeloadedintoeachplane,andthentheplaneshavetolineuptotakeoff.

W:

Sowaitingattheloungeorontheplaneisquitecommon.

M:

Certainly.Andanotherproblemthat'sverycommonisover-booking.Quiteoftenyouhearanannouncementontheairportloudspeakers:

"Wehaveoversoldonthisflightandwouldlikevolunteerstogoonthenextflightout."Ifyoudecidetovolunteer,youmaygetacashbribeorfree-tripvoucher,butmakesureyougetaguaranteedseatonthenextflightandafreephonecalltowhoeverismeetingyouontheotherend.Andworsestill,youarrivewithconfirmedreservationandyoudiscoveryou'vebeenbumpedofftheflight.

W:

Presumably,ifyouchoosetotravelatoff-peaktimes,therearefewproblems.

M:

Well,therearenooff-peaktimes,AllflightsseemtobefullexceptSaturday.Idon'tquiteunderstandwhythisisso.Youknow,ifthereisapublicholiday,thingsarelikelytobeespeciallybusy.Thespecialfaresystemsontheairline'scomputersencouragemorepeopletoflyonlesspopularflightsandthismeansthatasaresultallflightsareequallyfull.

W:

So,whatadvicewouldyougivetobusinesstravelers?

M:

rdsay"Avoidbigairportsifyoucan".Thereasonistherearetoomanyflightsthere.Then,remembernottocheckyourbaggageifyoucanhelpit.Anotherthingis"Beprepared