英语专四真题与参考答案解析.docx

英语专四真题与参考答案解析.docx

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英语专四真题与参考答案解析

2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案

PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE

Therearetwentysentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentencetherearefour

optionsmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceor

answersthequestion.MarkhouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

11.TheBentPyramidoutsideCairo__________ancientEgypt’sfirstattempttobuildasmooth-sidedpyramid.

A.hasbeenbelievedtohavebeenB.wasbelievedtobe

C.isbelievedtohavebeenD.isbelievedtobe

12.U.S.News____________rankingsofcollegessince1983.Theyareaverypopularresourceforstudentslookingtoapplytouniversitycampus.

A.maintains

B.ismaintainingC.maintained

D.hasbeenmaintaining

13.Hewasluredintoacrimehewouldnot____________havecommitted.

A.actually

B.accidentally

C.otherwise

D.seldom

14.Shewasonceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof

_____________mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.A.bluehazyVirginia

B.hazyblueVirginiaC.VirginiahazyblueD.Virginiabluehazy

15.Ilongtoalleviate__________,butIcannot.

B.evil

C.evils

D.anevil

16.Indeed,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askillingandmaiming______________.

A.war

B.arewarC.ofwarD.areofwar

17.At____________,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-sensitivematerialisalteredwhenexposedtolight.

A.itsmostbasicB.itsbasic

C.themostbasic

D.thebasic

18.Shehiredalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhernamefrom

thedeed.Theinfinitiveverbphrase“onlytolearn”isused__________.

A.toexpressanintendedpurpose

B.toindicateahighdegreeofpossibility

C.torevealanundesirableconsequence

D.todramatizeastatedfact

19.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning?

A.Iwonderwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan.

B.Jimturnedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.

C.Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I’mgettingterriblybehind.

D.IsupposeI’mluckybecausemyparentswerebehindmealltheway.

20.Mymotherwasdeterminedtohelpthoseinneedandshe

wouldhavebeenimmensely

proudofwhathasbeenachievedtheselast20years.

Theitalicizedpartinthesentence

expresses_______.

A.ahypothesis

B.asuggestion

C.acontradiction

D.asurprise

21.WhenthepoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto

___________,theirlawyersusedthevideotapeasevidenceagainsttheprosecution.

A.justice

B.testimony

C.trial

D.verdict

22._________,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeen

stronglycriticizedforhiscrudecommentsaboutwomen.

A.Questionably

B.Arguably

C.Contentiously

D.Debatably

23.Priceshaverecentlyriseninorderto__________theincreasedcostofrawmaterials.A.cut

B.buoyC.offerD.offset

24.Thecelebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno__________ofgivinganyauthorizationto

anyonetoproceedwithadivorce.”

A.recommendation

B.recording

C.recollection

D.recognition

25.Whatactually__________agoodangle

—

oragoodselfieoverall

—

isrootedinwhat

weconsiderbeautiful.

A.consists

B.constitutes

C.composes

D.constructs

26.Theschoolisgoingthe________miletocreatethenextgenerationofsportingstarsthankstoitsuniquedevelopmentprogram.

A.finalB.further

C.supplementaryD.extra

27.Theteachers’union_________alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing

“deplorable”schoolconditions.

A.fired

B.filed

C.fined

D.filled

28.LastMarchthe__________ofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwaterarchaeologicalteam.

A.debris

B.ruins

C.remains

D.wreck

29.She’swornhisdesignson__________occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.A.countless

B.countableC.numericalD.numeral

30.Aleading___________intelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaseditsanalysisofworldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners.

A.oceangoingB.oceanicC.marine

D.maritime

PARTIVCLOZE

Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageif

insertedinthecorrespondingblank.ThewordscanbeusedONCEONLY.Marktheletterfor

eachwordonANSWERSHEET.

