英语听力教程Unit 10.docx

英语听力教程Unit 10.docx

《英语听力教程Unit 10.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语听力教程Unit 10.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英语听力教程Unit10

英语听力教程Unit10

TEXT

Arewetooquicktoblameandslowtopraise?

Itseemsweare.

ProfitsofPraise

ItwastheendofmyexhaustingfirstdayaswaitressinabusyNewYorkrestaurant.Mycaphadgoneawry,myapronwasstained,myfeetached.TheloadedtraysIcarriedfeltheavierandheavier.Wearyanddiscouraged,Ididn’tseemabletodoanythingright.AsImadeoutacomplicatedcheckforafamilywithseveralchildrenwhohadchangedtheirice-creamorderadozentimes,Iwasreadytoquit.

Thenthefathersmiledatmeashehandedmemytip.“Welldone,”hesaid.“You’velookedafterusreallywell.”

Suddenlymytirednessvanished.Ismiledback,andlater,whenthemanageraskedmehowI’dlikedmyfirstday,Isaid,“Fine!

”Thosefewwordsofpraisehadchangedeverything.

Praiseislikesunlighttothehumanspirit;wecannotflowerandgrowwithoutit.Andyet,whilemostofusareonlytooreadytoapplytoothersthecoldwindofcriticism,wearesomehowreluctanttogiveourfellowsthewarmsunshineofpraise.

Why-whenonewordcanbringsuchpleasure?

Afriendofminewhotravelswidelyalwaystriestolearnalittleofthelanguageofanyplaceshevisits.She’snotmuchofalinguist,butshedoesknowhowtosayoneword-“beautiful”-inseverallanguages.Shecanuseittoamotherholdingherbaby,ortolonelysalesmanfishingoutpicturesofhisfamily.Theabilityhasearnedherfriendsallovertheworld.

It’sstrangehowcharyweareaboutpraising.Perhapsit’sbecausefewofusknowhowtoacceptcomplimentsgracefully.Instead,weareembarrassedandshrugoffthewordswearereallysogladtohear.Becauseofthisdefensivereaction,directcomplimentsaresurprisinglydifficulttogive.Thatiswhysomeofthemostvaluedpatsonthebackarethosewhichcometousindirectly,inaletterorpassedonbyafriend.Whenonethinksofthespeedwithwhichspitefulremarksareconveyed,itseemsapitythatthereisn’tmoreefforttorelaypleasingandflatteringcomments.

It’sespeciallyrewardingtogivepraiseinareasinwhicheffortgenerallygoesunnoticedorunmentioned.Anartistgetscomplimentedforagloriouspicture,acookforaperfectmeal.Butdoyouevertellyoulaundrymanagerhowpleasedyouarewhentheshirtsaredonejustright?

Doyoueverpraiseyourpaperboyforgettingthepapertoyouontime365daysayear?

Praiseisparticularlyappreciatedbythosedoingroutinejobs:

gas-stationattendants,waitresses-evenhousewives.Doyouevergointoahouseandsay,“Whatatidyroom”?

Hardlyanybodydoes.That’swhyhouseworkisconsideredsuchadrearygrind.Commentisoftenmadeaboutactivitieswhicharerelativelyeasyandsatisfying,likearrangingflowers;butnotaboutjobswhicharehardanddirty,likescrubbingfloors.Shakespearesaid,“Ourpraisesareourwages.”Sincesooftenpraiseistheonlywageahousewifereceives,surelysheofallpeopleshouldgethermeasure.

Mothersknowinstinctivelythatforchildrenanounceofpraiseisworthapoundofscolding.Still,we’renotalwaysasperceptiveaswemightbeaboutapplyingtherule.OnedayIwascriticizingmychildrenforsquabbling.“Canyouneverplaypeacefully?

”Ishouted.Susannalookedatmequizzically.“Ofcoursewecan,”shesaid.“Butyoudon’tnoticeuswhenwedo.”

Teachersagreeaboutthevalueofpraise.Oneteacherwritesthatinsteadofdrowningstudents’compositionsincriticalredink,theteacherwillgetfarmoreconstructiveresultsbyfindingoneortwothingswhichhavebeendonebetterthanlasttime,andcommentingfavorablyonthem.“Ibelievethatastudentknowswhenhehashandedinsomethingabovehisusualstandard,”writestheteacher,“andthathewaitshungrilyforabriefcommentinthemargintoshowhimthattheteacherisawareofit,too.”

Behavioralscientistshavedonecountlessexperimentstoprovethatanyhumanbeingtendstorepeatanactwhichhasbeenimmediatelyfollowedbyapleasantresult.Inonesuchexperiment,anumberofschoolchildrenweredividedintothreegroupsandgivenarithmetictestsdailyforfivedays.Onegroupwasconsistentlypraisedforitspreviousperformance;anothergroupwascriticized;thethirdwasignored.

Notsurprisingly,thosewhowerepraisedimproveddramatically.Thosewhowerecriticizedimprovedalso,busnotsomuch.Andthescoresofthechildrenwhowereignoredhardlyimprovedatall.Interestinglythebrightestchildrenwerehelpedjustasmuchbycriticismasbypraise,butthelessablechildrenreactedbadlytocriticism,neededpraisethemost.Yetthelatteraretheveryyoungsterswho,inmostschools,failtogetthepatontheback.

