探究王尔德作品中的艺术和道德英语本科毕业论文.docx

探究王尔德作品中的艺术和道德英语本科毕业论文.docx

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探究王尔德作品中的艺术和道德英语本科毕业论文

苏州大学外国语学院

成教本科毕业论文

（2013届夜大学）

题目：

OntheArtandMoralityofWilde’sWorks

探究王尔德作品中的艺术和道德

专业：

英语

姓名：

李玉洁

学号：

YB1104017084

指导教师：

提交日期：

2013年10月

Acknowledgements

Therearealotofpeoplewhohelpmetocontributetothecompletionofthisthesis.andIwouldliketoavailmyselfofthisopportunitytoextendmydeepgratitudetothem.

Firstly,IwanttoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoProfessorSuXiaojun,whohavegivenlotsofintellectualguidanceandmovingencouragementinmythree-yearstudyatSoochowUniversity,inparticularwhosestrongsupportofmythesistopichasgivenmegreatconfidencetocontinuemywriting.

Secondly,Iwouldliketothankmyclassmatesfortheirunfailingsupportandpatienceinansweringmyquestionsintheinterviewsduringmythesiswriting.

Finally,Iamalsomuchobligedtomyfamilymembers,withouttheirsupportandencouragement,mycompletionofthisthesiswouldnothavebeenpossible.

Abstract

OscarWilde,oneofthemostimportantwritersofIrishliterature,aswellastheEnglishliterature.Hewasanadvocatorofartisticaestheticism,insistingthatitwaslifeandnaturethatimitatedart,notartimitatedlifeandnature;artshouldnotberestrainedbymorality.

WildepresentedmultipleimagesinhisonlynovelThePictureofDorianGrayanddemonstratedhimselfbehindvariousmasksthroughconflictsamongthemultiplepersonalities.Inthefairytales,hecreatedarealmofexperienceseparateanddistinctfromthereality.Yethisfairytalesdidnotabandonreality.Wildeappliedtheparadoxinhisdramas.Theparadoxwasusedtofullyexpresshisthoughtsandviewpoints.

ThispaperdidadetailedanalysisoftheartandmoralityinWilde’sworks.Firstly,thispaperintroducedthestudyonmoralityofpreviousliteraryworks.Then,itelaboratedtheartistictheoriesofOscarWilde,andexploredtheconcealedmoralityofhisnovelforinstanceofhisrepresentativeworks.Finally,itfoundthatthemoralityandartwerepresentedthroughouthisworks,whichusuallywereoverlooked.Andthatatthecrossroadbetweenidealandreality,betweenartandmorality,Wilde’shateandloveandpursuitmadehimanindividualofcontradictionswhobleduponthethornsoflifeandintheendamartyredartist.

Keywords:

OscarWilde;artandmorality;contradictions

摘要

奥斯卡·王尔德是爱尔兰文学史和英国文学史上最重要的作家之一。

他是一位艺术唯美主义的倡导者，坚持认为是生活和自然模仿艺术，而不是艺术模仿生活和自然，艺术不应受到道德的束缚。

王尔德在他唯一的小说《道林格雷的画像》中展示了多种多样的人物形象，并通过这些人物间的矛盾冲突阐释了多重面具遮掩下的奥斯卡本人。

在童话故事中，他创造了一个与现实脱离并远离世事的理想王国。

然而，王尔德的童话故事并没有遗弃现实。

在戏剧中，他运用矛盾表达法充分地表达了他的想法和观点。

本文对王尔德的作品中的艺术与道德感进行了详细分析。

首先介绍了先前作品对道德感的不同研究。

然后详尽阐述了王尔德的艺术理论并从他有代表性的作品中选取小说为例对隐藏在其中的道德感进行探究。

最后发现，王尔德的作品一直就是艺术与道德感共同存在着，只是通常被忽略了。

在理想与现实的十字路口，在唯美与道德之间，王尔德的爱恨与追求使他自己成为一个充满矛盾的个体。

他在人生的荆棘路上流着血，最终成为艺术的殉道者。

关键词:

