英语阅读中的猜词技巧教师版.docx
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英语阅读中的猜词技巧教师版
英语阅读理解猜词技巧
1.利用定义或解释（definitionorexplanation）
Signalwords:
be,mean,dealwith,beconsideredtobe,refersto, becalled, beknownas,canbedefinedas,inotherwords,thatis,thatistosay,referto,signify，attributiveclause…..或用破折号、冒号、括号等来表示etc.
例如：
1）.Doyouknowwhata“territory”is?
Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claims（声称）
asitsown.[05湖北卷A篇]
【由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：
“动物的地盘”。
】
2）.Greenbuildingmeans“reducingtheimpact（影响）ofthebuildingontheland”.（04浙江卷B篇）
【由定义我们可以推断这里Greenbuilding指的环保房子。
】
3）Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots（嫩芽）,oryoungleavesoftrees.（A）
Theword“pruning”means______
A.Regularcutting（修剪）oftheplantsB.Frequentwatering
C.RegularuseofchemicalsD.Growingtheplantshighinthemountain
4）、Thereseemtobetwoelementsinvolvedinourreadinesstofeelguilty。
Thefirstliesinourbeliefthattheworldmakessense——thereisareasonforeverythingthathappens。
Thesecondisthethoughtthatwearethecauseofwhathappens，especiallythebadthingsthathappen。
Theunderlinedpart“theworldmakessense”inparagraph3probablymeansthat——
A、everythingintheworldisplannedinadvance。
B、theworldcanbeunderstoodindifferentways
C、there’sanexplanationforeverythingintheworld
D、wehavetobewiseinordertounderstandtheworld
【“thereisareasonforeverythingthathappens”，sotheanswerisC.】
定语从句复述：
例如：
5）（04福建卷E篇）HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboar,andreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.
Accordingthepassage,ThePinesisa.
A．placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomes
B．mountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalley
C．townwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalPark
D．restaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood
【通过whose引导的定语从句，可以推测到：
ThePines是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：
D.】
6）Welikeournewhousebecauseithasafewelmsinthebackyard，whichgivesusshadeandkeepsthehousecooler.
Whatdoes“elm”mean？
【由“Whichgivesusshadeandkeepsthehousecooler”可知，elm是一种树。
】
7）Yet，shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems，suchasshoplifters，whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem。
Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shoplifter”mean？
【由“whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem”可知，shoplifter指的是小偷。
】
[练习]
1）Thebestfootball,basketballandtennisplayerscanbecomeprofessionalthatmeanstheywillhaveacareerinsportsandwillgetmoneywhentheyplay.
2）Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.
3）Theword“lefty”meansapersonwhouseshisorherlefthandforwriting,eatingandotherjobs.
4）Doctorsrecommendedthateveryoneexerciseeveryday,particularthosewhospendmanyhoursdoingsedentaryactivitieslikereading,typingorsewing.
5）ApersonwhohastheSARS（非典型肺炎）mayhavesymptomslikecoughingandahightemperature.
6） Thenurseisonnightshift-----frommidnightto7a.m.
7）Therearetwotypesoffat,externalfat（fatunderskinandinternalfat（fatinsidethebodywall）.
答案：
1）职业的2）盗窃癖3）左撇子“的”4）久坐的5）症状
6）shift:
theperiodoftimeworkedbyagroupofpeoplewhoworkbyturns（轮班）
7）external:
on,oforfortheoutside（外部的;外面的）
2.利用普通常识和经验（commonsenseorexperience）例如：
1）AfterMaryputtheletterintheenvelope,shesealeditandplacedastamponit,thenputitintothepostbox.
seal:
tofastenorcloseas/withaSEALoratightcoverorbandofsomething（密封;封闭）
2）Mikegotonthemotorcycle,andMarysatbehindhimonthepillion.
pillion:
aseatforasecondpersononamotorcycleplacedbehindthedrive（摩托车后座）
3.利用同义/同位语（similarity/appositive）
Signalwords：
forexample，forinstance，suchas，like，as---as，etc.例如：
有的文章作者为了增强表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义，这种句子多见unlike,although,but,yet,while,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,foronething,foranother,insteadof,ratherthan等信息词。
如：
1）．TheMetropolitanOperaOrchestra，forexample，usesanelectronic“blackbox”，aninstrumentthatsoundsaperfecttoneof440cyclespersecond，whichisconsideredstandard。
Accordingtothispassage，theelectronic“blackbox”isused——
A．bymostmajororchestras B.tosetthestandardpitch
C．toreplacetheprincipalclarinetist D.toavoidquarrelsamongmusicians
【由同位语从句thatsoundsaperfecttoneof440cyclespersecond，whichisconsideredstandard可知，答案选B。
】
2）．Myorganicbusinessbiogrelatestonewsofinteresttoparentswhoareinterestedinorganics，alternativeenergyandetc.It’smadealittlemoney.Itpaysforitself，plusatinybitextra，butitcertainlyisn’tenoughtomakealiving.
