四级阅读理解专项训练.docx
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四级阅读理解专项训练
英语四级阅读理解专项训练
Section1
Passage1
Themedicalworldisgraduallyrealizingthatthequalityoftheenvironmentinhospitalsmayplayasignificantroleintheprocessofrecoveryfromillness.
AspartofanationwideeffortinBritaintobringartoutofthegalleriesandintopublicplaces,someofthecountry'smosttalentedartistshavebeencalledintotransformolderhospitalsandtosoftenthehardedgesofmodernbuildings.Ofthe2,500NationalHealthServicehospitalsinBritain,almost100nowhavesignificantcollectionsofcontemporaryartincorridors,waitingareasandtreatmentrooms.
Theserecentinitiativesoweagreatdealtooneartist,PeterSenior,whosetuphisstudioataManchesterhospitalinnortheasternEnglandduringtheearly1970s.Hefelttheartisthadlosthisplaceinmodernsociety,andthatartshouldbeenjoyedbyawideraudience.
Atypicalhospitalwaitingroommighthaveasmanyas500visitorseachweek.Whatbetterplacetoholdregularexhibitionsofart?
Seniorheldthefirstexhibitionofhisownpaintingsintheout-patientswaitingareaoftheManchesterRoyalHospitalin1975.BelievedtobeBritain'sfirsthospitalartist,Seniorwassomuchindemandthathewassoonjoinedbyateamofsixyoungartschoolgraduates.
Theeffectisstriking.Nowinthecorridorsandwaitingroomsthevisitorexperiencesafullviewoffreshcolors,playfulimagesandrestfulcourtyards.
Thequalityoftheenvironmentmayreducetheneedforexpensivedrugswhenapatientisrecoveringfromanillness.Astudyhasshownthatpatientswhohadaviewontoagardenneededhalfthenumberofstrongpainkillerscomparedwithpatientswhohadnoviewatalloronlyabrickwalltolookat.
21.Accordingtothepassage,"tosoftenthehardedgesofmodernbuildings"means
A.topulldownhospitalbuildings
B.todecoratehospitalswithartcollections
C.toimprovethequalityoftreatmentinhospitals
D.tomakethecornersofhospitalbuildingsround
22.WhatcanwesayofPeterSenior?
A.Heisapioneerinintroducingartintohospitals.
B.Heisadoctorinterestedinpainting.
C.Heisanartistwhohasalargecollectionofpaintings.
D.Heisafaithfulfollowerofhospitalart.
23.AccordingtoPeterSenior,_______.
A.artislosingitsaudienceinmodernsociety
B.artgalleriesshouldbechangedintohospitals
C.patientsshouldbeencouragedtolearnpainting
D.artshouldbeencouragedinBritishhospitals
24.Aftertheimprovementofthehospitalenvironment,_______.
A.patientsnolongerneeddrugsintheirrecovery
B.patientsarenolongerwhollydependentonexpensivedrugs
C.patientsneedgood-qualitydrugsintheirrecovery
D.patientsusefewerpainkillersintheirrecovery
25.ThefactthatsixyoungartschoolgraduatesjoinedPetershowsthat_______.
A.Peter'senterpriseisdevelopinggreatly
B.PeterSeniorenjoysgreatpopularity
C.theyaretalentedhospitalartists
D.theroleofhospitalenvironmentisbeingrecognized
Passage2
Directions:
Thepassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,D.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Polyester(聚酯)isnowbeingusedforbottles.ICI,thechemicalsandplasticscompany,believesthatitisnowbeginningtobreakthegripofglasson
thebottlebusinessandthustakeadvantageofthishugemarket.
Alltheplasticsmanufacturershavebeenexperiencinghardtimesastheirtraditionalproductshavebeendoingbadlyworld-wideforthelastfewyears.Between1982and1984thePlasticsDivisionofICIhadlostahundredandtwentymilliondollars,andtheyfeltthatthe.mosthopefulnewmarketwasinpackaging,bottlesandcans.
Since1982ithasopenedthreenewfactoriesproducing"Melinar",therawmaterialfromwhichhighqualitypolyesterbottlesaremade.