奥斯卡·王尔德；艺术与道德；矛盾

Contents

Introduction1

Chapter1MoralityofLiteraryWorks3

Chapter2ArtandMoralityofWilde’sWorks5

2.1Wilde’sArtisticTheories5

2.1.1Theoryof“ArtforArt’sSake”5

2.1.2Theoryof“LifeImitatingArt”6

2.1.3ContradictionsRevealedinAdvocatingtheSelf-ContainedArt8

2.2MoralityConcealedintheNovel9

2.2.1Unityof“BodyandSoul”9

2.2.2MoralityintheAestheticArt10

Chapter3RelationshipBetweenArtandMorality13

Chapter4ContradictionsinWilde’sLiteraryPractice16

4.1ContradictionsintheFairyTales16

4.2Wilde’sParadox16

Chapter5Conclusion17

Introduction

ThefullnameofOscarWildeisOscarFingalO’FlahertieWillsWilde（1854—1900）.HewasborninIreland,wellknownasaplaywright,novelist,essayistandpoet.Intheearlyage,hehadparticipatedinhismother’sDublinsalon,andturnedoutanexcellentliterarytalk.AfterbeingeducatedinTrinityCollege,Dublin,heattendedMagdalenCollege,Oxford,wherehewontheNewdigatePrizeforEnglishVerse;hetookaFirstClassdegreeinClassicsinspiteofareputationforidleness.AtOxford,theaestheticinnovatorssuchasEnglishwritersWalterPaterandJohnRuskinhadagreatinfluenceoverhim.

In1881,OscarWildepublishedhisfirstbook,acollectionofPoems.Oneyearlater,WildewenttoNewYorkforasuccessfullecturetour,thenheproducedthefirstplaysthere,Vera;or,TheNihilists（1882）andTheDuchessofPadua（1891）（asGuidoFerrandi）,ablankversetragedy,althoughnotsosuccessful.OnreturningtoEnglandhesettledinLondonandmarriedawealthyIrishwoman.Later,theyhadtwosons.Afterthat,hedevotedhimselfexclusivelytowriting.

OscarWildepublishedtwocollectionsoffairytalesTheHappyPrinceandOtherTales（1888）,andAHouseofPomegranates（1892）,agroupofshortstoriesLordArthurSavile’sCrime（1891）,andamelodramatictale,hisonlynovelThePictureofDorianGray（1891）.Ultimately,heachievedfamewithasuccessionofcomedies,beginningwithLadyWindermere’sFan（1892）,andfollowingupwithAWomanofNoImportance（1893）andAnIdealHusband（1895）.Hismostcharacteristicplay,TheImportanceofBeingEarnest（also1895）wasprovedthemostsuccessful.FewcomediesoftheEnglishstagehadsuchwit,elegance,andtheatricaldexterity（Hartnoll,Found545）.

ThelastplayofOscarWilde’swasthepoeticone-actSalome,writteninFrench.ItwasbannedinEnglandandwasfirstseenprivatelyinLondonuntil1905.Wildealsoleftanunfinishedone-actplay,AFlorentineTragedywhichwaslatercompletedbySturgeMooreandwasproducedinLondonin1906.

LondonwitnessedOscarWilde’stragicdownfallatthepeakofhiscareerin1895.HewasaccusedofhomosexualitybytheMarquisofQueensbury,fatherofWilde’sclosefriend,LordAlfredDouglas.Wildewasconvictedofhomosexualoffensesandsentencedtotwoyearsofhardlaborinprison.Duringthetwoyears,hecomposedDeProfundis（FromtheDepths,1905）,andapoemTheBalladofReadingGaol（1898）.Financiallybankrupt,ruinedinhealthandspirituallydowncast,Wildeleftprisonin1897andspenttherestofhislifeinParis,usingapseudonymSebastianMelmoth.Later,WildediedofmeningitisinParisonNovember30,1900.

