英语论文写作指导 仅供参考.docx

英语论文写作指导 仅供参考.docx

《英语论文写作指导 仅供参考.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语论文写作指导 仅供参考.docx（31页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英语论文写作指导仅供参考

英语论文写作课复习资料（仅供参考）

Lecture1Generalintroduction

1.Thebasicconceptofacademicresearchpaperwriting

Theconcept:

“Research”---somethingnew,somethingofsignificance,somethingthatcanpromotescholarship,scienceandtechnology,productivityandhumangrowth,forthebettermentofthewell-beingofmankind.

2.Characteristicsofacademicpaper

A.Scientific---basedonscientifictheoriesandobjectivedata,andtheproblemisapproachedwithascientificattitudeandmethodology．Theconclusionisbackedupbyreliableevidence,theanalysisorexpositionislogicallysound.

B.Scholarly---moreorlesstheoreticalandconcernedwithacademicmatters．Thesubjectunderdiscussionorinvestigationandtheconclusiontobedrawnareacademicallysignificant.

C.Original---anewperspectiveormethod,developsnewargumentsorconclusions，orevenmakesabreakthroughinacertainfield．

Thegraduationpaperisaspecialformofacademicpapercharacterizedbybeingscholarly，scientificandoriginaltothegreatestextentpossible．

3.Thestyleofacademicwriting

A.Formalbecauseitiswritteninstandardlanguageandinformalstyledevoidofcontractions，ellipses，slangywords，vulgarisms，etc.

B.Substantialbecauseitdealswithacademicallyimportantandseriousissuesandisofsubstanceandlength．

C.Well-documentedbecauseitrigidlyfollowstherulesofcitationanddocumentationwithallborrowedideasorfactsfullyacknowledgedinthenotesandbibliography．

4.Therequirementsofanacademicpaper.

1）Ascientificattitude，arigorousstudystyle,acreativemind,andagreatcouragetoexploreunknownacademicareas,discoveringorsolvingproblemsintheacademicorscientificfields.

2）Basicknowledgeofacademicresearch---itsnature,value,andsignificance，essentialfeatures,techniquesandmethods，etc．Tolearnmoreabouttheacademiccircleandthesocietybysearchingthroughallsortsofreferencematerialsoriginatinginacademicandsocialstudies.

3）Toknowaboutscholarship,suchashowtofindsubjectstoinvestigate,howtocollectandevaluatesourcematerials,howtodeveloptheirownideas.

5.Componentspartsofanacademicpaper

1）EnglishtitleandChinesetitleofyourpaper

2）AbstractbothinEnglishandinChineseandkeywords

3）KeywordsinEnglishandChinese

4）Contents

5）Introduction

6）Materialsandmethodsusedintheresearch（theories,tools,approaches,etc.）

7）Factsandfiguresintheanalysis,prosandconsintheargumentationorpointsofviewintheexposition;

8）Researchresultsorfindings;

9）Conclusion.

6.Thestepsofpaperwriting

1）Choosingatopic:

atentativetopic,apreliminarythesisstatement

2）Makingathesisproposal:

3）Datacollectionandevaluation:

aworkingbibliography

4）Thesisformulation（presentationorstatement）

5）Organizationofideas；

6）Writingandrevisingofthepaper；

7）Finalizingofthepaper．

Researchpaperwritingaremoreoftenwithstartsandstops，setbacksandreverses，evendeadends,especiallyinthepreparatorystages.Itisonlyafterconstantefforts，repeatedmodificationsandalternationsthatyoucometoasatisfactoryendandgeteverythingfinalized．

7.Startworkingonyourthesis:

1）Beclearaboutyouraimsandintention:

whattoinvestigateorresearchinto,whattowriteabout.

2）.Chooseagoodtopic:

atentativetopic,narrowingyourfocusonlyononeoftheissues,toanappropriatetopic,consideringyourcapability,limitoftime,limitofreferencesyoucanfind.

Youmaybeginbyinquiringintowhatisknowntopeopleonacertainsubject；thenbymakingcomparisonsorcontrastsandpassingjudgment，youperceiveloopholes,inaccuracies，errorsorfallacies；byanalyzingthecorrectandtheincorrect，youdrawconclusionsofyourownanddevelopsomenewideasorviewsonthetopicunderdiscussion．

3）Reading:

doingextensiveandintensivereading,evaluatingsourcematerialsandtakingnotesofimportantandrelevantinformationorpointsofviewinyourreading.Sortingoutusefulmaterialsyouhavecollectedanddevelopingyourideas.

4）Writinganoutline:

planthepaperwithgreatcareanddrawagoodoutline,organizingyourthoughtsforthewritingofthepaperwithunity，coherenceclarityandaccuracy.

5）Followthewritingconventionsandpaperformatstrictly:

attachcarefullyandcorrectlymadenotesandbibliographytotheendofthepaper,documentingproperlythesourcesyouhavemadeuseof．

6）Guardagainstplagiarism:

makingofnotesandbibliography.

Lecture2Howtochooseatopic

Tochooseatopicisthefirststepofpreparationforyourresearchandresearchpaperwriting.

Youmustdecideonwhattoresearchintoandwhattowriteabout，namely，todiscoverthesubjectforyourresearchandchoosethetopicforyourresearchpaper．

1.Thetwobroadtypes:

Researchareasmaybedividedintotwobroadtypes：

theoreticalandpractical．

Thetheoreticaltypeistheory-oriented.

