山西省大同市第一中学高一月考英语试题解析版 W.docx
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山西省大同市第一中学高一月考英语试题解析版W
山西省大同市第一中学2017-2018学年高一12月月考
英语试题
一.阅读理解
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
A
HiddenfromthenoiseofWashington,D.C.,HillwoodMuseumisaspecialtreasure.Itcontains(包含)oneofthefinestpersonalcollections(收藏)ofRussianandFrenchartintheworld.
HillwoodMuseumwasoncethehomeofMarjorieMerriweatherPost.Shewasarichbusinesswoman.SheownedoneofthelargestfoodcompaniesintheUnitedStates.ShewasalsoveryinterestedincollectingbeautifulFrenchartandfurniture.
ShemovedtoRussiainthe1930sasherthirdhusband,JosephDavies,becametheAmericanambassador(大使)inMoscow.MarjorieMerriweatherPosthadaloveforRussianartaswell.SheboughtthehouseinWashingtonin1955andshewantedtomakeitintoamuseumafterherdeath.ManyartexpertshelpedMrs.Postcreateitsfinecollection.
Hillwoodhasmanyroomswhicharefilledwithhertreasures.VisitorscanseebeautifulmusicboxesfromtheeighteenthcenturyandcolorfulpaintingsofEuropeanprincesses(公主).ExpertssaytheancientwoodandgoldfurniturefromFranceissomeofthefinestevermade.VisitorscanevenlookatMrs.Post’sjewelsandclothes.
Themuseumalsohasseveralbeautifulgardens.OneisdesignedlikethegardensinJapan.Ithasabridgeandvisitorscanwatchflowersfloatinginthewater.Flowersarealsogrownalltheyearinaspecialglassbuildingorgreenhouse.Theseflowersareplacedinthehousethroughouttheyear.
Afterawalk,visitorscanrestatanearbyeatingplace.Theycanalsobuyobjectstorememberthisspecialmuseum.
1.Fromthesecondparagraph,wecanlearnthatMarjorieMerriweatherPost.
A.livednearHillwoodMuseum
B.ownedafoodcompanyinFrance
C.wasasuccessfulbusinesswoman
D.wasgoodatpaintinganddesigning
2.MarjorieMerriweatherPostmovedtoRussiabecause.
A.shelikedtheenvironmentthere
B.herhusbandhadajobthere
C.shewantedtocollectartworks
D.shehopedtomeetsomeartexperts
3.WhichofthefollowingtreasuresisNOTmentionedinthetext?
A.PaintingsofJapaneseprincesses.
B.Mrs.Post’sjewelsandclothes.
C.Ancientwoodandgoldfurniture.
D.Eighteenthcentury’smusicboxes.
4.Whatisspecialaboutthemuseum’sgardens?
A.Therearesomerockhills.
B.TheyareallbuiltinJapanesestyle.
C.Flowersaregrownalltheyear.
D.Therearesomerestaurants.
【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.C
【解析】HillwoodMuseum是一个特殊的宝库。
本文介绍它的特殊之处。
1.C
推理判断题。
根据第二段中Shewasarichbusinesswoman.SheownedoneofthelargestfoodcompaniesintheUnitedStates.可知,MarjorieMerriweatherPost是一个成功的商人。
故选C。
2.B
细节理解题。
根据第三段第一句ShemovedtoRussiainthe1930sasherthirdhusband,JosephDavies,becametheAmericanambassador(大使)inMoscow.可知,MarjorieMerriweatherPost搬到俄罗斯是因为她的丈夫在那里。
故选B。
3.A
细节理解题。
根据第四段中VisitorscanseebeautifulmusicboxesfromtheeighteenthcenturyandcolorfulpaintingsofEuropeanprincesses(公主).ExpertssaytheancientwoodandgoldfurniturefromFranceissomeofthefinestevermade.VisitorscanevenlookatMrs.Post’sjewelsandclothes.可知,B/C/D都被提到,只有A没有被提到。
4.C
细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段中Flowersarealsogrownalltheyearinaspecialglassbuildingorgreenhouse.可知它的特殊之处就是一年四季都种花。
故选C。
B
Insomescience-fictionmovies,robotsrefusetodienomatterhowpeoplefightback(反击).Now,ithasturnedintoafact.Forthefirsttime,researchershavecreatedarobotthatcantakeabeating(挨打)andkeeponworking.DevelopedbyscientistsfromCornellUniversityandtheUniversityofVermont,thenewrobotlookslikeaspiderwithfourlegs.