Theunderlinedsentence“Itpaysforitself”inthe1stparagraphmeans——
A、thewriterspendssomemoneyonbloggingB、thewriterborrowssomemoneyforblogging
C、thewriter’sblogginghasmadeendsmeetD、thewriter’sbloggingcostsherlittlemoney
【由It’smadealittlemoney，butitcertainlyisn’tenoughtomakealiving可知答案选C。
】
3）Thecuttingoflargeforestareasalsocausesenvironmentalproblems，suchasgrowingdesertandthedeathsofmoreandmoreanimals。
[由suchas列举的沙漠的扩大，越来越多的动物的死亡，可知environmentalproblems指的是“环境的问题”。
]
4）（04辽宁卷C篇）Thecoursegivesyouchancestoknowgreatpowerpolitiesbetweennationstates.ItwillprovidemorespacetostudyparticularissuessuchasrelationshipamongcountriesintheEuropeanUnion,thirdworlddebt,localandinternationaldisagreement,andtheworkofsuchinternationalbodiesastheUnitedNations,theEuropeanUnion,NATO,andtheWorldBank.
【根据suchas后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue是指“议题”。
】
5）（05浙江卷B篇）Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today．
【由同位语anendangeredwildcat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：
一种濒临灭绝野猫。
】
6）Iamaresoluteman,thatis,onceIsetupagoal,Iwon’tgiveitupeasily.
【resolute:
（ofapersonorhischaracter）firm;determinedinpurpose（坚决的;断然的）】
7）Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallydoingsoistosay“I’msorryyou’reupset”；thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone。
Accordingtotheauthor，saying“I’msorryyou’reupset”mostprobablymeans“_________”.
A．YouhavegoodreasontogetupsetB.Iapologizeforhurtingyourfeelings
C．I’mwrongformakingyouupsetD.Iknowyou’reupset，butI’mnottoblame
【“Thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone”，sotheanswerisD.】
8）.Scientistsgrowlargequantitiesofcommonmouldsothattheycangetpenicillin（青霉素）fromitinordertomakeantibiotics,thatis,substancesthatkillgerms.
antibiotics:
substancesthatkillgerms（抗生素;抗生菌）
[练习]：
1）Theperiodofadolescence,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort.
“adolescence”means___________（Theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood）
2）.Oneideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinformation.Quitethereverse,businesspolite,lifeitselfisgameswhichwemustnormallyplaywithveryimperfectinformation.
A.Quiteright.B.Timeenough.C.Mostunlike.D.Justtheopposite.
[分析：
由前句中perfectinformation到后面imperfectinformation这一组对比关系的词，我们可以推断应为“对比、相反”的意思。
]
3）.Thelargestplayer–ShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices,suchasdeluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavoriteofthetourists.
Thewords“deluxesedans,”“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextreferto________.（C）
A.carsinthemaking B.carrentalfirms C.carsforrent D.carmakers
4）UnliketheUniteStateswheremanydifferentnationalitiesmakeupthepopulation,Japan’spopulationisquitehomogeneous.
5）.Thousandsofpeoplegotstuckinlifts.Butnoonepanicked,wepassedthetimetellingstories.
6）.Mostofusagreed;however,Garydissented.
7）.Heishomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.
8）Largechunksoficeandsnowmeltveryslowly.Oncetheybegintothaw,severalweeksofwarmweathermayberequiredbeforetheyaretotallydissolved.
9）Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborsallcalledheraneccentriclady.
10） Hisunclewasaroamer,awandererwhonevercouldstayinoneplace.
roamer:
apersonwhowandersthroughoraroundaplacewithnoveryclearaim（俳徊者;游荡者）
11）Everycountryhasitsfavoritebeverage.Indiansliketodrinkcoffeeafterdinner.TheEnglishprefertea.Americansoftendrinksoda.
beverage:
aliquidfordrinking,esp.onethatisnotwater（饮料）
[答案]：
4）.单一民族的5）慌张6）不同意7）不英俊8）thaw:
（ofafrozensubstance）toincreaseintemperaturetoabovefreezingpointandsobecomingliquid,softorbendable（解冻;溶化）
dissolve:
（ofasolidoragas）tobecomeliquidbybeingputintoliquid（溶解）
9）.eccentric:
（ofapersonorhisbehavior）peculiar;unusual;ratherstrange（古怪的;怪异的）
10）.roamer:
apersonwhowandersthroughoraroundaplacewithnoveryclearaim（俳徊者;游荡者）
11）beverage:
aliquidfordrinking,esp.onethatisnotwater（饮料）
4.利用举例（from examples）
Signalwords:
as,like,thesameas，unlike,but，however,onthecontrary,while,instead…ect.
[例如]：
1）.Thesnowwasfalling.Bigflakesdrifted（飘）withthewindlikefeathers.
2）.Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashypersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesormakenewfriends.
3）Someshipscarriedcargosuchascoal,oilandmilitarysupplies（军用物资）,whileotherscarriedonlypassengers.
cargo:
goodscarriedbyaship,planeorvehicle（货物）
4）Youmayselectanyoftheseperiodicalstoread:
NewYorker,Times,Reader’sDigest,
升级会员 