英文文献翻译汽车转向系统.docx
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英文文献翻译汽车转向系统
Themotorturningsystem
Alongwithautomobileelectronictechnologyswiftandviolentdevelopment,thepeoplealsodaybydayenhancetothemotorturninghandlingqualityrequest.Themotorturningsystemchanged,thehydraulicpressureboostfromthetraditionalmachinerychanges(HydraulicPowerSteering,iscalledHPS),theelectricallycontrolledhydraulicpressureboostchanges(ElectricHydraulicPowerSteering,iscalledEHPS),developstheelectricallyoperatedbooststeeringsystem(ElectricPowerSteering,iscalledEPS),finallyalsowilltransittothelinecontrolsthesteeringsystem(SteerByWire,willbecalledSBW).
Themachinerysteeringsystemisrefersbypilot'sphysicalstrengthachievementchangestheenergy,inwhichallpowertransmissionallismechanical,theautomobilechangesthemovementisoperatesthesteeringwheelbythepilot,transmitsthroughthediverterandaseriesofmemberschangesthewheeltorealize.Themechanicalsteeringsystembychangesthecontrolmechanism,thediverterandmajorpartchangesthegearing3tobecomposed.
Usuallymaydivideintoaccordingtothemechanicaldiverterform:
Thegearracktype,followsroundtheworld-like,thewormbearingadjusterhooptype,thewormbearingadjusterreferssellsthetype.Isthegearracktypeandfollowsusingthebroadesttwokindsroundtheworld-like(usesinneedingtimebigsteeringforce).Infollowsroundtheworld-likeinthediverter,theinputchangesthecircleandtheoutputsteeringarmpivotangleisproportional;Inthegearracktypediverter,theinputchangestheturnandtheoutputrackdisplacementisproportional.Followsroundtheworld-likethediverterbecauseistherollingfrictionform,thusthetransmissionefficiencyisveryhigh,theeaseofoperationalsotheservicelifearelong,moreoverbearingcapacity,thereforewidelyappliesonthetruck.Thegearracktypediverterwithfollowsroundtheworld-likecompares,themostmajorcharacteristicistherigidityisbig,thestructurecompactweightislight,alsothecostislow.Becausethiswaypassesoneasilybythewheelthereactingforcetothesteeringwheel,thereforehastothepavementbehaviorresponsekeenmerit,butsimultaneouslyalsoeasytohavephenomenaandsoongoonandoscillation,alsoitsloadbearingefficiencyrelativeweak,thereforemainlyappliesonthecompactcarandthepickuptruck,atpresentthemajorityoflowendpassengervehicleusesisthegearracktypemachinerysteeringsystem.
Alongwiththevehiclescarryingcapacityincreaseaswellasthepeopletothevehicleshandlingqualityrequestenhancement,thesimplemechanicaltypesteeringsystemwerealreadyunabletomeettheneeds,thepowersteeringsystemariseatthehistoricmoment,itcouldrotatethesteeringwheelwhilethepilottoprovidetheboost,thepowersteeringsystemdividesintothehydraulicpressuresteeringsystemandtheelectricallyoperatedsteeringsystem2kinds.Hydraulicpressuresteeringsystemisatpresentusesthemostwidespreadsteeringsystem.
Thehydraulicpressuresteeringsystemincreasedthehydraulicsysteminthemechanicalsystemfoundation,includinghydraulicpump,Vshapebandpulley,drilltubing,feedinstallment,boostinstallmentandcontrolvalve.Itwiththeaidofinthemotorcarenginepoweractuationhydraulicpump,theaircompressorandthegeneratorandsoon,bythefluidstrength,thephysicalstrengthortheelectricpowerincreasesthepilottooperatethestrengthwhichthefrontwheelchanges,enablesthepilottobepossiblenimblytooperatemotorturningfacilely,reducedthelaborintensity,enhancedthetravelsecurity.
Thehydraulicpressurebooststeeringsystemfrominventedalreadyhadabouthalfcenturyhistorytothepresent,mightsaywasonekindofmoreperfectsystem,becauseitsworkreliable,thetechnologymaturestillwidelyisapplieduntilnow.Ittakesthepowersupplybythehydraulicpump,afteroilpipe-linecontrolvalvestopowerhydrauliccylinderfeed,throughtheconnectingrodimpetusrotationgearmovement,maychangestheboostthroughthechangecylinderboreandtheflowingtubingheadpressuresizethesize,fromthisachievedchangestheboostthefunction.Thetraditionalhydraulicpressuretypepowersteeringsystemmaydivideintogenerallyaccordingtotheliquidflowform:
Ordinaryflowtypeandatmosphericpressuretype2kindoftypes,alsomaydivideintoaccordingtothecontrolvalveformtransfersthevalvetypeandtheslide-valvetype.