Untilnow,eventhemostadvancedrobotwasalmostcertaintobreakdownwhendamaged.That’sbecauseitscomputerdoesn’tknowhowtooperatethemachineafteritsshapehasbeenchanged.
Tosolvethisproblem,thescientistsputsomesensors(传感器)intothemachine.Thesensorscanreadhowthemachineisworkingandsendsignalstothecomputer.
Usingthisinformation,thesystemfollowsanewwaytotellthemachine’sshapeatanygivenmoment.Thecomputerconsidersalotofpossiblenextsteps,anditcalculateshowbesttomovetherobotforwardthelongestpossibledistance,beforetryingtomoveitagain.
Thenewtechnologyisamajoradvanceinrobotics(机器人技术),scientistssay.Itmaysomedayhelpresearcherscreatebetterartificialarmsandlegsthatgivenewfreedomtopeoplewholackthem.Thenewknowledgemightalsohelpscientistsunderstandhowpeopleandanimalstelltheirownsenseofplaceinspace.
“Designingrobotsthatcanfitchangingenvironmentshasbeenadifficultproblem,”saysscientistOlafSpornsofIndianaUniversity.“Thisworkprovidesanewwaytowardsolvingthisimportantproblem.”
5.Whydorobotseasilybreakdownwhentheyaredamaged?
A.Theycannotrepairthemselves.
B.Thecomputerhaschangedalot.
C.Theyhavenothingspecialtoprotectthem.
D.Thecomputercannotoperateachangedrobot.
6.Howdothesensorsintherobotwork?
A.Theycanreplacethecomputerwhenit’sbroken.
B.Theycanfindoutwherethedamagecomesfrom.
C.Theyhelpthecomputerlearntherobot’scondition.
D.Theycansendsignalstothepersonwhousestherobot.
7.Theunderlinedword“them”inParagraph5refersto“”.
A.robotsB.armsandlegs
C.sensorsD.researchers
8.WhatdoesOlafSpornsthinkofthenewrobot?
A.Hedoesnotexpresshisopinionsclearly.
B.Hedoubtsifitcanworkwellinreallife.
C.Hethinksitisagreatdevelopmentinrobotics.
D.Hethinksmoreexperimentsareneededtotestit.
【答案】5.D6.C7.B8.C
【解析】这篇文章讲述了为了解决机器人一旦被损坏就不能工作的问题,科学家给机器人里面放了八个发动机和两个传感器,这个新的技术还能帮助科学家给人们创造出更好的假肢。
5.D
细节题。
根据文章Thatisbecauseitscomputerinsidesimplydoesn’tknowhowtomakethemachineworkafteritsshapehaschanged. 可知,当机器人被毁坏了就很容易发生故障,是因为如果机器人改变了,电脑就不能工作了。
故选D。
6.C
细节题。
根据文章第三段可知,传感器能够帮助电脑了解机器人的情况。
故选C。
7.B
词义猜测题。
根据文章Itmaysomedayhelpscientistscreatebetterartificial(假的)armsandlegsandgivenewfreedomtopeoplewholose them.机器人有一天能够帮助科学家发明出更好的假肢,帮助那些失去了胳膊和腿的人重新获得自由。
可知,them的意思是armsandlegs。
故选B。
8.C
推理判断题。
根据最后一段“Designingrobotsthatcanfitchangingenvironmentshasbeenadifficultproblem,”saysscientistOlafSpornsofIndianaUniversity.“Thisworkprovidesanewwaytowardsolvingthisimportantproblem.”可知,他认为这是机器人技术的一大发展。
故选C。
【名师点睛】本文的文章短小精炼,对于此类文章首先必须对每句话都要认真地阅读理解。
初中的阅读绝大多数是细节题,考察学生信息的把握能力。
对于细节题,学生在理解全文的基础上要对题目中关键字在文章中迅速定位,找到相对应的出处,再仔细对比找出答案。
C
Itishardlysurprisingthatclothingmanufacturers(生产商)followcertainuniformstandardsforvariousfeatures(特征)ofclothes.Whatseemsstrange,however,isthatthestandardadoptedforwomenistheoppositeoftheoneformen.Takealookatthewayyourclothesbutton.Men’sclothestendtobuttonfromtheright,andwomen’sfromtheleft.Consideringmostoftheworld’spopulation—menandwomen—areright-handed,themen’sstandardwouldappeartomakemoresenseforwomen.Sowhydowomen’sclothesbuttonfromtheleft?