A.accompaniesB.automatically

F.kindG.manner

K.renownedL.subscribe

C.couple

H.mercifully

M.unknown

D.goes

I.one

N.virtue

E.indebtedness

J.obey

O.widespread

AFewyearsago,auniversityprofessortriedalittleexperiment.Hesent

Christmascardstoasampleofperfectstrangers.Althoughheexpectedsome

reaction,

the

responsehereceived

wasamazing—holiday

cardsaddressed

to

himcamepouringbackfromthepeoplewhohadnevermetnorheardofhim.The

greatmajorityofthosewhoreturnedacardneverinquiredintotheidentityofthe

unknownprofessor.Theyreceivedhisholiday

greeting

card,andthey

automaticallysentoneinreturn.Thisstudyshowstheactionofoneofthemost

powerfuloftheweaponsofinfluencearoundus

—theruleforreciprocation.The

rulesaysthatweshouldtrytorepay,inkind,whatanotherpersonhasprovided

us.Ifawomandoesusafavor,weshoulddoheroneinreturn;ifamansendsus

abirthdaypresent,weshouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofourown;ifa

coupleinvitesustoaparty,weshouldbesuretoinvitethemtooneofours.By

virtueof

the

reciprocity

rule,then,

weareobligated

tothe

futurerepayment

of

favors,

gifts,

invitations,

andthe

like.So

typical

isit

for

indebtedness

to

accompanythereceiptofsuchthingsthatatermlike

“muchobliged”hasbecome

asynonymfor“thankyou,”notonlyintheEnglishlanguagebutinothersaswell.

Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthesenseof

obligationthatgoeswithitisitspervasivenessinhumanculture.Itisso

widespreadthatafterintensivestudy,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercan

reportthatthereisnohumansocietythatdoesnotsubscribetotherule.

PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION

SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS

Inthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.For

eachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.

ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWER

SHEETTWO.

PASSAGEONE

（1）TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcoloniesthatwerefreefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties.Theywantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedontheirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priestsandchurches,noblemenandaristocrats.Thehistoricdecisionsmadebythosefirstsettlershavehadaprofoundeffecton

theshapingoftheAmericancharacter.Bylimitingthepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformalaristocracy,theycreatedaclimateoffreedomwherethe

emphasiswasontheindividual.IndividualfreedomisprobablythemostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues.Byfreedom,Americansmeanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualsto

controltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefromthegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyotherorganizedauthority.

（2）Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:

self-reliance.ItmeansthatAmericansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,achievingbothfinancial

andemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyage18or21.

（3）AsecondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntotheUnitedStatesisthebeliefthateveryonehasaequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceedin

thegame.BecausetitlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution,noformalclasssystem

developedintheU.S.

（4）Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunity:

competition.Ifmuchoflifeisseenasrace,thenapersonmustruntheraceinordertosucceed;apersonmustcompetewithothers.ThepressuresofcompetitioninthelifeofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueuntilretirementfromwork.Infact,anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfullydoesnotfitintothemainstreamofAmericanlifeaswellasthosewhodo.

（5）

Athirdreasonwhyimmigrants

havetraditionally

cometo

the

United

States

is

to

haveabetterlife.Becauseofitsabundantnaturalresources,theUnitedStatesappearedto

bea

“landofplentywheremillionscouldcometoseektheirfortunes.Thephrase

“goingfrom

ragstoriches”becameasloganfortheAmericandream.Manypeopledidachievematerial

success.

Materialwealthbecame

avaluetotheAmerican

people,

and

italso

became

an

acceptedmeasureofsocialstatus.

（6）Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:

hardwork.Hardworkhas

been

bothnecessaryandrewarding

formostAmericans

throughout

theirhistory.In

some

ways,materialpossessionsareseenasevidenceofpeople

’sabilities.BarryGoldwater,a

candidate

forthepresidencyin

1964,saidthatmostpoorpeople

are

poorbecause

they

deservetobe.MostAmericanswouldfindthisaharshstatement,butmanymightthinkthere

wassometruthinit.

（7）Theseb