Alongwithhydraulicpressurepowersteeringsystemonautomobiledailypopularization,thepeopletooperateswhentheportabilityandtheroadfeelingrequestalsodaybydayenhance,howeverthehydraulicpressurepowersteeringsystemhasmanyshortcomingsactually:
①Becauseitsitselfstructurehaddecideditisunabletoguaranteevehiclesrotatesthesteeringwheelwhenanyoperatingmode,allhastheidealoperationstability,namelyisunablesimultaneouslytoguaranteetimethelowspeedchangestheportabilityandthehighspeedtimeoperationstability;②Theautomobilechangesthecharacteristictodrivethepilottechnicaltheinfluencetobeserious;③Thesteeringratioisfixed,causesthemotorturningresponsecharacteristicalongwithchangesandsoonvehiclespeed,transverseaccelerationtochange,thepilotmustaimatthemotorturningcharacteristicpeak-to-peakvalueandthephasechangeaheadoftimecarriesoncertainoperationcompensation,thuscontrolstheautomobileaccordingtoitswishtravel.Likethisincreasedpilot'soperationburden,alsocausesinthemotorturningtravelnottohavethesecurityhiddendanger;Buthereafterappearedtheelectricallycontrolledhydraulicboostersystem,itincreasesthevelocitygeneratorinthetraditionalhydraulicpressurepowersteeringsystemfoundation,enablestheautomobilealongwiththevehiclespeedchangeautomaticcontrolforcesize,hastoacertainextentrelaxedthetraditionalhydraulicpressuresteeringsystemexistencequestion.
Atpresentourcountryproducesonthecommercialvehicleandthepassengervehicleusesmostlyistheelectricallycontrolledhydraulicpressurebooststeeringsystem,itisquitematureandtheapplicationwidespreadsteeringsystem.Althoughtheelectricallycontrolledhydraulicservoalleviatedthetraditionalhydraulicpressurefromcertaindegreetochangebetweentheportabilityandtheroadfeelingcontradiction,howeveritdidnothavefundamentallytosolvetheHPSsystemexistenceinsufficiency,alongwithautomobilemicroelectronictechnologydevelopment,automobilefueloilenergyconservationrequestaswellasglobalinitiativeenvironmentalprotection,itinaspectandsoonarrangement,installment,leak-proofquality,controlsensitivity,energyconsumption,attritionandnoiseinsufficienciesalreadymoreandmoreobvious,thesteeringsystemturnedtowardstheelectricallyoperatedbooststeeringsystemdevelopment.
Theelectricallyoperatedbooststeeringsystemisthepresentmotorturningsystemdevelopmentdirection,itsprincipleofworkis:
EPSsystemECUaftercomesfromthesteeringwheeltorquesensorandthevehiclespeedsensorsignalcarriesonanalysisprocessing,controlstheelectricalmachinerytohavethesuitableboosttorque,assiststhepilottocompletechangestheoperation.Inthelastfewyears,alongwiththeelectronictechnologydevelopment,reducesEPSthecosttobecomelargescalepossibly,Japansendsthecarcompany,MitsubishiCarcompany,thisfieldcarcompany,US'sDelphiautomobilesystemcompany,TRWCorporationandGermany'sZFCorporationgreatlyalloneafteranotherdevelopsEPS.Mercedes2Benz和SiemensAutomotiveTwobigcompaniesinvested65,000,000poundstouseindevelopingEPS,thegoalaretogetherloadacarto2002,yearlyproduce300tenthousandsets,becametheglobalEPSmanufacturer.Sofar,theEPSsystemintheslightpassengervehicle,onthetheaterboxtypevehicleobtainsthewidespreadapplication,andeveryyearby300tenthousandspeeddevelopment.
Steeringisthetermappliedtothecollectionofcomponents,linkages,etc.whichallowforavessel(ship,boat)orvehicle(car)tofollowthedesiredcourse.Anexceptionisthecaseofrailtransportbywhichrailtrackscombinedtogetherwithrailroadswitchesprovidethesteeringfunction.
Themostconventionalsteeringarrangementistoturnthefrontwheelsusingahand–operatedsteeringwheelwhichispositionedinfrontofthedriver,viathesteeringcolumn,whichmaycontainuniversaljointstoallowittodeviatesomewhatfromastraightline.Otherarrangementsaresometimesfoundondifferenttypesofvehicles,forexample,atillerorrear–wheelsteering.Trackedvehiclessuchastanksusuallyemploydifferentialsteering—thatis,thetracksaremadetomoveatdifferentspeedsoreveninoppositedirectionstobringaboutachangeofcourse.
Manymoderncarsuserackandpinionsteeringmechanisms,wherethesteeringwheelturnsthepiniongear;thepinionmovestherack,whichisasortoflineargearwhichmesheswiththepinion,fromsidetoside.Thismotionappliessteeringtorquetothekingpinsofthesteeredwheelsviatierodsandashortleverarmcalledthesteeringarm.
Olderdesignsoftenusetherecirculatingballmechanism,whichisstillfoundontrucksandutilityvehicles.Thisisavariationontheolderwormandsectordesign;thesteeringcolumnturnsalargescrew(the"wormgear")whichmesheswithasectorofagear,causingittorotateaboutitsaxisasthewormgearisturned;anarmattachedtotheaxisofthesectormovesthepitmanarm,whichisconnectedtothesteeringlinkageandthussteersthewheels.Therecirculatingballversionofthisapparatusreducesthec