英语阅读中的猜词技巧教师版.docx
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英语阅读中的猜词技巧教师版
英语阅读理解猜词技巧
1.利用定义或解释(definitionorexplanation)
Signalwords:
be,mean,dealwith,beconsideredtobe,refersto, becalled, beknownas,canbedefinedas,inotherwords,thatis,thatistosay,referto,signify,attributiveclause…..或用破折号、冒号、括号等来表示etc.
例如:
1).Doyouknowwhata“territory”is?
Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claims(声称)
asitsown.[05湖北卷A篇]
【由定义可推知,这里territory指的是:
“动物的地盘”。
】
2).Greenbuildingmeans“reducingtheimpact(影响)ofthebuildingontheland”.(04浙江卷B篇)
【由定义我们可以推断这里Greenbuilding指的环保房子。
】
3)Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots(嫩芽),oryoungleavesoftrees.(A)
Theword“pruning”means______
A.Regularcutting(修剪)oftheplantsB.Frequentwatering
C.RegularuseofchemicalsD.Growingtheplantshighinthemountain
4)、Thereseemtobetwoelementsinvolvedinourreadinesstofeelguilty。
Thefirstliesinourbeliefthattheworldmakessense——thereisareasonforeverythingthathappens。
Thesecondisthethoughtthatwearethecauseofwhathappens,especiallythebadthingsthathappen。
Theunderlinedpart“theworldmakessense”inparagraph3probablymeansthat——
A、everythingintheworldisplannedinadvance。
B、theworldcanbeunderstoodindifferentways
C、there’sanexplanationforeverythingintheworld
D、wehavetobewiseinordertounderstandtheworld
【“thereisareasonforeverythingthathappens”,sotheanswerisC.】
定语从句复述:
例如:
5)(04福建卷E篇)HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboar,andreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.
Accordingthepassage,ThePinesisa.
A.placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomes
B.mountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalley
C.townwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalPark
D.restaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood
【通过whose引导的定语从句,可以推测到:
ThePines是一家餐馆的名字,由此不难推出理解题的答案为:
D.】
6)Welikeournewhousebecauseithasafewelmsinthebackyard,whichgivesusshadeandkeepsthehousecooler.
Whatdoes“elm”mean?
【由“Whichgivesusshadeandkeepsthehousecooler”可知,elm是一种树。
】
7)Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem。
Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shoplifter”mean?
【由“whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem”可知,shoplifter指的是小偷。
】
[练习]
1)Thebestfootball,basketballandtennisplayerscanbecomeprofessionalthatmeanstheywillhaveacareerinsportsandwillgetmoneywhentheyplay.
2)Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.
3)Theword“lefty”meansapersonwhouseshisorherlefthandforwriting,eatingandotherjobs.
4)Doctorsrecommendedthateveryoneexerciseeveryday,particularthosewhospendmanyhoursdoingsedentaryactivitieslikereading,typingorsewing.
5)ApersonwhohastheSARS(非典型肺炎)mayhavesymptomslikecoughingandahightemperature.
6) Thenurseisonnightshift-----frommidnightto7a.m.
7)Therearetwotypesoffat,externalfat(fatunderskinandinternalfat(fatinsidethebodywall).
答案:
1)职业的2)盗窃癖3)左撇子“的”4)久坐的5)症状
6)shift:
theperiodoftimeworkedbyagroupofpeoplewhoworkbyturns(轮班)
7)external:
on,oforfortheoutside(外部的;外面的)
2.利用普通常识和经验(commonsenseorexperience)例如:
1)AfterMaryputtheletterintheenvelope,shesealeditandplacedastamponit,thenputitintothepostbox.
seal:
tofastenorcloseas/withaSEALoratightcoverorbandofsomething(密封;封闭)
2)Mikegotonthemotorcycle,andMarysatbehindhimonthepillion.
pillion:
aseatforasecondpersononamotorcycleplacedbehindthedrive(摩托车后座)
3.利用同义/同位语(similarity/appositive)
Signalwords:
forexample,forinstance,suchas,like,as---as,etc.例如:
有的文章作者为了增强表达效果,会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点,形成鲜明的对比,这时只要把握其中的一词,就不难推出另一词的含义,这种句子多见unlike,although,but,yet,while,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,foronething,foranother,insteadof,ratherthan等信息词。
如:
1).TheMetropolitanOperaOrchestra,forexample,usesanelectronic“blackbox”,aninstrumentthatsoundsaperfecttoneof440cyclespersecond,whichisconsideredstandard。
Accordingtothispassage,theelectronic“blackbox”isused——
A.bymostmajororchestras B.tosetthestandardpitch
C.toreplacetheprincipalclarinetist D.toavoidquarrelsamongmusicians
【由同位语从句thatsoundsaperfecttoneof440cyclespersecond,whichisconsideredstandard可知,答案选B。
】
2).Myorganicbusinessbiogrelatestonewsofinteresttoparentswhoareinterestedinorganics,alternativeenergyandetc.It’smadealittlemoney.Itpaysforitself,plusatinybitextra,butitcertainlyisn’tenoughtomakealiving.
