最新人教版英语八年级英语下册阅读理解经典.docx
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最新人教版英语八年级英语下册阅读理解经典
最新人教版英语八年级英语下册阅读理解经典
一、八年级英语下册阅读理解专项练习（含答案解析）
1．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
TheVineThatAtetheSouth
Kudzuisafast-growingvine（蔓生植物）thatcoversalargeareainthesouthernUnitedStates.Itissocommonthatonemightthinkitisanativeplant,butitisnot.KudzuwasbroughttotheUnitedStatesfromJapanin1876.ManyAmericansthoughtitwasbeautiful,andtheybegantoplantit.Theydidn'tknowitcouldgrowuptoafootadayduringthesummermonths.Nordidtheyknowitwouldgrowupandoveranythinginitspath（路径）.
InJapan,kudzuexperiencedcoldwintersandashortgrowingseason.ButintheUnitedStates,ithasaverylonggrowingseasonwithwarmandwetsouthernweather.Itisfineweatherforthevinetogrowfast.
Inthe1920s,peopleusedthevinetofeedfarmanimals.Tenyearslater,thegovernmentsupportedtoplantkudzubecauseitkeptsoil（土壤）fromwashingaway.However,bythe1950s,thegovernmentnolongerwantedpeopletoplantthevine.Twentyyearsafterthat,thegovernmentsaiditwasaharmfulplant.
Thevinegrowsuptreesandbuildings,makingsomebeautifulshapes.However,treesdieafterkudzucoversthembecausetheycannotgetenoughlight.Scientistsarelookingforwaystokillthevine.Theyusedpoisons（毒药）tokillthevine.However,someofthepoisonsmadeitgrowevenbetter.ScientistsalsofinditdifficulttodigupKudzu.Theplantisreallytough.
Becausekudzuissohardtokill,somepeoplearemakingthebestofit.Sotheytrytofinddifferentusesforthevine.Theyfindthevinecanbeusedtomakepaperandbaskets,itcanbeusedtofeedthegoats,anditcanevenbeeatenbypeople.Scientistsarestudyingitinthehopethatthevinecanbeusedasamedicine.Attheveryleast,kudzuservesasanexampleoftheunexpectedresultsthatcancomefromnon-nativeplants.
（1）Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________.
A. kudzumostlygrowsinthenorthernAmerica
B. kudzuwasbroughttoJapanfromAmerica
C. kudzugrowsveryfastinwarmandwetweather
D. Americangovernmenthasneversupportedtoplantkudzu
（2）Theunderlinedword"tough"inParagraph4probablymeans"________".
A. noteasilybroken
B. widelyused
C. hardtogrow
D. importanttoone'shealth
（3）Thelastparagraphismostlyabout________.
A. howquicklythevinegrows B. howpeopleusethevine
C. whypeoplewanttokillthevine D. whypeopleeatthevine
（4）Thewriterusesthetitle"TheVineThatAtetheSouth"mostprobablyto________.
A. letreadersknowthatkudzuisavine
B. interestreadersinahumorousway
C. tellreadersthevineisakindoffood
D. getreaderstorealizethepassageisserious
【答案】
（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：
向大家介绍了Kudzu这种蔓生植物，覆盖了美国南部的大块地区，人们使用它的过程和历史，以及它的用途。
（1）细节理解题。
根据ButintheUnitedStates,ithasaverylonggrowingseasonwithwarmandwetsouthernweather.可知在美国，野葛因为天气温暖潮湿有非常长的生长季，故选C。
（2）词义猜测题。
根据Theyusedpoisons（毒药）tokillthevine.However,someofthepoisonsmadeitgrowevenbetter.ScientistsalsofinditdifficulttodigupKudzu.Theplantisreallytough.可知科学家们利用毒药来杀死野葛，然而，一些毒药让它们长得更好。
科学家们也发现挖掘野葛也很困难，可知这种植物真的非常坚韧，很难杀死，故选A。
（3）段落大意题。
根据最后一段讲述了人们如何充分利用野葛，故选B。
（4）写作意图题。
文章主要向我们介绍了Kudzu这种蔓生植物，用吃掉南方的蔓生植物作为题目是用幽默的方式使大家对这个话题感兴趣，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解能力，首先通读全文，掌握大意，然后根据问题在原文中找到依据，细节理解题要在文章中找到原句和细节，选出正确答案；主旨大意题要掌握文章大意，了解作者的写作意图，找到关键词，推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
2．阅读理解
Isthereintelligent（有智力的）lifeonotherplanets?
Foryears,scientistssaid"no."or"wedon'tknow."Buttodaythisischanging.SethShostakandAlexandraBarnettareastronomers（天文学家）.Theybelieveintelligentlifeexists（存在）somewhereintheuniverse.Theyalsothinkwewillsooncontactthem.
WhydoShostakandBarnettthinkintelligentlifeexistsonotherplanets?
Thefirstreasonistime.Scientistsbelievetheuniverseisabout12billionyearsold."Thisislongenoughforotherplanetstohaveintelligentlife,"sayShostakandBarnett.Thesecondreasonissizetheuniverseishuge."ToolsliketheHubbleTelescope（哈勃望远镜）haveshownthatthereareatleast100billiongalaxies,"saysShostak."Andourgalaxy,theMilkyWay,hasatleast100billionstars.Someplanetsgoingaroundthesestarsmightbesimilartotheearth."
Inthepast,itwashardtolookforsignsofintelligentlifeintheuniverse.Butnow,powerfultelescopes（高倍望远镜）allowscientiststodiscoversmallerplanets-thesizeofMarsortheearth-inothersolarsystems,theseplanetsmighthaveintelligentlife.
Havebeingsfromspacealreadyvisitedtheearth?
