6级考前冲刺试题三.docx

6级考前冲刺试题三.docx

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6级考前冲刺试题三

６级考前冲刺试题三

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledCanKnowledgeChangeOne’sDestiny?

Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.有人相信知识能改变命运

2.有人则认为当今社会光靠知识已经很难改变命运

3.我认为……

CanKnowledgeChangeOne’sDestiny?

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PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

ComparingYourselftoOthers:

It’sNotAllBad

“Tocompareistodespair,”thesayinggoes,andI’vegenerallyfoundittobetrue.IfItryhardenough（andsometimesevenifIdon’t）Icanusuallyfindsomeonewhoperformsbetterorhasmore.AndIcanfeelbadaboutit.

Iobjectivelyknowthatmyownlifeisprettygood,butthisupwardcomparison,aseconomistsandpsychologistscallit,cansomehowdimmyownaccomplishments.“Comparisonisrifewithdanger,butit’sunderstandablewhywedoit,”saidHeidiGrantHalvorson,asocialpsychologist.“We’rehumanbeingsandwenaturallyseekinformation.”

Onewaytogetinformation,Ms.Halvorsonsaid,istoturntoexperts.Anotherwayistolookatthosearoundus.

Andoftenwhatweseeinourneighborhoodorcommunityismoreimportant,inourminds,thananythingelse.Economicstudieshaveshown,forexample,thatoncetheymakeacertainamountofmoneytocoverbasics,mostpeoplecaremoreaboutrelative,ratherthanabsolute,income.Thatis,mostofusfeelbetterifwemake,say,$100,000ifthemajorityofourneighborsmake$75,000thanifweearn$150,000whenmostofourfriendsbringin$200,000.

Onesuchstudy,“NeighborsasNegatives:

RelativeEarningsandWell-Being,”publishedin2005inTheQuarterlyJournalofEconomics,foundthat“higherearningsofneighborswereassociatedwithlowerlevelsofself-reportedhappiness.”Thepapercitestheoft-quotedsayingbytheeconomistandphilosopherJohnStuartMill:

“Mendonotdesiretoberich,buttobericherthanothermen.”

ErzoF.P.Luttmer,theauthorofthestudyandanassociateprofessorofeconomicsatDartmouthCollege,saidinatelephoneinterviewthatneighbors“influencewhatyouthinkisanormallifestyle,andyoustruggletokeepup.”

We’reoftentoldtoavoidcomparing,butthisisbothdifficultandnotnecessarilywiseadviceinallsituations.

Ms.Halvorson,whoisalsoauthorofthebook“Succeed:

HowWeCanReachOurGoals”（HudsonStreetPress,2010）,saidweneededtothinkaboutwhywewereseekingtheinformation.“Upwardcomparisoncanbepunishingandmakeyoufeelterrible,”shesaid.“Butyoucanalsolookupwardtolearn.”

Ifwefeelbad,forexample,abouthowwellwejustplayedinagameoftennis,wecancheckoutthosewhoplayworsetomakeourselvesfeelbetter,andavoidwatchingthesemi-prosontheothercourt.Or,ifwebelievethatwecanimproveandlearnbylookingatothers—andnotjustfeelinferioraboutplayingworse—thenwecanwatchthebetterplayers.

Therearealsoprosandconstocomparingourselveswithpeopleworseoffthanourselves.It’snotgoodifwe’rejusttryingtogainasenseofsuperiorityoravoidingchallengingourselvestodobetter.Butsuchdownwardcomparisonscanremindusofourownfortune.Theycanalsohelpuswhenwethinkaboutthethingsweregretbutwecannotchange.

Aspartofastudyco-writtenbyIsabelleBauer,aclinicalpsychologistinToronto,104peopleofvariousageswereaskedtocompleteasurveyabouttheirgreatestmisgivings—choosingthewrongcareerpath,orfailingtomakeamendstosomeonewhopassedawayormarryingthewrongperson.

Thestudyfoundthatthosewhofeltthatotherpeoplehadregretsthatwere“more”or“muchmore”severereportedanincreaseinpositiveemotionswhenreassessedfourmonthslatercomparedwiththosewhosaidthatotherpeople’sregretswere“less”or“muchless”severe.

“Ifyoucan’tchangewhatyoudid,thendownwardsocialcomparisonhelpsusgainperspective,”Ms.Bauersaid.“Andthosepeopleareabletomoveonandre-engageinothergoals.Ifyoucompareupwardaboutthingsyoucan’tchange,thenyouseemtojustfeelstuck.”Butthosewhocomparedthemselvesdownwardandhadtheopportunitytodosomethingabouttheirregretsdidn’tfeelanymorepositiveovertime,shesaid.

