考研精选考研英语一真题含答案解析.docx

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考研精选考研英语一真题含答案解析.docx

考研精选考研英语一真题含答案解析

1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationto

languageistheword.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsis1the

utmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceof2

breakdownisinthecommunicationcycle.Toooften,carelessuseof

words__3ameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.The

wordsusedbythespeakermay___4unfavorablereactionsinthe

listener5interferewithhiscomprehension;hence,the

transmission-receptionsystembreaksdown.6__,inaccurateor

indefinitewordsmaymake___7difficultforthelistenerto

understandthe8whichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeaker

whodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybe9

toexplainordescribeina10thatcanbeunderstoodbyhis

listeners.

1.[A]of[B]at[C]for[D]on

2.[A]inaccessible[B]timely[C]likely[D]

invalid

3.[A]encourages[B]prevents[C]destroys[D]

offers

4.[A]passout[B]takeaway[C]backup[D]

stirup

5.[A]who[B]as[C]which[D]what

6.[A]Moreover[B]However[C]Preliminarily[D]

Unexpectedly

7.[A]that[B]it[C]so[D]this

8.[A]speech[B]sense[C]message[D]

meaning

9.[A]obscure[B]difficult[C]impossible[D]

unable

10.[A]case[B]means[C]method[D]way

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

Passage1

TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasically

private-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumers

largelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyin

themarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.

Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsand

servicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,

operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthese

goodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystem

itisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireof

businessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualsto

maximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproduced

andhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.

Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanism

bywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.

IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,

aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemands

ofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproduct

isinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidup

andsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheother

hand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,this

willtendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,which

inturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.

Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomic

system.

Theimportantfactorinaprivateenterpriseeconomyisthat

individualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privateproperty),

andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernatural

resources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.Inthe

Americaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonly

theownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,

includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakea

freecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.

11.InLine11,Para1,“thedesireofindividualstomaximize

theirincomes”means__.

[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes

[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes

[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased

[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheir

incomes

12.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat__.

[A]producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction

[B]consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers

[C]producersdecidethepricesofproducts

[D]supplyanddemandregulateprices

13.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyis

characterizedby__.

[A]privatepropertyandrightsconcerned

[B]manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol

[C]ownershipofproductiveresources

[D]freecontractsandprices

14.Thepassageismainlyabout__.

[A]howAmericangoodsareproduced

[B]howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods

[C]howAmericaneconomicsystemworks

[D]howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofits

Passage2

OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastone

bank-issuedcreditcard.Theygivetheirownersautomaticcreditin

stores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,andeven

abroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.More

andmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingit

possibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whether

ornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe“cashless

society”isnotonthehorizon—it'salreadyhere.

Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhave

manyadvantagesforsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuch

morethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,

includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallows

businessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitems

arebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderor

returngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethese

computersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethe

mostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemade

accordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersfor

promotional.Computersarereliedonbymanufacturersforsimilar

reasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhich

productstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhich

todrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialson

hand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.

Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazine

publishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bring

betterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseof

computers.

15.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsowner

to__.

[A]withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishes

[B]obtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledo

[C]enjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeeper

[D]cashmoneywhereverhewishesto

16.Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearnthat

__.

[A]inthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcards

[B]creditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatestoday

[C]nowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincash

[D]itisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbefore

17.Thephrase

ingupsales(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans

“___”.

[A]makeanorderofgoods[B]recordsalesonacash

register

[C]callthesalesmanager[D]keeptrackofthegoods

instock

18.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?

[A]Approachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.

[B]Conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.

[C]Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.

[D]Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.

Passage3

Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfrom

othersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfull

adultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.

Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefind

ourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactor

onthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportance

ofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththe

familyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoften

thekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschools

thatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety'sunderstanding—the

knowledge,hopes,andfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatminor

wecanseethestrengths,theweaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,

andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestin

exceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthree

decadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,

whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofully

developtheircapabilities.

“Allmenarecreatedequal.”We'vehearditmanytimes,butit

stillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.

Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry'sfounderstodenote

equalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequality

ofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforall

children—therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothe

limitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.

Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthat

publicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.In

response,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprograms,adaptinginstruction

tochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofit

substantiallyfromregularprograms.

19.InParagraph2,theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleading

actoronthestagetoshowthat_____.

[A]thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeir

familyandthesociety

[B]exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthan

normalchildrenare

[C]excepti

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