木兰形象从《木兰辞》到迪士尼动画《木兰》的改变.docx

木兰形象从《木兰辞》到迪士尼动画《木兰》的改变.docx

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木兰形象从《木兰辞》到迪士尼动画《木兰》的改变

中文摘要

当今多元文化发展迅速，中西文化交流日益增多，其中有融合，也有区别和差异。

美国迪士尼公司创作的动画片《木兰》，借用《木兰辞》的故事，在不改变史实的情况下，用新的创作理念和文化差异，创作出了一个全新的花木兰，使故事内容有了新看点，使木兰这个人物再次深入人心。

两个不同的花木兰表现出的明显差异，值得我们深思。

本文将首先介绍并分析动画《木兰》对花木兰形象的改编，如对外表，语言等，现代元素的加入，如两个虚构的配角——木须和蟋蟀，接着将其与《木兰辞》中的花木兰形象进行对比，尝试总结导致这种变化的原因——文化霸权，美国正借助大众媒介和信息技术的力量进行文化扩张。

对此我们深思我们应该提高文化警觉性，保护自己的优秀文化。

关键词：

花木兰；美国价值观；文化霸权

TableofContents

Abstracti

中文摘要ii

1.Introduction1

2.TwoDifferentMulans2

2.1Mulan’simageinTheBalladofMulan2

2.2Mulan’simageintheDisneycartoonfilmMulan3

3.MajorChangesMadeinMulan’sImageintheDisneyCartoonFilmMulan4

3.1Changeinappearance4

3.2Changeinlanguage4

3.3Changeinbodylanguage4

3.4Changeincharacter5

3.5Changeinthinking5

3.6Additionoflove6

3.7ModernelementsmeltedinthecartoonfilmMulan6

4.ManifestationofCulturalHegemonyintheCartoonFilmMulan7

4.1Definingculturalhegemonyand manifestationsof culturalhegemony7

4.2ManifestationofculturalhegemonyinthecartoonfilmMulan8

4.2.1ManifestationincartoonMulan’scharacter8

4.2.2 Manifestation in cartoon Mulan’s language9

4.2.3 Manifestation in cartoon Mulan’s thinking9

4.2.4 Manifestation incartoon Mulan’s love9

5.Conclusion11

References12

Acknowledgements13

1.Introduction

“Tsiektsiekandagaintsiektsiek,Mu-lanweaves,facingthedoor”（傅汉思,2010:

132）.Thisisthebeginningofawellknownballad,Mu-lan.Mulanisagirlwhodisguisedherselfasamanandfoughtinherfather’splace.HerstoryfullyshowsatypicalChineseimage,afilialdaughter.Forthousandsofyears,Mulan'sstoryhasspreadoverChina,andhasprofoundlyaffectedeveryChinese.Thisstoryhasbeendisplayedbymanykindsofperformance.Inparticular,itwasadaptedasmoviesandTVplaysmanytimes.Thisstoryhasbecomefamousovertheworld.In1998,DisneyCompanycreatedacartoonfilmMulan,whichwasaddedwithnewmodernelementswiththebackgroundofTheBalladofMulan.TheAmericansdidnotchangetheoriginalhistory,butlookedatthiseasternlegendwiththevaluesofAmericans.Withthenewcreativeidea,abrand-newMulanhasbeencreated.Intheballad,Mulanisafilialdaughterwhichistraditionalwoman’simageinChineseConfucianism.ButintheDisneycartoonfilmMulan,Mulanisagirlwhodesiredtorealizeherselfandbravelyfoughtforherlove.ThiscartoonfilmisfullofHollywoodmoviefeatures,suchasindividualismandheroism.ThemoviewonagreateconomicsuccessandpropagatedAmericancultureandthevaluesofAmericans.SunLijun（2005:

88）said,“ThiscartoonmoviemakesChineseconfused.Ononehand,ChinesewasgladthattheirtraditionallegendhastakenonanewlookwiththeadaptationofDisneyCompany.Ontheotherhand,ChinesewasperplexedbyMulanwhoissodifferentfromtheballad.”Inoneword,theDisneycartoonfilmMulanisacombinationofChinesestorywiththevaluesofAmericans（王传东,2007:

24）.Therefore,whilewearelearningtheinnovationalspiritofAmericans,weneedtothinkdeeplyaboutthetwodifferentimagesofMulan.