AsZhaoLiandXuJing’anhadsummedupinthebookAestheticism,publishedbyPeople’sUniversityPressin1988,Wilde’sartistictheoriesmainlyconsistofthreeaspects:

First,artshouldbeseparatedfromlifeinthatbeautyissecondtonothingandlifeissecondtoart;thebeautyandvalueofartdonotexistinlifeandnature.Inwriting,beautifulyetuntruestories,namely“lying”worksshouldbeadvocated.Second,artitselfisbuttheobjectinthatarthasitsownindependentlifeandvalue,beingobligatedtonothing.Onlythebeautyofforminartisworthseekingafter.Third,artispriortolifeinthatlifeimitatesartratherthanlifebeingreflectedbyart.

BasedonageneralreadingofWilde’salltypesofliteraryworks,deepunderstandingofhisartistictheoriesandanalyzingofthemoralityofhisworks,thispaperultimatelyfoundthattherewereobviouscontradictionswithinthem.

Chapter1MoralityofLiteraryWorks

Noonecouldbefreefrommoralwhethertobeagainstitortobeincoherencewithit.Alltheworksandtheirauthorswereendowedwithmorality,thoughitwasnotalwaysinconsistencewiththedominant.Tobecompletelyobjectiveandnon-moralwasimpossible.Theworkshadtodowithrealityanditwouldhavetodealwiththevaluejudgmentandethnicalproblems.Nomatterhowhardtheauthortriedtobeobjective,hecertainlyshowedhispersonalmoralinclinationatleastthroughtheselectionandarrangementofmaterials,asDavidMassonpointedoutthatthevaluejudgmenthaditsinevitability.Aslongastheauthorextractedmaterialsfromthereallife,themoralityemergedwithit.Wildewantedtocastawaymoralitythroughthe“artforart”principleorpluckingintothesensationofcrimes,butheneverreallyorcompletelydiscardedthemoralawareness.Thenhetransgressedthemoralintoaesthetics.

Inthelonghistoryofwesternliterature,spiritualfunctionofliterarywasdominated.AsearlyasintheearliestGreekmythology,therehadbeenthemoralmessage.PlatobanishedthepoetsfromtheRepublic,becausethepoetrydidnotmoralize.AristotlediscoursedatgreatlengthonthevalidityofGreektragedybyarguingthatthetragedyarousedemotionaltumultintheaudiences’hearts,whichgavethemcatharsisandpurifiedtheirsoul.InfactmostofthegreatGreektragediesexploredethnicproblems.InthelongperiodofthereligiousMediation,religionwastheexclusivesubjectofliteraryandtheonlycriterion.IntheRenaissanceperiodthewriterssparednoefforttoestablishthenewmoralstandardthatadaptedtothedevelopingbourgeoisiesociety.GeoffreyChaucer,WilliamShakespeareorothergreatwriters,allquestedforagrandermoraltheme:

thesocialmorality.SirPhilipSydney,thegreatEnglishcritic,inhisApologyforPoetryarguedthatpoemwasasuperiormeansofcommunicationanditsvaluebasedonwhatwascommunicated.Theworldofthepoemwasabetterworldthantherealoneandwaspresentedinsuchawaythatthereaderswerestimulatedtotryandimitateitintheirownpractice.Whenitcametothe19thcentury,themoralawarenesswaswideranddeeper.Balzac,thegreatFrenchnovelist,inhisworksscrutinizedthewholesocietyinthelightofmorality.CharlesDickenstriedsohardtopunishtheviceandencouragegoodnessthathewasunderthesuspicionthathepreachedtoomuch.Thesegreatwritersinfluencedthereaderswiththemoralpropositioncombinedintheirworks.Thewritersofthemoderngenresalsoshowedtheirspeculationonmorality,thoughtheydidn’talwayssustainthepredominantone.Andtheirmoralanxietywasshowninamoredivertingway.

Chapter2ArtandMoralityofW