地方文化创意产业外文文献翻译.docx

地方文化创意产业外文文献翻译.docx

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文献信息

文献标题：

CreativeEconomy,CulturalIndustriesandLocalDevelopment

（创意经济、文化产业与地方发展）

文献作者：

NicolaBoccella，IreneSalerno

文献出处：

《Procedia-SocialandBehavioralSciences》,2016,223:

291-296.

字数统计：

英文3378单词，18355字符；中文5627汉字

外文文献

CreativeEconomy,CulturalIndustriesandLocalDevelopment

Abstract Thepurposeofthispaperistodrawaclearpictureofcreativeandculturalindustriesandofthecreativeeconomy,asdrivingfactorsofeconomicgrowthandlocaldevelopment.Tothisaim,thepaperanalyzessomerecentdataonthesignificanceofthecreativeeconomies,reflectingontheconceptsofcreativeandculturalindustries.Inthetext,attentionispaidtothelinksbetweencreativeeconomyandlocaldevelopmentononehand,andtheconceptsofterritorialcapitalandsocialcapitalontheotherside.

Intheend,theworkfocusesonpresentingtheresultsofanin-progressstudy,abouttherecentliteratureonthementionedissues,presentingabriefoverviewofsomesignificantworks.

Keywords:

Creativeeconomy,culturaleconomy,culturalindistries,creativeindustries,localdevelopment,socialcapital,territorialcapital.

1.Creativeeconomy,culturalandcreativeindustries.Overviewonconceptsanddata

Overthelastyears,theimportanceoftheso-calledculturaleconomyandoftheculturalandcreativeindustrieshasgreatlyincreased.Today,culturalandcreativeindustriesaredrivingfactorsforeconomicgrowthandaccordingtoglobaldemand,

alsostimulatedbytheneweconomy.Asitisknown,theconceptrefersnotonlytothedomainofcultureinthestrictsense,butrefersalsotoculturalgoodsandservicesasthecoreofanew,powerful andvastsectorthatcanbebroadlyreferredto culturalareas.

Thecreativeeconomyiscloselyrelatedtothecreativeandculturalindustries.ThetermculturalindustrieswasdiffusedsincetheEighties,anditwasreferredtothoseformsofculturalproductionandconsumption,whichhaveattheircenterasymbolicorexpressiveelement.TheconceptwasthenspreadaroundtheworldbyUNESCOjustsincetheEightiesanditsdefinitionhasgraduallyincorporatedawiderangeofindustries:

music,theindustriesrelatedto art,writing,fashionanddesign,media,aswellascraftproduction.

SincetheNinetiesoftheNineteenthCentury,however,itisinusealsothenameofthecreativeindustries;thetermreferstoaverylargeproductionthatincludesgoodsandservicesproducedbytheculturalindustriesandthosedependingoninnovation.

Fromthetimeinwhichtheterm“creativeeconomy”waspopularized,in2001,theso-calledculturalandcreativeindustriesstaredgeneratingeconomicgrowthataprogressivelyincreasingrate;atgloballevel,asstatedinthe“Creativeeconomyreport”（2013）,sucheconomygenerated“US$2.2trillionworldwidein2000andgrowingatanannualrateof5percent”.

ConcerningtheEuropeanscenario,Europehasastronginterestintheculturalandcreativeindustries,astheyareasourceof economicgrowth:

asstressedinthereportoftheEuropeanCreativeIndustriesSummit,“theculturalandcreativesectorsmakeupnearly4.5%oftheEuropeaneconomy,thankstonearly1.4millionsmallandmedium-sizedbusinessesgeneratinganddistributingcreativecontentalloverEurope.Theculturalandcreativesectorshaveshowngreatresilienceduringthecrisis

–theyactuallycontinuedtogrow–whilestimulatingcreativityandinnovationspill-oversinothersectors.About8.5millionpeopleareemployedincreativesectorsacrossEurope–andmanymoreifwetakeintoaccounttheirimpactonothersectorssuchastourismandinformationtechnology”.

Focusing,moreindetail,ontheItaliansituation,herein20142theenterprisesoftheculturalandcreativesectorsproduce78.6billionofaddedvalueandstimulatedothersectorsoftheeconomysoastogeneratethe15.6%ofthewholenationaladdedvalue,equalto227billioneuroincludingtheincomesofthatpartofthenationaleconomythatisdirectlyactivatedbyculture（e.g.tourism）.

AccordingtorecentdataoftheUnionCamere-SymbolaReport（2015）,between2012and2014despitetheglobalcrisis,companiesthathaveinvestedincreativityhaveincreasedtheirturnoverby3.2%;companiesthathaveinvestedincreativitywererewardedwitha4.3%increaseinexports.Moreover,the443,208enterprisesintheculturalproductionsystem,accountingfor7.3%ofdomesticenterprises,reaches5.4%ofthewealthproducedinItaly,equalto78.6billionofeuros.Arrivingatabout84,equivalentto5.8%ofthenationaleconomy,ifweincludepublicinstitutionsandorganizationsinthenon-profitorganizationactiveinthefieldofculture.

Particularattentionhastobepaidtothemultipliereffectsgeneratedbytheeconomyofcultureandthepositiveimpactontheemployment:

infact,theculturalandcreativeindustriesasw