湖南师范大学心理学专业外语题库.docx
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湖南师范大学心理学专业外语题库
Chapter1(答案DDCACADBCA\FTFFTFFTTF)
1)Psychologyisbestdefinedasthescientificstudyof
A)themindandconsciousness.
B)thementalprocessesofindividuals.
C)mentaldisordersandabnormal(反常)behavior.
D)thebehaviorofindividuals(个别)andtheirmentalprocesses.
2)Thefirsttaskinpsychologyistomakeaccurateobservations(观测)aboutbehavior.Thismeansthatpsychologistsmustfirst________behavior.
A)predictB)explainC)controlD)describe
3)Whendrawingconclusions(结论)aboutbehavior,psychologistsrelyon
A)theirownpersonalbeliefs.B)whatisknownas"commonsense(常识)."
C)objectivelycollectedinformation.D)theireverydayobservationsofpeople.
4)Inordertoinvestigatebehavior,researchersmayusedifferentlevelsofanalysis.Whichofthefollowingresearchquestionsexemplifies(例子)thebroadest,mostgloballevelofanalysis?
A)Whataretheoriginsofprejudice?
B)Aretheregenderdifferencesinprejudice?
C)Aretheredifferencesinhowvariousracialgroupsexpressprejudice?
D)Whatistheroleofearlychildhoodexperiencesintheformationofprejudice?
5)In1908,HermannEbbinghaus(艾宾浩斯)wrotethat"Psychologyhasalongpast,butonlyashorthistory."Whichstatementbestcaptures(描述)theideathatEbbinghauswasexpressing(表达)?
A)Psychologists,likephilosophers,havedifficultylearningfromtheirmistakes.
B)Questionsabouthumannaturehaveexistedforalongtime,butonlyrecentlyhavethemethodsnecessarytoanswerthembeendeveloped.
C)Thefieldofpsychologyhasexistedforalongtime,butonlyrecentlyhavescholarsbeguntorecordtheaccomplishments(造诣)oftheprofession.
D)Althoughpsychologistshavebeendoinglaboratoryresearchforhundredsofyears,littleofsubstance(实质)hasbeendiscoveredabouthumannature.
6)Whichstatementmostcloselycharacterizes(是……特性)thecurrent(流行)viewofmostpsychologiststowardthestudyofbehavior?
A
A)Psychologistsborrowandblendfrom(混合)differentperspectives(观点).
B)Psychologiststendtoagreethatthemostproductiveapproachisthebiologicalperspective.
C)Psychologiststaketheapproachthatcomplexbehaviorcanbereducedtopatternsofsimplebehavior.
D)Althoughpsychologistsdifferintheirbasicapproach,allagreeonthequestionstobeaskedandhowtheyshouldbestudied.
7)Apsychologistwhoexplainsarapist's(强奸犯)behaviorintermsoftherapist'sdisplacedhostility(敌意)towardhismotherismostlikelytopreferthe__D______perspective.
A)cognitiveB)humanistic(人本主义)C)evolutionaryD)psychodynamic(精神动力)
8)PsychologistswhotakethebehavioristapproachseektoB
A)illustrate解释theinnate天生品质goodnessofhumans.
B)understandhowenvironmentalstimuli(刺激)controlbehavior.
C)validatetheimportanceofthoughtprocessesinhumanbehavior.
D)demonstratetheimportanceofunresolvedconflictsandinnerforces.
9)Ateacherwantstoseewhethersmilingatchildreniftheyraisetheirhandswhensheasksaquestionincreasesthelikelihood(也许性)thatchildrenwillvolunteeranswers.Fromthebehavioristperspective,theantecedentenvironmentalconditionis________andtheconsequenceis________.C
A)smiling;raisingofhandB)raisingofhand;smiling
C)askingaquestion;smilingD)raisingofhand;askingaquestion
10)ThehumanisticperspectiveinpsychologygivesgreaterweightandimportancetoA
A)thecapacityofhumanstomakechoices.
B)breakingdowncomplexbehaviorintoelementaryunitsofbehavior.
C)howenvironmentalforcescometocontroltheindividual'sbehavior.
D)thepowerfulinstinctualtendenciesthatdominatepeople'sactions.
IITrueorFalseFTFFTFFTTF
1)Psychologistsaretrainedtodescribebehaviorfromtheirownsubjective(主观)pointofview,makingsuretoincludetheirownbiases(偏见)andexpectationsintheirobservations.
2)Withrespecttothegoalsofpsychology,descriptionsmuststicktoperceivable(可知觉)information,whereas(但是)explanationsdeliberately(谨慎)gobeyondwhatcanbeobserved.
3)Psychologistsbelievethatbehaviorshouldonlybestudiedinacontrolledresearchlaboratory.
4)In1879,B.F.Skinnerfoundedthefirstformallaboratorydevotedtoexperimentalpsychology.
5)InFreud's(弗洛伊德)view,humannatureisnotalwaysrational(理智),andbehaviormaybedrivenbymotives(动机)thatarenotinconsciousawareness.
6)Accordingtothehumanisticperspective,peoplearedrivenbypowerful,instinctive(本能)forces,manipulatedbytheirenvironments,andareincapableofmakingchoicesanddecisionsconcerningtheirlives.
7)Intheviewofpsychologistswhofollowthecognitiveperspective,behavioriscompletelydetermined(坚定)byprecedingenvironmentaleventsandpastbehavioralconsequences.