"Probablynot,"saysShostak."It'salongwayaway.However,intelligentbeingsmaycontactusinotherway,suchasradiosignals（信号）.Infact,theymaybetryingtocommunicatewithusnow,butwedon'thavetherighttoolstoreceivetheirmessages.However,thisischanging.By2025,wecouldmakecontactwithotherlifeformsinouruniverseandwemighthelpeachother."
（1）WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?
A. Theageandsizeoftheearth.
B. SomethingabouttheMilkyWay.
C. Thereasonswhyintelligentlifemightexist.
D. Theearthistheonlyplanetwithintelligentlife.
（2）Whywasithardtolookforsignsofintelligentlifeintheuniverseinthepast?
A. Therewerenotanysmallerplanets.
B. Therewerenotanypowerfultelescopes.
C. Theastronomerswerenotinterestedinthem.
D. TheMilkyWaydidn'texistatthattime.
（3）Whyhaven'tbeingsfromspacevisitedusyetaccordingtoShostak?
A. Becausethey'reafraidofus.
B. Becauseit'slongwayaway.
C. Becausetheydon'twanttoseeus.
D. Becausetheydon'tknowhowtouseradiosignals.
（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"lifeforms"inthelastparagraphmean?
A. Messages. B. Tools. C. Radiosignals. D. Intelligentbeings.
【答案】
（1）C
（2）B
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】短文大意：
本文叙述了科学家认为其他星球也存在智能生命，因为宇宙形成的时间这么长，足够其他星球形成生命；其次宇宙这么大，周围会有跟地球相似的星球。
不久来自太空的生命有可能将会和我们联系，我们可能到2025年，也会和他们取得联系，我们可能会互相帮助。
（1）段落大意题。
根据段落主题句WhydoShostakandBarnettthinkintelligentlifeexistsonotherplanets?
可知这个段落讲的是有智慧的东西在其它星球存在的原因。
故选C。
（2）推理判断题。
根据 Inthepast,itwashardtolookforsignsofintelligentlifeintheuniverse.Butnow,powerfultelescopes（高倍望远镜）allowscientiststodiscoversmallerplanets-thesizeofMarsortheearth-inothersolarsystems,theseplanetsmighthaveintelligentlife.过去，在宇宙中很难找到智慧生活的标志，但是现在，高倍望远镜让科学家发现了更小的行星-火星的大小或地球-在其它太阳系，这些行星可能有智慧的生命。
可知过去人们很难发现智慧生命的标志是因为没有高倍望远镜。
故选B。
（3）推理判断题。
根据 Havebeingsfromspacealreadyvisitedtheearth?
"Probablynot,"saysShostak."It'salongwayaway. 可知Shostak.认为来自太空的生命可能没有来过地球，因为路途遥远。
故选B。
（4）词义猜测题。
根据However,intelligentbeingsmaycontactusinotherway,可知智能生命可能会用其他方式联系我们，故推测此处的lifeforms指的是intelligentbeings，故选D。
【点评】此题考查阅读理解。
这道题涉及段落大意，推理判断和词意猜测。
段落大意可根据段落的主题句决定。
对于推理判断题，我们要根据文章的细节内容进行推理，确定正确答案。
对于词意猜测题，我们要根据上下文的联系确定，找出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
Inmodernsocietythereisalotofdisagreementaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisgoodforsocialprogress.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad.Itsetsonepersonagainstanother.Anditleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.
Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhobelievethattheirself-worthdependedonhowwelltheydidattennisandotherskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-anddeathmatters.Intheirsingle-mindeddreamofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualities（品质）issadlyforgotten.
However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesire（渴望）tosucceed,otherstakeadifferentattitude.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinners,theyarestronglyagainstcompetition.Amongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhoareundercompetitivepressures（压力）fromtheirparentsorsociety.Theyarealwaystoldtobethetopones,buttheythinkit'sreallyhard.WhenIteachtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenfindtheminadesiretofail.Theyseemtosearchforfailure（失败）bynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse:
"Imayhavelost,butitdoesn'tmatterbecauseIreallydidn'ttry.IfIhadtriedandlost,thatwouldmeanalot."
Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbelief.Theythinkone'sself-respectdependsonhowwellonedoescomparedwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisfearbeginstodissolve（消除）canwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition,
（1）Whydosomepeoplewelcomecompetitionaccordingtothepassag?
A. Itpushessocietyforward.
B. Itimprovesone'sabilities.
C. Itdevelopshumanqualities.
D. Itbuildsupfriendlyrelationship.
（2）Theunderlinedphrase"themostvocal"inParagraph3means .
A. thosewhotrytheirbesttowin
B. thosewhovaluecompetitionmosthighly
C. thosewhodependonothersmostforsuccess
D. thosewhoareagainstcompetitionmoststrongly
（3）Whichofthefollowingmaythewriteragreeto?
A. Everyeffortshouldbepaidback.
B. Competitionshouldbeencouraged.
C. Winningshouldbealife-and-deathmatter.
D. Fearoffailureshouldbetakenawayincompetition.
（4）Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?
A. Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.
B. Competitionisbadforsocialdevelopment.
C. Ideasaboutcompetitionaredifferentamongpeople.
D. Failuresarenecessaryexperiencesincompetition.
【答案】
（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】短文大意：
人们对比赛的态度不一，很多孩子过于重视成功与失败，以至于失去了其他人格品质，一些人抵触比赛，每次比赛失败后，总是找出一个借口，作者呼吁应该消除害怕失败的情绪。
（1）细节题。
根据文章提到的Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisgoodforsocialprogress可知，比赛促进社会进步，故选A。
（2）推断题。
根据文章提到的Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinners,theyarestrongl
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