必修4 Unit 5 Theme parks 构词法.docx

必修4 Unit 5 Theme parks 构词法.docx

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必修4Unit5Themeparks构词法

课程信息

年级

高一

学科

英语

版本

人教实验版

内容标题

必修4Unit5ThemeParks构词法

编稿老师

林静

【本讲教育信息】

一、教学内容

必修4Unit5Wordformation—构词法

二、知识精讲

英语中的构词法主要有转化法、合成法和派生法。

（一）转化法（conversion）

在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。

1.动词转化为名词

Letmehaveatry.让我试试。

Theyareonlyallowedtosellsoftdrinksatschool.

在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。

2.名词转化为动词

Heshoulderedhiswaythroughthecrowd.

他用肩膀推开人群前进。

Thesmellfromthekitchenmadehismouthwater.

从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。

3.形容词转化为动词

Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.

我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

Theytriedtoperfecttheworkingconditions.

他们努力改善工作条件。

4.形容词转化为名词

Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.

他不辨是非。

Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.

我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

5.形容词转化为副词

Howlonghaveyoulivedthere?

你在那儿住多久了？

Howhardthestudentsstudy!

这些学生学习多刻苦啊！

6.个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词

Warmclothesareamustinthemountains.

穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。

Lifeisfullofupsanddowns.

人生有得意时也有失意时。

Hisargumentcontainstoomanyifsandbuts.

他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。

即学即用

You’dbetterputyour_______________inthebank.

A.valuablesB.valuesC.valuableD.value

（二）合成法（composition）

由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词（compounds）。

合成词的写法由习惯决定，可以写在一起，也可以用连词符号连接。

1.合成名词

名词/代词+名词newspaperbloodtestshe-wolf

动词+名词typewriterpickpocketdaybreak

形容词+名词greenhousehighway

副词+名词overcoatoutside

名词+v.-ing/v.-ing+名词

handwritingreadingroomfreezingpoint

动词+副词/副词+动词

breakthroughget-togetheroutbreakoutcome

名词+介词+名词:

sister-in-laweditor-in-chief

2.合成形容词

名词+形容词/形容词+名词

world-famousduty-freelarge-scalelong-term

副词+形容词over-anxiousevergreen

名词+过去分词man-madesun-burnt

名词+现在分词peace-lovingEnglish-speaking

形容词+现在分词good-lookingeasy-going

副词+过去分词well-informedwidespread

副词+现在分词hardworkingfar-reaching

形容词+名词+edwarm-heartedabsent-minded

数词+名词+edthree-leggedten–storied

数词+名词one-wayfive–star

数词+名词+形容词ten-year-old800-meter-long

名词+to+名词face–to-facedoor-to-door

3.合成动词

名词+动词baby-sitsleepwalk

副词+动词outnumberunderestimateoverwork

形容词+动词whitewash

4.合成副词

形容词＋名词meanwhileanyway

形容词＋副词everywhereanyhow

副词＋副词however

介词＋名词beforehandoverhead

介词＋副词forever

5.合成代词

代词宾格＋self/selvesherselfthemselves

物主代词＋self/selvesmyselfyourselves

形容词＋名词anythingnothing

6.合成介词

副词＋名词insideoutside

介词＋副词withoutwithin

副词＋介词into

即学即用

①The___________isjustaroundthecornerandyouwon’tmissit.

A.bicycle’sshopB.bicycleshopC.bicyclesshopD.bicycles’shop

②—Whatareyoudoinghere?

—Oh,myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageofabout__________inEnglish.

—Youcanwritea_____________passageinEnglish?

A.600words;600-wordsB.600-words;600-words

C.600words;600-wordD.600-words;600-word

③Hewasfilledwithenvyathis________wealth.Hedecidedtogodownsouthtoseekhisfortune.

A.brother-in-law’sB.brother’s-in-law

C.brother-inlawD.brothers-in-law

④Hefoundalotof_______________were_____________.