2.TwoDifferentMulans

2.1Mulan’simageinTheBalladofMulan

TheballadshowstraditionalChinesethinkingthatisfilialpiety.ItisthoughttheballadwascollectedintoananthologyofYueFuinthemid-sixthcentury,andlaterpopularizedduringtheTangdynasty（贾黎丽,2009:

17）.Therearefivepartsintheballad.

Inthefirstpart,thereisaweavingsceneofMulan.“Tsiektsiekandagaintsiektsiek,Mu-lanweaves,facingthedoor.”（傅汉思,2010:

132）.Then,wefindthatMulanhassecretsinhermind.“Youdon’thearshuttle’ssound,youonlyhearDaughter’ssighs.”（傅汉思,2010:

132）.Shetoldhermotherthatherfatherwillreporttothecamp.Butheistoooldtofightagainsttheenemiesandhasnogrown-upson.Soshehastofightinhisplace.“LastnightIsawthedraftposters…AndserveinthearmyinFather’splace.”（傅汉思,2010:

132-133）.

Inthesecondpart,therearefoursentenceswithparallelism.TheydescribethatMulanwaspreparingforfighting.“IntheEastMarketshebuysaspiritedhorse...IntheNorthMarketshebuysalongwhip.”（傅汉思,2010:

133）.Becauseofthesituationwasurgent,Mulansaidgoodbyetoherparentsandstartedoffinthemorning.Onthewaytothearmy,Mulanmissedherhomeandherparents.“AtdawnshetakesleaveofFatherandMother,IntheeveningcampsontheYellowRiver’sbank.Shedoesn’thearthesoundofFatherandMothercalling,sheonlyhearstheYellowRiver’sflowingwatercrytsientsien…SheonlyhearsMountYen’snomadhorsescrytsiutsiu.”（傅汉思,2010:

133）.

Inthethirdpart,therearebriefsentencestodescribelifeofMulaninthe10-yearhardshipofwar.“Shegoestenthousandmilesonthebusinessofwar;shecrossespassesandmountainslikeflying.Northerngustscarrytherattleofarmypots,chillylightshinesonironarmor.Generalsdieinahundredbattles,Stoutsoldiersreturnaftertenyears.”（傅汉思,2010:

133）.

Intheforthpart,Mulanreturnedwithvictory.Butshedeclinedtheemperor’sawardandsaidthatshelongedtotakecareofherfamily.Atthattime,Mulan’srealstatuswasstillnotknownbyeveryone.“OnherreturnsheseestheSonofHeaven…TheKhanasksherwhatshedesires.‘Mu-lanhasnouseforaminister’spost.Iwishtorideaswiftmounttotakemebacktomyhome’.”（傅汉思,2010:

133-134）.

Thelastpartistheculminationoftheballad.HerfamilywassohappythatMulanwasallowedtoreturnhome.“WhenFatherandMotherhearDaughteriscoming,Theygooutsidethewalltomeether,leaningoneachother.WhenElderSisterhearsYoungerSisteriscoming,shefixesherrouge,facingthedoor.WhenLittleBrotherhearsElderSisteriscoming,hewhetstheknife,quickquick,forpigandsheep.”（傅汉思,2010:

134）.AndMulanwassohappythatshecandressasagirlagain.“Iopenthedoortomyeastchamber…Hangingupamirrorshedabsonyellowflowerpowder.”（傅汉思,2010:

134）.WhenhercomradessawMulaninfemaledressing,theywereshockedtodiscoverthatMulanwhomtheyhavefoughtastrideforyearsisagirl.“Shegoesoutthedoorandseeshercomrades.Hercomradesareallamazedandperplexed…”（傅汉思,2010:

134）.Attheendoftheballad,therearetwosentenceswithmetaphortoshowthereasonwhyMulan’realstatuswasnotrevealedforthewaryears.“’Thehe-hare’sfeetgohopandskip,theshe-hare’seyesaremuddledandfuddled.Twoharesrunningsidebysideclosetotheground,howcantheytellifIamheorshe.’”（傅汉思,2010:

134-135）.

