考研精选考研英语一真题含答案解析.docx
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考研精选考研英语一真题含答案解析
1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationto
languageistheword.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsis1the
utmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceof2
breakdownisinthecommunicationcycle.Toooften,carelessuseof
words__3ameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.The
wordsusedbythespeakermay___4unfavorablereactionsinthe
listener5interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,the
transmission-receptionsystembreaksdown.6__,inaccurateor
indefinitewordsmaymake___7difficultforthelistenerto
understandthe8whichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeaker
whodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybe9
toexplainordescribeina10thatcanbeunderstoodbyhis
listeners.
1.[A]of[B]at[C]for[D]on
2.[A]inaccessible[B]timely[C]likely[D]
invalid
3.[A]encourages[B]prevents[C]destroys[D]
offers
4.[A]passout[B]takeaway[C]backup[D]
stirup
5.[A]who[B]as[C]which[D]what
6.[A]Moreover[B]However[C]Preliminarily[D]
Unexpectedly
7.[A]that[B]it[C]so[D]this
8.[A]speech[B]sense[C]message[D]
meaning
9.[A]obscure[B]difficult[C]impossible[D]
unable
10.[A]case[B]means[C]method[D]way
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
Passage1
TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasically
private-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumers
largelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyin
themarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.
Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsand
servicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,
operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthese
goodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystem
itisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireof
businessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto
maximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproduced
andhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.
Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanism
bywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.
IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,
aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemands
ofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproduct
isinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidup
andsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheother
hand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,this
willtendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,which
inturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.
Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomic
system.
Theimportantfactorinaprivateenterpriseeconomyisthat
individualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privateproperty),
andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernatural
resources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.Inthe
Americaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonly
theownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,
includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakea
freecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.
11.InLine11,Para1,“thedesireofindividualstomaximize
theirincomes”means__.
[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes
[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes
[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased
[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheir
incomes
12.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat__.
[A]producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction
[B]consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers
[C]producersdecidethepricesofproducts
[D]supplyanddemandregulateprices
13.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyis
characterizedby__.
[A]privatepropertyandrightsconcerned
[B]manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol
[C]ownershipofproductiveresources
[D]freecontractsandprices
14.Thepassageismainlyabout__.
[A]howAmericangoodsareproduced
[B]howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods
[C]howAmericaneconomicsystemworks
[D]howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofits
Passage2
OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastone
bank-issuedcreditcard.Theygivetheirownersautomaticcreditin
stores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,andeven
abroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.More
andmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingit
possibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whether
ornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe“cashless
society”isnotonthehorizon—it'salreadyhere.
Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhave
manyadvantagesforsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuch
morethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,
includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallows
businessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitems
arebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderor
returngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethese
computersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethe
mostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemade
accordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersfor
promotional.Computersarereliedonbymanufacturersforsimilar
reasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhich
productstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhich
todrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialson
hand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.
Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazine
publishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bring
betterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseof
computers.
15.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsowner
to__.
[A]withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishes
[B]obtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledo
[C]enjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeeper
[D]cashmoneywhereverhewishesto
16.Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearnthat
__.
[A]inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcards
[B]creditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatestoday
[C]nowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincash
[D]itisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbefore
17.Thephrase
ingupsales(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans
“___”.
[A]makeanorderofgoods[B]recordsalesonacash
register
[C]callthesalesmanager[D]keeptrackofthegoods
instock
18.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?
[A]Approachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.
[B]Conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.
[C]Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.
[D]Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.
Passage3
Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfrom
othersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfull
adultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.
Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefind
ourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactor
onthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportance
ofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththe
familyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoften
thekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschools
thatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety'sunderstanding—the
knowledge,hopes,andfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.
Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatminor
wecanseethestrengths,theweaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,
andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestin
exceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree
decadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,
whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofully
developtheircapabilities.
“Allmenarecreatedequal.”We'vehearditmanytimes,butit
stillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.
Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry'sfounderstodenote
equalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequality
ofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforall
children—therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothe
limitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.
Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthat
publicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.In
response,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprograms,adaptinginstruction
tochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofit
substantiallyfromregularprograms.
19.InParagraph2,theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleading
actoronthestagetoshowthat_____.
[A]thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeir
familyandthesociety
[B]exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthan
normalchildrenare
[C]excepti