Theunderlinedsentence“Itpaysforitself”inthe1stparagraphmeans——
A、thewriterspendssomemoneyonbloggingB、thewriterborrowssomemoneyforblogging
C、thewriter’sblogginghasmadeendsmeetD、thewriter’sbloggingcostsherlittlemoney
【由It’smadealittlemoney,butitcertainlyisn’tenoughtomakealiving可知答案选C。
】
3)Thecuttingoflargeforestareasalsocausesenvironmentalproblems,suchasgrowingdesertandthedeathsofmoreandmoreanimals。
[由suchas列举的沙漠的扩大,越来越多的动物的死亡,可知environmentalproblems指的是“环境的问题”。
]
4)(04辽宁卷C篇)Thecoursegivesyouchancestoknowgreatpowerpolitiesbetweennationstates.ItwillprovidemorespacetostudyparticularissuessuchasrelationshipamongcountriesintheEuropeanUnion,thirdworlddebt,localandinternationaldisagreement,andtheworkofsuchinternationalbodiesastheUnitedNations,theEuropeanUnion,NATO,andtheWorldBank.
【根据suchas后面列举的一系列例子,我们应该能推断出句中的issue是指“议题”。
】
5)(05浙江卷B篇)Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today.
【由同位语anendangeredwildcat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域:
一种濒临灭绝野猫。
】
6)Iamaresoluteman,thatis,onceIsetupagoal,Iwon’tgiveitupeasily.
【resolute:
(ofapersonorhischaracter)firm;determinedinpurpose(坚决的;断然的)】
7)Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallydoingsoistosay“I’msorryyou’reupset”;thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone。
Accordingtotheauthor,saying“I’msorryyou’reupset”mostprobablymeans“_________”.
A.YouhavegoodreasontogetupsetB.Iapologizeforhurtingyourfeelings
C.I’mwrongformakingyouupsetD.Iknowyou’reupset,butI’mnottoblame
【“Thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone”,sotheanswerisD.】
8).Scientistsgrowlargequantitiesofcommonmouldsothattheycangetpenicillin(青霉素)fromitinordertomakeantibiotics,thatis,substancesthatkillgerms.
antibiotics:
substancesthatkillgerms(抗生素;抗生菌)
[练习]:
1)Theperiodofadolescence,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort.
“adolescence”means___________(Theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood)
2).Oneideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinformation.Quitethereverse,businesspolite,lifeitselfisgameswhichwemustnormallyplaywithveryimperfectinformation.
A.Quiteright.B.Timeenough.C.Mostunlike.D.Justtheopposite.
[分析:
由前句中perfectinformation到后面imperfectinformation这一组对比关系的词,我们可以推断应为“对比、相反”的意思。
]
3).Thelargestplayer–ShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices,suchasdeluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavoriteofthetourists.
Thewords“deluxesedans,”“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextreferto________.(C)
A.carsinthemaking B.carrentalfirms C.carsforrent D.carmakers
4)UnliketheUniteStateswheremanydifferentnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation,Japan’spopulationisquitehomogeneous.
5).Thousandsofpeoplegotstuckinlifts.Butnoonepanicked,wepassedthetimetellingstories.
6).Mostofusagreed;however,Garydissented.
7).Heishomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.
8)Largechunksoficeandsnowmeltveryslowly.Oncetheybegintothaw,severalweeksofwarmweathermayberequiredbeforetheyaretotallydissolved.
9)Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborsallcalledheraneccentriclady.
10) Hisunclewasaroamer,awandererwhonevercouldstayinoneplace.
roamer:
apersonwhowandersthroughoraroundaplacewithnoveryclearaim(俳徊者;游荡者)
11)Everycountryhasitsfavoritebeverage.Indiansliketodrinkcoffeeafterdinner.TheEnglishprefertea.Americansoftendrinksoda.
beverage:
aliquidfordrinking,esp.onethatisnotwater(饮料)
[答案]:
4).单一民族的5)慌张6)不同意7)不英俊8)thaw:
(ofafrozensubstance)toincreaseintemperaturetoabovefreezingpointandsobecomingliquid,softorbendable(解冻;溶化)
dissolve:
(ofasolidoragas)tobecomeliquidbybeingputintoliquid(溶解)
9).eccentric:
(ofapersonorhisbehavior)peculiar;unusual;ratherstrange(古怪的;怪异的)
10).roamer:
apersonwhowandersthroughoraroundaplacewithnoveryclearaim(俳徊者;游荡者)
11)beverage:
aliquidfordrinking,esp.onethatisnotwater(饮料)
4.利用举例(from examples)
Signalwords:
as,like,thesameas,unlike,but,however,onthecontrary,while,instead…ect.
[例如]:
1).Thesnowwasfalling.Bigflakesdrifted(飘)withthewindlikefeathers.
2).Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashypersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesormakenewfriends.
3)Someshipscarriedcargosuchascoal,oilandmilitarysupplies(军用物资),whileotherscarriedonlypassengers.
cargo:
goodscarriedbyaship,planeorvehicle(货物)
4)Youmayselectanyoftheseperiodicalstoread:
NewYorker,Times,Reader’sDigest,