Togivepraisecoststhegivernothingbutamoment’sthoughtandamoment’seffort-perhapsaquickphonecalltopassonacompliment,orfiveminutesspentwritinganappreciativeletter.Itissuchasmallinvestment-andyetconsidertheresultsitmayproduce.“Icanlivefortwomonthsonagoodcompliment,”saidMarkTwain.

So,let’sbealerttothesmallexcellencesaroundus-andcommentonthem.Wewillnotonlybringjoyintootherpeople’slives,butalso,veryoften,addedhappinessintooutown.

NEWWORDS

profit

n.advantageorgoodobtainedfromsth...moneygainedinbusiness益处；利润

exhaust

vt.tireout使筋疲力尽

waitress

n.womanwaiter

awry

a.withaturntooneside歪；斜

apron

n.围裙

stain

vt.makedirtymarkson玷污

load

vt.putafullamountofthingsonorin（sth.）装满

tray

n.托盘

weary

a.verytired厌倦的，厌烦的

discourage

vt.causetolosecourageorconfidence使泄气，使灰心

ice-cream

n.冰淇淋

dozen

n.twelve

（一）打

quit

v.stop（doingsth.）andleave离（职），不干

sunlight

n.lightofthesun;sunshine

human

a.oforconcerningpeople

apply

vt.运用，实施

application

n.

somehow

ad.forsomereaconorother;insomewayorother不知怎么地，以某种方式

reluctant

a.unwilling不情愿的；勉强的

sunshine

n.lightofthesun

linguist

n.personwhoisgoodatforeignlanguages;personwhostudiesthescienceoflanguage通晓数国语言的人；语言学家

salesman

n.manwhoseworkissellingacompany’sgoodstobusinesses,homes,etc.推销员

earn

vt.getinreturnforworkorasarewardforone’squalities,etc.挣得，赢得

chary

a.careful;cautious谨慎小心的

compliment

n.praise赞美（话）

vt.praise赞美

gracefully

ad.大大方方地；优美地

graceful

a.

embarrass

vt.makeawkwardorashamed使尴尬

defensive

a.防御

surprisingly

as.inasurprisingmannerordegree

pat

n.tapmadewiththeopenhand轻拍

v.tapgentlywiththeopenhand

indirectly

ad.inanindirectway间接地

indirect

a.

spiteful

a.havingorshowingillwill恶意的

convey

vt.make（ideas,views,feelings,etc.）knowtoanotherperson转达，传达

relay

vt.传送；传达

flatter

vt.praisetoomuch;praiseinsincerely（inordertoplease）过奖；谄媚，奉承

comment

n.opinion,explanationorjudgmentwrittenorspokenaboutanevent,book,person,stateofaffairs,etc.评论

vi.makecomments（on）;giveopinions

rewarding

a.worthwhile;worthdoing;givingarewardto值得（做）的；报答的

reward

vt.

generally

ad.usually通常，一般地

artist

n.personwhopractisesorworksinoneofthefinearts,esp.painting画家，艺术家

glorious

a.splendid辉煌的

laundry

n.洗衣店

appreciate

vt.understandandenjoy;bethankfulfor欣赏，鉴赏；感谢，感激

routine

a.notunusualorexciting;regular常规的，例行的

gas-station

n.加油站

attendant

n.服务人员

tidy

a.neatlyarranged整洁的，整齐的

housework

n.workdoneontakingcareofahouse家务劳动

dreary

a.dullanduninteresting沉闷乏味的

grind

n.harduninterestingwork苦差使

scrub

vt.cleanbyrubbinghard,esp.withastiffbrush擦洗

wage

n.（pl.）工资，报酬

measure

n.amadequateordueportion份儿

instinctively

ad.本能地

scold

vt.blamewithangrywords申诉，怒骂

perceptive

a.感觉灵敏的

criticize

vt.批评

squabble

vi.quarrel,esp.noisilyandunreasonably争吵，口角

peacefully

ad.inapeacefulmanner;quietly安静地

peaceful

a.

quizzically

ad.嘲弄地；疑惑地

drown

vt.covercompletelywithwater;cause（sb.）todiebykeepingunderwater淹没；使（某人）淹死

critical

a.fault-finding挑剔的，苛求的

constructive

a.helping建设性的

favo（u）rably

ad.helping赞成地，称赞地

favo（u）rable

a.

brief

a.usingafewwords;short

margin

n.blankspaceroundtheprintedorwrittenmatteronapage页边的空白

behavioral

a.oforrelatingtobehavior行为的

countless

a.toomanytobecounted

arithmetic

n.scienceofnumbers算术

consistently

ad.始终如一地；一贯地

consistent

a.

previous

a.comingearlierintimeororder以前的

lgnore

vt.nottotakenoticeof,paynoattentionto不理,忽视

dramatically

ad.strikingly显著地

dramatic

a.

react

vi.respond反应

youngster

n.youngperson,esp.aboy

appreciative

a.thankful;grateful

investment

n.投资

invest

v.

alert

a.watchfulandkeen警觉的

excellence

n.anexcellentorvaluablequality;virtue

PHRASRS&EXPRESSIONS

makeout

writeout;completeorfillin开出;填写

onlytoo

very极,非常

notmuchofa

notaverygood不十分好的

fishout

bringoutaftersearching掏出

shrugoff

dismissasnotdeservingattentionorassth.unimportant耸肩表示对...不屑理睬

patontheback

wordorgestureofpraiseorencouragement赞扬;鼓励

passon

convey（toanother）传递

liveon

dependuponforsupport靠...生活