A.passers-by;grown-upsB.passers-bys;growns-up

C.passers-bys;grownupsD.passers-by;growns-up

⑤Youmustputyourheartintoyourstudies.Don’tbe______inclass.

A.absent-mindedB.absent-minding

C.absent-mindD.absence-minded

（三）派生法

由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。

1.前缀

除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。

（1）表示否定意义的前缀

un-unhappyunfinishedundress

dis-disagreedisbelieve

in[il-（在字母l前），im-（在字母m,b,p前），ir（在字母r前）]-

inaccurateillegalimpoliteimbalanceirregular

mis-misbehavemisleadmistake

non-nonstopnonsmoker

（2）表示其他意义的前缀

en-“使……”enrichenlargeencourage

inter-“相互”internationalintercontinental

re-“再，又，重”rethinkretellrecycle

tele-“远程的”telescopetelephonetelegraph

auto-“自动的”automaticautomobile

co-“共同”coworkercooperatecoexist

anti-“反对，抵抗”antiwarantifreezeantinuclear

multi-“多”multistorymulticulturalmulticolor

bi-“双，二”bicyclebilingualbilateral

micro-“极小的，微小的”microwavemicrocomputer

over-“太多，过分”overworkoverdooverestimate

self-“自己，本身”self-centeredself-confidentself-control

under-“在……下面，……下的，不足的”underline,underground,underestimate,underrate

2.后缀

（1）形容词后缀

-able“可……的，具有……的”acceptabledrinkableknowledgeablereasonable

-al“与……有关的”physical,magical,political

-an“属于某地方的人”AmericanAfrican

-ern“方向”southern,northern,eastern

-ful/less“（没）有……的”helpful,useful,homeless,hopeless

-ish“如……的；有……特征的”foolishchildishselfish

-ive“有……倾向的”activeattractiveexpensive

-en“由……制成的”goldenwoodenwoolen

-ous“有（性质）的”famous,dangerous,poisonous

-ly“有……性质的”friendlyyearlydaily

-y“构成形容词”noisydustycloudy

（2）名词后缀

-er/or“表人或用具”farmer,baker,visitor,professor,cooker,container

-ese“某国（人）的”Chinese,Japanese

-ian“某国、某地人；精通……的人”musician,Asian,Russian,technician

-ist“某种主义或职业者”physicist,scientist,communist，socialist

-ess“表女性，雌性”hostess,actress,princess

-ment“行为或其状态”government,movement,achievement

-ness“性质，状态”illness,sadness,carelessness

-tion“动作，过程，结果”invention,organization,translation

-ance/ence“抽象；行为、性质、状态”importance,appearance,absence,existence

-th“性质、情况”depth,warmth,truth

-ful“（满的）量”handful,spoonful,mouthful

-（a）bility“抽象、性质、状态”possibility,disability,reliability

-al“过程、状态”survival,arrival,approval

-y“性质、情况”modesty,delivery,honesty

-dom“处于……状态；性质”freedom,boredom

-age“状态，行为，身份及其结果”courage,storage,marriage

（3）动词后缀

-fy/ify“使得；变得”simplify,beautify,purify

-en“使成为……；变得”shorten,deepen,sadden

-ize“使成为”apologize,realize,specialize

（4）副词后缀

-ly“方式，程度”freely,truly,angrily

ward（s）“向……”towards,forward,upwards

（5）数词后缀

-teen“十几”fourteen,eighteen,thirteen

-ty“整十位数”forty,fifty,sixty

-th“序数词”twelfth,twentieth

即学即用

1.—Whatanicefireyouhaveinyourfireplace！

—DuringthewinterIlikemyhouse.

A.warmlyandcomfortablyB.warmandcomfortable

C.warmandcomfortablyD.warmlyandcomfortable

2.Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheir________bravely.

A.freeB.freelyC.freedomD.freeway

3.It’s____________topersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.He’sverystubborn.