Comparisonscanalsoserveasarealitycheck,particularlywhenspeakingaboutmoney.

MycolleagueRonLieber,forexample,wroteaboutNetworthIQ,asitethatallowspeopletoanonymouslyposttheirownnetworth.Wouldwebehappierandhealthier,heaskedreaders,ifweknewthenetworthofourfriends,colleaguesandneighbors?

Theoverwhelmingresponsewasno.Asonecommenterputit:

“Iamsickenedbytheideaofcalculatingone’s‘networth’intermsofmoney.It’sgoodtohavesavingsandit’sgoodtohaveanestinwhichonecannestlewhenoneexceedsproductiveyears.However,toexpressyourworthintermsofthe‘howmuch?

’questionisonemoresteptowarddehumanization.I’dratherfigureoutmynetworthintermsofhowmuchIamworthtotheworldinwhichIlive.”

Noteveryonefeelsthatway,ofcourse,andplentyofpeoplehavepostedtheirprofilesonNetworthIQ.com.

INGRetirement,aUnitedStates-baseddivisionoftheDutchfinancialservicesgroup,afewyearsagointroducedINGCompareME.com,whichallowsyoutoanonymouslytypeinyourprofile—yourage,income,genderandmaritalstatus.

Thenyouanswersomepersonalfinancequestions,liketheamountofmoneyyou’veputasideforretirement,yourmortgagepayments,whatyouthinkyou’llneedtosavetoretirecomfortablyandsoon.Youaretheninstantlycomparedwithyourpeers.

Iansweredsomeofthequestionsandseemedprettyaverage.IguessIwaspleasedourretirementsavingswereslightlyhigherthanthoseoftheother1,071peoplewhoansweredthequestionwithasimilarprofile,butIalsowasn’tsureifIshouldbe.Mightitjustmeanthatallofusaresavingtoolittle?

WasIgettingafalsesenseofsecurity?

Notatall,saidDenis-MartinMonty,vicepresidentofemergingproductdevelopmentatINGRetirement.Rather,itisausefultooltogetustothinkaboutthingsweoftendon’twantto—likehowmuch（orlittle）we’veputawayforretirement.

Thesitewasinitiallytestedamong28,000employeesofING’slargerclients.Whenaskedattheendofthesurvey,64percentofthosewhomeasuredthemselveschosetotakesomesortofpositiveaction,likeenrollinaretirementplanorincreasetheirsavingsrate.

Mr.Montyalsopointedoutthatstudiesshowthatmostofusthinkwe’reaboveaverage,whathecalledtheLakeWobegoneffect.

“Wetendtooverestimatewherewestandincomparisontootherpeople,”hesaid.Sopeoplearen’tnecessarilylookingathowmuchmorethey’reactuallysavingthanotherpeople,hesaid,buthowmuchmoretheythoughttheyweresaving.

Thesiterecentlyhitthemillion-usermark,Mr.Montysaid.

DavidLaibson,aprofessorofeconomicsatHarvardUniversity,whohaslookedattheimpactofprovidingpeerinformationonretirementsavingsdecisions（itcanbehelpful,butnotalways）agreedthatsuchcomparisonscanserveapurpose.

“Comparisonstolargegroupsofpeersareoftenuseful,”hesaid.“It’sneverthefinalwordonwhatIshoulddo,butitdoesgivemefoodforthought.”

Idoubtmostofusareevergoingtostopcomparingourselveswithothers.Themostimportantpointtokeepinmind,however,isasMs.Halvorsonsaid:

“There’salotofimperfectcomparisongoingon.Weneverseethewholepicture.”

1.WhatisHeidiGrantHalvorson’sviewofcomparison?

A）Ithighlightspeople’sachievementsinsomeway.

B）Itcanbeacceptedasawayofgettinginformation.

C）Itshouldbeblamedforcausinghopelessness.

D）Itmakespeoplefeelsatisfiedwiththeirownlife.

2.Accordingtoeconomicstudies,whatdomostpeopledowhentheyareabletomeettheirbasicneed?

A）Theyaremoreinterestedinrelativeincome.

B）Theydevotethemselvestocommunitycauses.

C）Theydesiretobecomericherandricher.

D）Theyassociatetheirhappinesswiththeirincome.

3.Theauthorsaidtheadvi