托福TPO32阅读答案托福tpo阅读答案.docx

托福TPO32阅读答案托福tpo阅读答案.docx

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托福TPO32阅读答案托福tpo阅读答案

托福TPO32阅读答案托福tpo阅读答案

托福TPO32阅读答案

托福TPO32阅读答案托福TPO32文章阅读：

EarlyChildrenEducationPreschools—educationalprogramsforchildrenundertheageoffive—differsignificantlyfromonecountrytoanotheraccordingtotheviewsthatdifferentsocietiesholdregardingthepurposeofearlychildhoodeducation.Forinstance,inacross-countrycomparisonofpreschoolsinChina,Japan,andtheUnitedStates,researchersfoundthatparentsinthethreecountriesviewthepurposeofpreschoolsverydifferently.WhereasparentsinChinatendtoseepreschoolsprimarilyasawayofgivingchildrenagoodstartacademically,Japaneseparentsviewthemprimarilyasawayofgivingchildrentheopportunitytobemembersofagroup.IntheUnitedStates,incomparison,parentsregardtheprimarypurposeofpreschoolsasmakingchildrenmoreindependentandself-reliant,althoughobtainingagoodacademicstartandhavinggroupexperiencearealsoimportant.Whilemanyprogramsdesignedforpreschoolersfocusprimarilyonsocialandemotionalfactors,somearegearedmainlytowardpromotingcognitivegainsandpreparingpreschoolersfortheformalinstructiontheywillexperiencewhentheystartkindergarten.IntheUnitedStated,thebest-knownprogramdesignedtopromotefutureacademicsuccessisHeadStart.Establishedinthe1960swhentheUnitedStatesdeclaredtheWaronPoverty,theprogramhasservedover13millionchildrenandtheirfamilies.Theprogram,whichstressesparentalinvolvement,wasdesignedtoservethe“wholechild”,includingchildren’sphysicalhealth,self-confidence,socialresponsibility,andsocialandemotionaldevelopment.WhetherHeadStartisseenassuccessfulornotdependsonthelensthroughwhichoneislooking.If,forinstance,theprogramisexpectedtoprovidelong-termincreasesinIQ（intelligencequotient）scores,itisadisappointment.AlthoughgraduatesofHeadStartprogramstendtoshowimmediateIQgains,theseincreasesdolotlast.Ontheotherhand,itisclearthatHeadStartismeetingitsgoalofgettingpreschoolersreadyforschool.PreschoolerswhoparticipateinHeadStartarebetterpreparedforfutureschoolingthanthosewhodonot.Furthermore,graduatesofHeadStartprogramshavebetterfutureschoolgrade.Finally,someresearchsuggeststhatultimatelyHeadStartgraduatesshowhigheracademicperformanceattheendofhighschool,althoughthegainsaremodest.Inaddition,resultsfromothertypesofpreschoolreadinessprogramsindicatethatthosewhoparticipateandgraduatearelessliketorepeatgrades,andtheyaremoreliketocompleteschoolthanreadinessprogram,foreverydollarspentontheprogram,taxpayerssavedsevendollarsbythetimethegraduatedreachedtheageof27.Themostrecentcomprehensiveevaluationofearlyinterventionprogramssuggeststhat,takenasagroup,preschoolprogramscanprovidesignificantbenefits,andthatgovernmentfundsinvestedearlyinlifemayultimatelyleadtoareductioninfuturecosts.Forinstance,comparedwithchildrenwhodidnotparticipateinearlyinterventionprograms,participantsinvariousprogramsshowedgainsinemotionalorcognitivedevelopment,bettereducationaloutcomes,increasedeconomicself-sufficiency,reducedlevelsofcriminalactivity,andimprovedhealth-relatedbehaviors.Ofcourse,noteveryprogramproducedallthesebenefits,andnoteverychildbenefitedtothesameextent.Furthermore,someresearchersarguethatless-expensiveprogramsarejustasgoodasrelativelyexpensiveones,suchasHeadStart.Still,theresultsoftheevaluationwerepromising,suggestingthatthepotentialbenefitsofearlyinterventioncanbesubstantial.Noteveryoneagreesthatprogramsthatseektoenhanceacademicskillsduringthepreschoolyearsareagoodthing.Infact,accordingtodevelopmentalpsychologistDavidElkind,UnitedStatessocietytendstopushchildrensorapidlythattheybegintofeelstressandpressureatayoungage.Elkindarguesthatacademicsuccessislargelydependentuponfactorsoutofparents’control,suchasinheritedabilitiesandachild’srateofmaturation.Consequently,childrenofaparticularagecannotbeexpectedtomastereducationalmaterialwithouttakingintoaccounttheircurrentlevelofcognitivedevelopment.Inshort,childrenrequiredevelopmentappropriateeducationalpractice,whichiseducationthatisbasedonbothtypicaldevelopmentandtheuniquecharacteristicsofagivenchild.托福TPO32阅读题：