8)Simplystated,theideabehindnaturalselectionisthatorganisms(有机体)thatarebettersuitedtotheirenvironmentstendtoproduceoffspring(后裔)moresuccessfullythanthoseorganismswithpooreradaptations.
9)Brainimagingtechniques(脑成像技术)haveledtodramaticbreakthroughsinthefieldofcognitiveneuroscience(神经科学).
10)Clinicalpsychologistsapplytheinsightsofresearchers,butarenottrainedtodoresearchthemselves.
Chapter2
1)Inwhatwaysaretheoriesandhypotheses(臆测)interrelated?
A)Hypothesesaremoreimportantthantheories.
B)Theoriesaremoreimportantthanhypotheses.
C)Whenahypothesisderivedfromatheoryisnotvalidated,thetheorymustbemodified.
D)Theoriesarenotoffundamentalimportanceingeneratingnewhypotheses,exceptwhenatheoryhasbeenproven.
Answer:
C
2)Whenpsychologicalresearchersarereadytoputtheirhypothesestothetest,theyrelyon
A)intuition.B)thescientificmethod.
C)commonsense.D)subjectivejudgments.
Answer:
B
3)Thereisajokeamongscientistsaboutaresearcherwhotellsothersthathebelongstoasecretscientificsociety,wherenoonebuttheresearcherwilleverknowaboutthestudiesmembersaredoing.Thisjokeishumorousbecauseitviolates(违背)theprinciple(原则)of
A)determinism.B)controlgroups.C)open-mindedness.D)publicverifiability.
Answer:
D
4)Aresearchassistantwhoisworkinginapsychologist'slaboratorylearnstheimportanceofkeepingcompleterecordsofobservationsanddataanalyses.Suchprocedures(程序)arefollowedinorderto
A)increaseobjectivity.(增大客观性)
B)increasesubjectivity.
C)increaseobserverbias.
D)preventotherresearchersfromreplicatingastudy.
Answer:
A
5)An"observerbias"is
A)an"educatedguess"aboutwhatwillhappen.
B)thedirectresultofthecontextofdiscovery.
C)thedirectresultofthecontextofjustification.
D)anerrorduetopersonalmotivesandexpectations.
Answer:
D
6)Ifaresearcherdefinesvariables(变量)orconditionsintermsofthespecific(明确)proceduresusedtodeterminetheirpresence,heorsheisusinga(n)________definition.
A)biasedB)confoundedC)operationalD)hypothetical
Answer:
C
7)Aplaceboeffect(安慰剂效应)occurswhen
A)anexperimenterfindswhatheorsheexpectedtodiscover.
B)participantshavenotbeenrandomlyassignedtoexperimentalandcontrolconditions.
C)participantschangetheirbehaviorbecauseoftheirbeliefthatatreatmenthasaneffect.
D)bothparticipantsandexperimentalassistantsareunawareofwhichparticipantsgetwhichtreatment.
Answer:
C
8)Whenneitherresearchparticipantsnorresearchassistantsareawareofwhichparticipantsreceivewhichtreatment,researchershaveemployeda
A)placebocontrol.B)between-subjectsdesign.
C)single-blindcontroltechnique.D)double-blindcontroltechnique.(双盲控制技术)
Answer:
D
9)Whenplanningastudy,youdeterminethatoftheonehundredparticipants,fiftywillhavetoberandomly(随便)assignedtotheexperimentalconditionandtheotherfiftytothecontrolcondition.Thetypeofexperimentaldesignyouareusingisknownasa________design.
A)placebocontrolB)single-subjectC)within-subjectsD)between-subjects
Answer:
D
10)Whichofthefollowingistrueofthewithin-subjects(被试内设计)experimentaldesign?
A)Itisatypeofbetween-subjectsdesign.
B)Therearenocomparisonconditionsinthisdesign.
C)Therearetwoexperimentalgroupsandonecontrolgroup.
D)Eachparticipantservesinallconditionsoftheexperiment.
Answer:
D
11)Aresearcherisinterestedintherelationshipbetweenbraindamageandtheabilityofhumanstoplantheirbehavior.Whichtypeofresearchdesignwouldbemostappropriate(适当)fortheresearchertouse?
A)placebocontrolB)experimentalC)correlational(有关)D)within-subjects
Answer:
C
12)Imaginethatyourinstructorasksyoutodeterminewhetherthereisarelationshipbetweenmusicalabilityandmathematicalability.Thetypeofdesignbestsuitedtothistaskwouldbea(n)
A)experiment.B)casestudy.
C)correlationalstudy(有关研究).D)naturalisticobservation.
Answer:
C
13)Withrespecttopsychologicalmeasurement,whendataareconsistentordependabletheyarereferredtoas________,whereastheterm________meansthattheinformationthatisproducedaccuratelymeasuresthevariableorqualitythatitisintendedtomeasure.
A)valid;reliableB)reliable(信度);valid(效度)
C)consistent;reliableD)reliableorvalid;consistent
Answer:
B
14)Whichofthefollowingistrueofthewithin-subjectsexperimentaldesign?
A)Itisatypeofbetween-subjectsdesign.
B)Therearenocomparisonconditionsinthisdesign.
C)Therearetwoexperimentalgroupsandonecontrolgroup.
D)Eachparticipantservesinallconditionsoftheexperiment.
Answer:
D
15)Ateacheristryingtoseewhethersmilingatherstudentswillincreasethenumberofquestionstheyask.Inthefirstandthirdweekofthestudy,thenumberofquestionsstudentsaskisrecorded.Inthesecondweek,theteachersmilesalotatherstudents,andthenumberofquestionsis