ThisballadshowsthatMulanjoinedthearmyforherfathernotforherself.Shedesirestobeagooddaughtertoherparentsaswellasagoodmantohernation.ThatisMulan’simageinTheBalladofMulan.

2.2Mulan’simageintheDisneycartoonfilmMulan

TheDisneycartoonfilmMulanisneitherChinesestylenorAmericanstyle.ItisamixedproductwhichhastraditionalChineseelementsandAmericanelements.Mulan’simageinthiscartoonfilmturnsintoagirlwhoissomehowfamiliarwithandstrangetoChinese.

Themajorthemechangedfrom“filialpiety”to“self-identity”.Mulan’simageinthiscartoonfilmturnedintoabraveandclevergirlriskingherlifetosavehereldersickfather.ThiscartoonfilmexpressesfreedomandequalitythatbelongtothevaluesofAmericans.

Atthebeginningofthiscartoonfilm,Mulanisagirlwhodesiredtobringherfamilyhonor.Shedeeplylovedherparentsandhergrandmother.WhentheHunsinvadeChina,everystrongmaniscalledtoarms.Mulan’sfatherisnoexception.Butherfatherhasanoldwoundlegandcannotwalkproperly.Atthesametime,Mulanfailedintheblinddate.Shedecidedtotakeanopportunity.Soshedecidedtofightinherfather’splacewithoutherfather’spermission.Atthemidnight,shestoleherfather’swartimegown,leavinghomesoundlessly.Atthattime,herancestorsdisapprovedherdecisionbutsentalittledragon,Mushutoaidherunavoidably.Mulan’sfatherneverthoughtthatherdaughterwillfightinhisplace.So,Mulan’skungfuwasverypooratthebeginning.Butwithherperseverance,shebecameagoodsoldier.Onthewaytothebattle,Mulan’srealstatuswasrevealed.Shewasabandonedontheway.ButshefoundthattheHunssurvivedandwantedtokilltheemperor.Soshedecidedtoriskeverythingforsavinghercountry.Withherforceandherintelligence,shesavedtheemperorandprotectedhercountry.

Inthiscartoonfilm,Mulanhasaperfectloveattheend,whichdoesnotexistintheballad.Fromtheabove,wecanfindthatMulan’simagechanged.Shebecamearesisteragainstfeudalsocietyandpursuedidentity.Heractionisforprovingherself.ThatisdifferentfromtheballadandshowsthevaluesofAmericans.

3.MajorChangesMadeinMulan’sImageintheDisneyCartoonFilmMulan

Inordertohaveagreateconomicsuccess,therearemanychangesintheDisneycartoonfilmMulan,DisneyCompanychangedMulan’simage,suchasherappearance,language,bodylanguage,character,thinking,additionofloveandnewelementsmelted.

3.1Changeinappearance

AtthebeginningofthebackgroundofTheBalladofMulan,wecanimagethatMulanisanelegantgirlwhohasbeautifulappearance.DisneyCompanydidnotdesignMulantohavebeautifulappearancelikeSnowwhiteandCinderella.TheyusedtraditionalChineseart,Chinesemonochromes,asreferencetocreateMulan’sappearance（白水,2003:

10）.MakingMulan’simagemildandstrong,theycreatedbrand-newimageofMulanthathasAsianfeature.Inthiscartoonfilm,Mulanhasaflatnoseandlongblackhair.Inaddition,Mulan’sgirldressingissosmooth（孙立军,2005:

92）.

InancientChina,people’shairwasneverallowedtobecutandshouldbetied.Butinthiscartoonfilm,Mulan’shairwasnottiedasthemodernfemalestyl