Thepracticalisapplication-oriented．

Theoryandpracticealwayswalkhandinhand，andinfacttheyareusuallycombinedinpapers，whichmaybemoretheoreticalorpractical．

2.AcademicareasfortheEnglishmajorsofouruniversity

TherearefiveareasforresearchandconfineyourtopicstoEnglish-relatedareasandsubjectsaslistedbelow：

1）TheAreaofLanguagestudies（linguistics），includingEnglishmorphology，syntax，semantics,etymology，rhetoric，stylistics，pragmatics，allbranchesofEnglishlinguisticsandtheircomparisonswiththeChinesecounterparts；

PurelanguagestudyofEnglishonitsstructureandelementssuchaspeculiarities，phonetics，grammar，vocabulary，discourse，comparisonsofEnglishdialects，Briticism，Americanism，Australianism,etc．

2）Appliedlinguistics:

EnglishforSpecificPurposes（ESP）.

StudiesofESP:

TESL（TeachingEnglishasaSecondLanguage）;TEFL（TeachingEnglishasaForeignLanguage），andanyspecialknow-howorexpertiseconcerningEnglishinuse．

Nowadays，languageteachingandlearningisbecominganindependentdisciplinewithitsowntheoryandpractice,including:

a.Tostudypsychologicalmechanismsoflanguageteachingandlearning;

b.Tostudythemethodsofteachers’teachingandstudents’learningoftheEnglishlanguage;

c.Tocomparetheacquisitionofthemothertonguewiththatofaforeignlanguage，discusstheimprovementandapplicationofmodemteachingapproachesandfacilities，orevenmakecommentsonandevaluatetext-booksinuse，etc．

Ifyouwanttobemoretheoretical，youcantryanybranchoflinguisticsanditsapplicationtolanguageteachingandlearningandthesecondlanguageacquisition．

3）Areaofliterarystudies，including:

British，American，Australian，Canadian．South-Africanliterature，comparisonsbetweenthem，andtheircomparisonswithChineseliterature；

Toapplyliterarytheoriesandcriticalmethodologytothestudyofwritersandworks，literarytrendsandschools，literaryperiods，literarycriticism,etc．

4）Theareaoftranslationandpractice，includingtheoriesandmechanics，writtentranslationandoralinterpretation；

Intheareaoftranslation，youcanresearchinto:

a.Theoriginandgrowthoftranslationpracticeandtheory;

b.Differenttheoreticalschoolsandtheirdoctrinesontranslation;

c.Standardsandcriteriaforthequalityoftranslation;

d.Methodsandtechniquesfordoingtranslationofvariouskinds;

e.Teachingoftranslationasabasiclanguageskill，etc．

5）Theareaofcross-culturestudies:

Comparisonsofreligions，philosophies，educations（?

），habitsandcustomsofdifferentcountriesandraces，aswellasmeansofinterculturalcommunication．

3.Tochoosetopics

1）Firststeptodiscoverasubjectinonearea:

a.Youmayuseyourpersonalexperiences，forexample，attendingalectureoracourse；readinganewspaper，ajournal，abookoranovel；watchingamovie，aTVprogramandsoon．

b.Youmayalsotalkwithothers，yourfellowstudents，yourfriends，andyourteachersinparticular，togetenlightenment．

c.Themostimportantthingforyoutodoistogethelpfromsourcematerials，suchasatableofcontents，abook’sindex，anencyclopediaarticle，headlinesinperiodicalindexes，etc．

Afteryouhavediscoveredthesubjectthatsuitsyou，youshouldfurtherfindaspecifictopicunderthechosensubject.

2）Threestandards．

a.Interestingtoyou.

Aninterestingtopicwillgiveyougreatimpetusforthesuccessfulfulfillmentofyourresearch．

b.Significantorworthwhile.

Yourtopicshouldhaveobviousorpotentialtheoreticalorpracticalvalue．

c.Workableormanageable.

Anappropriatetopicshouldbeneithertoobroad，ortoonarrow．

3）Difficultiesinchoosingagoodtopic:

a.Notfullyawareofwhatisreallysignificantorvaluable

b.Difficulttosubdividethegeneralsubjecthehasdiscoveredintotopicsofmanageablesizeandcomplexity．

c.Theproblemsofabroadtopic:

Thetopicistoogeneral,oneonwhichitishardtofocusyourstudyortofinishapaperoftherequiredlengthwithinthestipulatedtime.

Thereferencesavailablemaybetoomanyforyoutofinishreadingwithintheallotted

time．

Toobroadatopicshouldbenarroweddowntoaworkablesize．

d.Theproblemsofanarrowtopic:

a.Thetopicistoospecific，hardtoenlargeuponordevelopyourargumentsabout．

b.Itisusuallytrivialorinsignificant．

c.Youcanhardlyfindenoughsourcematerialsorreferencestohelpinyourresearch．Suchatopicshouldbebroadenedaccordingly．

Therefore,choosingagoodtopicforresearchandresearchpaperwritingcouldbemuchmoredifficultthanexpected．Thedifficultyusuallyisnotthattheresearcherisignorantofwhatholdsinterestforhim,buthardtohaveclearideas.

4）Judgmentsofthesignificanceorvalue:

Yourawarenessof