级口语考试话题示例.docx

级口语考试话题示例.docx

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级口语考试话题示例

TraditionalChinesemedicineTheABCofChineseMedicineTheory

TraditionalChinesemedicineisarangeoftraditionalmedicalpracticesusedinChinathatdevelopedoverseveralthousandyears.Thesepracticesincludeherbalmedicine,acupuncture,andmassage.TCMsaysprocessesofthehumanbodyareinterrelatedandconstantlyinteractwiththeenvironment.Thereforethetheorylooksforthesignsofdisharmonyintheexternalandinternalenvironmentofapersoninordertounderstand,treatandpreventillnessanddisease.TCMtheoryisbasedonanumberofphilosophicalframeworks.Diagnosisandtreatmentareconductedwithreferencetotheseconcepts.

ThebasictheoryoftheChinesemedicineattemptstoexplainthenatureoflifecycleanddiseasechanges.Itincludesfivetheories:

YinandYang.thefive-elements.howtodirectone`sstrength.internalorgansofthebody.andchannels.Italsoresearchesdialectics.explanationswhydiseasesoccur.howtodiagnoseandpreventdiseases.aswellashowtokeepthebodyhealthy.

TheconceptofYinandYangderivedfromanancientphilosophicalconcept.Afterobservingthephenomenon.ancientpeoplegroupedallconflictingideasintoYinandYang.Theyusedthisconcepttoexplainhowthingschanged.ChinesemedicineusedYinandYangtoillustratethecomplicatedrelationshipbetweenvariousthingssuchasthedifferentpartsofthehumanbodyandlivingthingsvs.natureorsociety.ItwasbelievedthattherelativebalanceofYinandYangservedasthebasistomaintainthenormalactivitiesofthehumanbody.Ifsuchabalancewasdisturbed.diseasesoccurred.thusaffectingpeople`shealth.

Thetheoryofdirectingone`sstrengthfocusedonhowvariouscomponentssuchasastronomy.meteorologicalphenomenaandclimatewouldaffecthealth.Thistheoryconsistedoftwoparts.fivestrengthsandsixclimaticfactors.Thefivestrengths.namelythestrengthsofmetal.wood.water.fireandearth.refertothedifferentseasonsoftheyearsuchasspring.summer.longsummer.autumnandwinter.Peopleregardedwind.coldness.summer.rawness.drynessandfireasthesixelementsoftheclimate.Thistheorytriedtopredictclimaticchangeandhowdiseaseoccurredbyparametersinastronomy.

Chinawasoneoffirstcountriestohaveamedicalculture.IncomparisonwithWesternmedicine.theChinesemethodtakesafardifferentapproach.Withahistoryofyears.ithasformedadeepandimmenseknowledgeofmedicalscience.theory.diagnosticmethods.prescriptionsandcures.

ThebasicprinciplesofChinesemedicineareratherdistinctive:

Whentreatingadisease.doctorsoftraditionalChinesemedicineusuallyfindthepatient`sconditionthroughthesefourdiagnosticmethods:

observation.auscultationandolfaction.interrogation.pulse.andpalpation.Combiningthecollectedfactsandaccordingtotheirinternalrelations.doctorswillutilizethedialecticstoanalyzethesourceandvirtueofthedisease.Thenmakesurewhatprescriptionshouldbegiven.IntraditionalChinesemedicalscience.thedrugsarealsodifferentfromtheWest.becausedoctorshavediscoveredthemedicinaleffectsofthousandofherbsoveralongperiodoftime.Beforetakingthemedicine.thepatientwillhavetoboilit.Thenthereisthedistinctivemethodofpreparation.associatedwiththeacupunctureandmassage.thetreatmentwilltakeeffectmagically.

RelativeProperties-YinandYang

ThePhysiologyofChinesemedicineholdsthatthehumanbody`slifeistheresultofthebalanceofyinandyang.Yinistheinnerandnegativeprinciples.andyang.outerandpositive.Thekeyreasonwhythereissicknessisbecausethetwoaspectslosetheirharmony.Seenfromtherecoverymechanismˈmekənizəm]oforgans.yangfunctionstoprotectfromouterharm.andyinistheinnerbasetostoreandprovideenergyforitscounterpart.

BasicSubstance

DoctorsofChinesemedicinebelievethatvitalenergy-movingandenergeticparticles.stateofblood.andbodyfluidaretheessentialsubstancesthatcomposetogethertoformthehumanbody.andthebasisforinternalorganstoprocess.Theyarechanneledalonganetworkwithinthebody-JingLuoastheirchannels.Onthephysicalside.vitalenergyservingtopromoteandwarmbelongstothepropertiesofyang.andbloodandbodyfluidtomoistenpossessesthepropertiesofyin.

FourMethodsofDiagnosis

ItisawonderthatChinesedoctorscouldcurecountlesspatientswithoutanyassistantapparatusbutonlyaphysicalexamination.Thefourmethodsofdiagnosisconsistofobservation.auscultationandolfaction.interrogation.pulsetakingandpalpation.

Observationindicatesthatdoctorsdirectlywatchtheoutwardappearancetoknowapatient`scondition.Astheexteriorandinteriorcorrespondsimmediately.whentheinnerorgansrunwrongly.itwillbereflectedthroughskinpallor.tongue.thefacialsensoryorgansandsomeexcrement.