Thepolyesterbottlewasborninthe1970s,whensoftdrinkscompanieslikeCocaColastartedsellingtheirdrinksingianttwo-litercontainers.Becauseofthebuild-upofthepressureofgasintheselargecontainers,glasswasunsuitable.NorwasPVC,theplasticwhichhadbeenusedforbottlessincethe1960s,suitablefordrinkswithgasinthem.Anewplastichadtobemade.
Glassisstillcheaperforthesmallerbottles,andwillcontinuetobesounlessoilandplasticbecomemuchcheaper,butplasticdoeswellforthelargersizes.
Polyesterbottlesarevirtuallyunbreakable.Themanufacturersclaimtheyarealsolighter,lessnoisywhenbeinghandled,andcanbereused.Shopkeepersandotherbusinesspeopleareunlikelytoobjecttoachangefromglasstopolyester,sincethesebottlesmeanfewbreakages,whicharecostlyandtime-consuming.Thepublic,though,havebeenmoredifficulttopersuade.ICI'scommercialdepartmentisdevelopingdifferentbottleswithinterestingshapes,totryandmakethemvisuallymoreattractivetothepublic.
Thenextstepcouldbetodevelopaplasticwhichcouldreplacetinsforfood.Theproblemhereisthehightemperaturesnecessaryforcookingthefoodinthecontainer.
26.Plasticsofvariouskindshavebeenusedformakingbottles__________.
A.since1982
B.sincethe1970sbutonlyforlargebottles
C.sincethe1960sbutnotforliquidswithgasinthem
D.sincecompanieslikeCocaColafirsttriedthem
27.WhyisICI'sPlasticsDivisioninterestedinpolyesterforbottles?
A.Theotherthingstheymakearenotsellingwell.
B.Glassmanufacturerscannotmakeenoughnewbottles.
C.Theyhavefactorieswhichcouldbeadaptedtomakeit.
D.Thepriceofoilkeepschanging.
28.Whyaren'tallbottlesnowmadeofpolyester?
A.Thepriceofoilandplastichasrisen.
B.Itisnotsuitableforcontaininggassydrinks.
C.Thepublicliketraditionalglassbottles.
D.Shop-keepersdislikereusablebottles.
29.Manufacturersthinkpolyesterbottlesarebetterthanglassbottlesbecausethey
A.arecheaperB.aremoresuitedtosmallsizes
C.aremoreexcitingtolookatD.donotbreakeasily
30.Plasticcontainersforholdingfoodinthesamewayascans______.
A.havebeenusedformanyyears
B.areanideathatintereststheplasticscompanies
C.arepossible,butonlyforhotfood
D.arethefirstthingsbeingmadeinthenewfactories
Section2
Passage1
Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual'sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual—thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisbroughtup.Ifanindividualishandicapped(不利)environmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.
Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMark.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefoster(抚养)homes.Peterwasraisedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark'sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.
21.Thisselectioncanbestbetitled____________.
A.MeasuringYourIntelligenceB.IntelligenceandEnvironment
C.TheCaseofPeterandMarkD.HowtheBrainInfluencesIntelligence
22.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat_______.
A.humanbrainsdifferconsiderably
B.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimportantindetermininghisintelligence
C.environmentiscrucialindeterminingaperson'sintelligence
D.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence
23.Accordingtothepassage,theaverageI.Q.is_______.
A.85B.100C.110D.125
24.Thecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat_______.
A.individualswithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatthesamelevel
B.anindividual'sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenvironment
C.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligence
D.changesofenvironmentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain
25.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual'sI.Q._______.
A.canbepredictedatbirthB.staysthesamethroughouthislife
C.canbeincreasedbyeducationD.isdeterminedbyhischildhood
Passage2
Asareliabletravelagency,wereallydotrytodescribeourcentersandaccommodationasrealisticallyaspossible.AllourSuperCentersandMainCentershavebeenextensivelyinvestigatedduringthewinterseason1975-1976.Asaresultwehavefirst-handinformationonthewayinwhichhotels,lifenetworksandskischools,etc.operateduringtheseason.Wehavenotbeenabletoinvestigate,atfirsthand,allourIndependentCentersduringthelastseasonbutallhavebeenvis