Historyreallyseemstomatterhere.Buttonsfirstappearedonlyontheclothesoftherichinthe17thcentury,whenrichwomenweredressedbyservants.Forthemostlyright-handedservants,havingwomen’sshirtsbuttonfromtheleftwouldbeeasier.Ontheotherhand,havingmen’sshirtsbuttonfromtherightmadesense,too.Mostmendressedthemselves,andasworddrawnfromtheleftwiththerighthandwouldbelesslikelytogetcaughtintheshirt.
Todaywomenareseldomdressedbyservants,butbuttoningfromtheleftisstillthestandardf0rthem.Isitinteresting?
Actually,astandard,onceset,resistschange.AtatimewhenallWomen’sshirtsbuttonedfromtheleft,itwouldhavebeenriskyforanysinglemanufacturertoofferwomen’sshirtsthatbuttonedfromtheright.Afterall,womenhadgrownsousedtoshirtswhichbuttonedfromtheleftandwouldhavetodevelopnewhabitsandskillstoswitch.Besides,somewomenmighthavefounditsociallyawkwardtoappearinpublicwearingshirtsthatbuttonedfromtheright,sinceanyonewhonoticedthatwouldbelievetheywerewearingmen’sshirts.
9.Whatissurprisingaboutthestandardoftheclothingindustry?
A.Ithasbeenfollowedbytheindustryforover400years.
B.ItisAfferentformen’sclothingandwomen’s.
C.Itworksbetterwithmenthanwithwomen.
D.Itfailstoconsiderrighthandedpeople.
10.Whatdoweknowabouttherichmeninthe17thcentury?
A.Theytendedtowearclotheswithoutbuttons
B.Theywereinterestedinhistoricalmatters
C.Theyweremostlydressedbyservants.
D.Theydrewtheirswordsfromtheleft.
11.Women’sclothesstillbuttonfromthelefttodaybecause.
A.adoptingmen’sstyleisimproperforwomen
B.manufacturersshouldfollowstandards
C.modernwomendressthemselves
D.customsarehardtochange
12.Thepassageismainlydevelopedby.
A.analyzingcausesB.makingcomparisons
C.examiningdifferencesD.followingthetimeorder
【答案】9.B10.D11.D12.A
【解析】组织结构题.通观整篇文章可以看出,作在开始提到一个现象――男女衣服的标准相反,然后分析这种现象产生的历史原因,最后告诉我们现在这是这样的原因.由此判断选A项.
D
WhenIlookedatthegradeonmymathpapermyjaw(下巴)almostdroppedtotheground:
abig“65”inbrightredink.Ihadneverreceivedsuchaterriblegradebefore.
IwassoashamedthatwhenIgothomethatafternoonIliedtomydad.ItoldhimIgot85andthatthereportwouldn’tcomeuntiltheendofthemonth.Dadsmiled.Hisdaughterwouldneverlieabouthergrade,sohedidn’tdoubttheunusualdelay(延迟)ofmyreport.
Amonthlater,Dadcasually(随意地)askedmeagainaboutthereportatthedinnertable.Helookedrightintomyeyesandaskedforananswer.Havingnochoice.ItoldhimthatIhadinfactgotjust65inmymathfinal.IhadliedbecauseIdidn’twanttolethimdown.
Foramoment,hejustlookedatme.Iwouldhavepreferredatellingoff(斥责)than