Auscultationandolfactionisawayfordoctorstocollectmessagesthroughhearingthesoundandsmellingtheodor.Thisisanotherreferencefordiagnosis.

Interrogationsuggeststhatdoctorsquestionthepatientandhisrelatives.soastoknowthesymptoms.evolutionofthediseaseandprevioustreatments.

ThetakingofthePulseandpalpationreferthatdoctorsnotingthepulseconditionofpatientsontheradialartery.andthentoknowtheinnerchangeofsymptom.Doctorsbelievethatwhentheorganicfunctionisnormal.thepulse.frequency.andintensionofpulsewillberelativelystable.andwhennot.variant.

SuchacomplicatedmedicalsciencehadcomedownthankstorecordslikeTheYellowEmperor`sCanonofInteriorMedicine.ShenNong`sCanonofHerbs.andtheCompendiumofMateriaMedica.whichareallcomprehensiveandprofoundworks.Therearealsowide-spreadstoriespraisingtheexperiencedandnotabledoctorsinancientChinalikeHuaTuointheThreeKingdomsPeriods（220-280）.Today.thoughwesternmedicinehasbeenadopted.traditionaltreatmentsarestillplayinganimportantroleandhaveraisedgreatattentionandinterestworldwideduetotheamazingcurativeeffectsreported.

TheWuXing（ortheFiveMovements,FivePhasesorFiveSteps/Stages,arechieflyanancientmnemonicdevice,inmanytraditionalChinesefields.

ItissometimestranslatedasFiveElements,buttheWuXingarechieflyanancientmnemonicdevice,hencethepreferredtranslationof"movements","phases"or"steps"over"elements".Bythesametoken,Muisthoughtofas"Tree"ratherthan"Wood".[1]

Thefiveelementsare:

Wood（Chinese:

木,pinyin:

mù）

Fire（Chinese:

火,pinyin:

huǒ）

Earth（Chinese:

土,pinyin:

tǔ）

Metal（Chinese:

金,pinyin:

jīn）

Water（Chinese:

水,pinyin:

shuǐ）

Thesystemoffivephaseswasusedfordescribinginteractionsandrelationshipsbetweenphenomena.ItwasemployedasadeviceinmanyfieldsofearlyChinesethought,includingseeminglydisparatefieldssuchasgeomancyorFengshui,astrology,traditionalChinesemedicine,music,militarystrategyandmartialarts.

Thesystemisstillusedasareferenceinsomeformsofcomplementaryandalternativemedicineandmartialarts.SomeclaimtheoriginalfoundationofthesearetheconceptoftheFiveCardinalPoints

Cycles

TheInteractionsofWuXing:

Thecreationcycle（black,pentagonshapedlines）andtheovercomingcycle（purple,starshapedlines）.

Thedoctrineoffivephasesdescribestwocycles,ageneratingorcreation（生,shēng）cycle,alsoknownas"mother-son",andanovercomingordestruction（克/剋,kè）cycle,alsoknownas"grandfather-nephew",ofinteractionsbetweenthephases.

[edit]Generating

Thecommonmemoryjogs,whichhelptoremindinwhatorderthephasesare,are:

WoodfeedsFire;

Firecreates/producesEarth（ash）;

EarthbearsMetal;

MetalcarriesWater（asinabucketortap,orwatercondensesonmetal）;

WaternourishesWood.

Othercommonwordsforthiscycleinclude"begets","engenders"and"mothers."

[edit]Overcoming

WoodpartsEarth（suchasroots）（orTreescanpreventsoilerosion）;

Earthabsorbs（ormuddies）Water（orEarthdamcontrolthewater）;

WaterquenchesFire;

FiremeltsMetal;

MetalchopsWood.

Also:

WoodabsorbsWater;

WaterrustsMetal;

MetalbreaksupEarth;

EarthsmothersFire;

FireburnsWood.

Thiscyclemightalsobecalled"controls","restrains"or"fathers".

Education

1、WheredidyougotocollegeIwenttoBeijingInstituteofEducation.

2、Didyourfamilyhaveanyinfluenceonyourchoiceofcollege

  Myparentsjustgavemeseveralsuggestions,actuallyImadethedecisionmyself.TheywereverygladtoseethatIwasconfidentenoughtomakemyowndecisionsandagreedwithwhatIdecided.

3、WhatwasyourmajorImajoredinEducationofEnglish（Ispecializedin）

4、WhatmadeyoutochooseEnglishasyourmajorDidyoufeelyoumadetherightchoice

IalwaysknewthatEnglishwaswhereIhadthemostpotential,youknowitisnotsoeasytoknowwhenapersonisjust18,butIamlucky.Iamverygladtosetupmygoalsataquiteyoungage.Itturnedouttobearightchoice.

5、Namethreepracticalskillsyoulearnedinschoolthatcouldbeusedforthecurrentjob.

Typing,photocopyingandwordediting.ThesethreeskillsareveryusefulinmyworkasanEnglishteacher.NearlyeverydayIhavetotypeandcopyalotofmaterialsforthestudents.Todoallthesebymyselfisreallyveryhelpfulformyjob.

Yes,Ididatthattime.IleanedalotincollegeandIhavealwaysbeenawareoftheimportanceandvalueofeducation.Tomyconsolation,Istartedoutinoneparticularareaandswitchedtoanotherlateron.IthasenhancedmycapabilitytobecreativeandinitiativeforIhavelearneddifferentapproachestoperforming