1.Accordingtoparagraph1,parentsinJapantendtothinkofpreschoolprimarilyasaplacewherechildrencanA.getagoodacademicstartB.expandtheiremotionaldevelopmentC.becomemoreindependentD.experiencebeingpartofagroup2.Theword“Whereas”inthepassageisclosetinmeaningtoA.AlthoughB.BecauseC.MoreoverD.Already3.Theword“focus”inthepassageisclosetinmeaningtoA.considerB.respectC.concentrateD.advise4.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph2thattheHeadStartprogramwasdesignedtoservechildrenwhoA.comefromfamiliesthatdonothavealotofmoneyB.arenotdoingverywellinkindergartenC.wereborninthe1950sD.needprogramsthatfocusprimarilyonsocialandemotionalfactors5.Accordingtoparagraph3,theHeadStartprogramhadNOTbeensuccessfulatwhichofthefollowingA.HelpingchildrenadjusttoschoolB.Providinglong-termincreaseinIQscoresC.ImprovingschoolperformancethroughouthighschoolD.Preventingchildrenfrombeingplacedinspecial-educationclasses.6.Inparagraph4,theauthormentionsthe“resultsfromothertypesofreadinessprograms”toA.providesupportfortheideathatpreschoolreadinessprogramshavebeensomewhatsuccessfulB.questiontheideathatHeadStartismoreeffectivethanotherpreschoolreadinessprogramsC.indicateschoolcompletionisusuallythemostreliableindicatorofsuccessinmostreadinessprogramsD.emphasizethatparticipationinreadinessprogramscanbeincreasedifcostsarereduced7.Accordingtoparagraph4,acost-benefitanalysisofonepreschoolreadinessprogramrevealedthatA.onlyonedollar’sworthofbenefitwasgainedforeverysevendollarsspentontheprogramB.thebenefitsoftheprogramlastedonlyuntiltheparticipantsreachedage27C.taxpayerssavedsevendollarsforeverydollarsspentontheprogramD.tobesuccessful,theprogramwouldneedtoreceiveaboutseventimesasmuchmoneyasitcurrentlyreceives8.Theword“comprehensive”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA.easilyunderstoodB.thoroughC.respectableD.objective9.Paragraph5mentionsthatparticipantsinearlyinterventionprogramshavebeenshowntodoallofthefollowingbetterthannonparticipantsEXCEPTA.TakecareoftherehealthB.SupportthemselvesfinanciallyC.TakecareoftheirownchildrenD.Haveincreasedemotionaldevelopment10.Accordingtoparagraph5,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthebenefitsofearlyinterventionprogramsA.Theseprogramsproducegoodshort-termbenefitsbutfewlong-termbenefits.B.Onlythemostexpensiveprogramsprovidesubstantialbenefits.C.TheHeadStartprogramprovidesarangeofbenefitsthatnootherprogramcanprovide.D.Somechildrenbenefitmorethanothersdofromtheseprograms.11.Theword“seek”inthepassageisclosetinmeaningtoA.claimB.manageC.failD.attempt12.Thepassagementions“developmentalpsychologistDavidElkind”inordertoA.giveanexampleofanexpertwhohasdesignedaneffectiveearlychildhoodeducationprogramB.introduceanalternativeviewaboutthevalueofearlychildhoodeducationC.explainwhyearlychildhoodeducationprogramsarelesseffectiveintheUnitedStatesthaninothercountriesD.refutetheclaimthatacademicsuccessisdependentonfactorsoutsideparents’control14.Directions:

Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.CompletethesummarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasinthepassage.Somesentencesdonotbelonginthesummarybecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthepassagesorareminorideasinthepassage.Thisquestionisworth2points.Preschoolprogramsprovideopportunitiesforyoungchildrentodevelopsocially,emotionally,andcognitively.AnswerChoicesA.Inadditiontostressingacademicdevelopment,preschoolsshouldbeenjoyable,sincestudiesshowthatchildrenbenefitfromprogramstheyfindfun.B.PreschoolprogramssuchasHeadStarthavebeenshowntohelppreparechildrenforschoolandmayalsohavelong-teambenefitsinhelpingchildrenbecomeeffectiveadults.C.Studieshaveshownthatpreschoolprogramsaremosteffectivewhentheyfocusononlyoneareaofdevelopmentratherthantryingtoservethe“wholechild”.D.Theprimarypurposeofpreschoolprogramsvariesbycountry,withsomestressingtheimportanceofgroupexperience,andothersself-relianceorgettingagoodacademicstart.E.Criticsofpreschoolprogramsarguethattheseprogramsputunduepressureonchildrenandmaynotbeeffectiveofchildrenarenotdevelopmentallyreadyforacademicwork.F.DavidElkindisacriticofpublicityfundedpreschoolprograms,arguingthattheparentcannotcontroltheirchildren’semotionaldevelopment.托福TPO32阅读题答案：

1.D2.A3.C4.A5.B6.A7.C8.B9.C10.D11.D12.B13.B14.BDE托福阅读TPO32原文答案解析：

第一题，D，细节题。

根据第一段，日本的父母认为孩子在学前班能够怎么样用parentsinJapan定位到该段的第三句话“...Japaneseparentsviewthemprimarilyasawayofgivingchildrentheopportunitytobemembersofagroup”，这句话是说“日本的父母把它们看作是一个使孩子融入集体的好机会”。

“它们”指代前文的preschools。

四个选项中，只有D是原文的同义转化，所以D正确。

A说得到一个良好的学术开端，这是中国父母的想法;B说促进他们的情感发展，没有提及;C说变得更独立，这是美国父母的想法。

第二题，A，词汇题。

whereas表示对比、转折，选项中只有A中的Although表转折，所以选择A。

B的because表因果;C的Moreover表递进;D的Already表完成。

第三题，C，词汇题.foc