A.possibleB.impossiblyC.unlikelyD.likely

4.Don’tbe_______,youshouldshareyourtoyswithyourbrothers.

A.selflessB.selfC.selfishD.selflessly

5.Theenvironmentalistssaidwildgoats’______onthevastgrasslandswasagoodindicationofthebetterenvironment.

A.escapeB.absenceC.attendanceD.appearance

6.Whentheteacherpraisedhimforworkingoutthemathsproblem,Jacklooked______aboutathisclassmates.

A.proudB.proudlyC.prideD.pridely

7.ThestorythatThomashadtoldbeforeyouarrivedsounded______butinfactitwasuntrue.

A.reasonableB.reasonfulC.reasonlessD.unreason

8.Thesingergavea____smiletoallaudiencewhocametogreether.

A.friendB.friendlyC.friendlessD.friendship

9.HavingaknowledgeofEnglish_______youtocommunicatewithforeigners.Atthesametimeitcan_____yourmind.

A.able;richB.enable;enrich

C.enables;enrichD.enables;richen

10.Theteachermademe______forkeepingtheclassinorderwhileshewentout.

A.responsibleB.responsiblyC.respondD.responsive

11.Cheerup!

Don’tbe____byonefailure.Youwillsucceednexttime.

A.encouragesB.discouragedC.encouragedD.discouraging

12.Hisfatherisafamous________intheITfields,soalotofbigcompanieswanttoemployhim.

A.specialistB.specialC.specializeD.specially

【典型例题】

1.Nowadaystherolesofhusbandandwifearenotasdefinedasbefore,especiallywhenbothpartnersworkandearnmoneyforthefamily.

A.clearB.clearedC.clearlyD.moreclearly

2.Workgetsdone______whenpeopledoittogether,andtherewardsarehighertoo.

A.easilyB.veryeasyC.moreeasilyD.easier

3.Mybrotherisreally____.Heoftenworksinhisofficefarintothenight.

A.open-mindedB.hard-workingC.self-confidentD.warm-hearted

4.Johnisvery——ifhepromisestodosomethinghe’lldoit.

A.independentB.confidentC.reliableD.flexible

5.Inthegoodcareofthenurses,theboyisrecoveringfromhisheartoperation.

A.quietlyB.actuallyC.practicallyD.gradually

6.Itseemsthatlivinggreeniseasyandaffordable.Asmallstepmakesabigdifference.

A.exactlyB.fortunatelyC.surprisinglyD.hardly

7.Inspiteofrepeatedwrongsdonetohim,helooks_____topeoplegreetinghim.

A.friendlyB.livelyC.worriedD.cold

8.Runningacompanyisnot______amatterofhiringpeople—theyalsoneedtobetrained.

A.simplyB.partlyC.seriouslyD.equally

【模拟试题】（答题时间：

60分钟）

一、单项选择

1.—TomisBob’sbrother.

—________thatTomandBobaresoalike.

A.NomatterB.NowayC.NoproblemD.Nowonder

2.Weknewwe_____theparkwhenwestartedseeingthetigerrightnexttotheroad.

A.weregettingclosetoB.weregettingcloselyto

C.werecomingtoD.getcloseto

3.InOctober,the____tothezoohasrisenby50yuan.

A.permissionB.admissionC.introductionD.instruction

4.Iwouldlearnalotofwordsfromthesebooks,butIhad________problemsmemorizingthem.

A.terriblyB.terrorC.terrifiedD.terrible

5.Moreandmorepeoplechoosetoshopinthesupermarkets,fortheyareespeciallyinterestedinthe_________ofgoodsonoffer.

A.priceB.varietyC.valueD.amount

6.Heiscooltowardsstrangers,butwithhisfriendshereally________.

A.comestolifeB.comesaboutC.comesupD.comesout

7.—Ihavebeenworkingfortenhours.

—_______youlookedtired.You’dbetterhavearest.

A.NoproblemB.NowonderC.NohurryD.Nomatter

8.Theorganizationwasse