The Character Analysis of Uncle Toms cabin 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的人物分析.docx

The Character Analysis of Uncle Toms cabin 《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的人物分析.docx

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TheCharacterAnalysisofUncleTomscabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的人物分析

TheCharacterAnalysisofUncleTom’scabin

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的人物分析

Contents

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………….1

KeyWords……………………………………………………………………………1

.Themotivationandsignificanceofchoosingthistitle………………..………….....2

Ⅱ.Thefamilybackgroundtheauthoress…………………………………………..…3

Ⅲ.BackgroundonUncleTom'sCabin…………………………………………….….5

Ⅳ.ShortSummaryofUncleTom'sCabin……………………………………………6

Ⅴ.Thecharacteranalysis……………………………………………………………..8

.Tom……………………………………………………………………………….…8

ii.LittleEva……………………………………………………………………………8

iii.Sambo&Qimbo………………………………………………………………..….9

iv.Eliza…………………………………………………………………………….…9

Ⅵ.TheBiblegivesagreatinfluenceuponthecharacter……………………………10

Ⅶ.SomethingaboutMrs.Stowe’sSolutiontoSlavery…………………………..….12

Ⅷ.Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..14

Reference……………………………………………………………………..………15

摘要：

本文作者从圣经原型的角度出发，试图分析《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的一系列人物形象，比如汤姆叔叔、小伊娃、萨姆波和昆波以及几位虔诚的理想基督教徒母亲，重点分析了本文的主人公汤姆对黑人，白人及对生死的态度。

认为汤姆与圣经中的耶稣有着极其相似的经历，从而进一步揭示这部小说中的宗教理念。

反对奴隶制精神与基督教精神和谐地并存在这本著作中，已经有许多文章对此著作中所体现的废奴精神以及男女平等主义作过评论。

因此，这篇论文主要是针对此著作中所体现的基督教精神作一探讨。

并且，本文探讨了斯托夫人解决奴隶制的办法，认为用宗教感化的方式不可能解决奴隶制。

本文作者希望这篇论文对读者能从新的角度来欣赏这本经典著作有所帮助。

关键词：

圣经原型人物形象基督教理念

Abstract:

Theauthorofthisthesisattemptstoanalyzevariouscharacters,suchasUncleTom,littleEva,SamboandQimboandsomepious,idealChristianinUncleTom’sCabinintermsofBiblicalarchetype.TheanalysisemphasizesonTom’sattitudestowardBlacks,Whitesandhisattitudetowardsdeath.ItrytorevealtheChristianityinthisnovel.TheprotagonistofthenovelTomsharesasimilarexperienceandtemperamentwithJesusChrist.Anti-slaveryspiritandthespiritofChristianityco-existquiteharmoniouslyinUncleTom’sCabin.Manyarticleshavebeenwrittentodiscusstheanti-slaveryspiritorfeminisminit.However,thisthesiswillmainlyfocusonChristianityinUncleTom’sCabin.ThisthesisalsoprobesintoMrs.Stowe’ssolutiontotheinstitutionofslavery.Ifoundthatthesolutiontoslaveryshouldn’tdependonthewayofmovingtheWhitebyreligionbelief.Ihopethisthesiswillbeofanyhelptoreaderstoappreciatethisclassicnovelinanewway.

KeyWords:

Biblicalarchetype,character,Christianity

TheCharacterAnalysisofUncleTom’scabin

.Themotivationandsignificanceofchoosingthistitle

It’scommonlyagreedthatUncleTom’sCabinisananti-slaverynovel.Yet,anti-slaveryspiritisnotcontradictoryorincompatiblewithspiritofChristianity.Infact,theyco-existquiteharmoniouslyinUncleTom’sCabin.Feminismisalsoquiteevidentinthisbook.Manyarticleshavebeenwrittentodiscusstheanti-slaveryspiritorfeminisminit.However,thisthesiswillmainlyfocusonChristianityinUncleTom’sCabin.Inthisthesis,Iattempttoanalyzevariouscharacters,suchasUncleTom,littleEva,andsomepious,idealChristianbelievers.ItrytorevealtheChristianityinthisnovel,andtoprobeintoMrs.Stowe’ssolutiontotheinstitutionofslavery.IhopethisthesiswillbeofanyhelptoChinesereaderstoappreciatethisclassicnovelinanewway.

Ifoundthisbookveryhardtostartwith.IthinkthereasonforthiswaspossiblythatHarrietBeecherStoweusesalotofreferencestotheBibleanddoesseemtopreachalot.Ifoundthesermonsabitoff-putting,andIoftenneededabreakfromthebook.ThereisnootherstorylinetoproviderelieffromthesubjectsofracismandChristianity,soitmadethebookquitehardgoing.In1852,whenthisnovelwasfirstpublished,IcanimaginethatitwouldhavehadahugeimpactonChristianAmericansandspreadtheabolitionistmessagefararoundthecountry,butformyreadingitnow,Ifoundithardertoimaginesocietyattitudeatthattime.Itisalsohardtoimaginethereactionsthebookwouldhaveprovokedin1852,asthereisnoblackslaverytoday.However,IstillfeelthebookhasrelevancetoracismandChristianattitudestoday.IthinkitmighthavehelpedifIhadspentsometimereadingabouttheeventsaround1852inAmericatounderstandthebackgroundofthenovelmore.ItisapowerfulbookanditwaswrittentobecontroversialandmotivateAmericatoabolishslavery.Todothisitfollowsthelivesofseveralblackslavesthroughoutthenovel.Manyincidentsinthenovelwerebasedonrealobservation.Ithinkitisasuccessfulbookasitopenedmyeyestoseehowcruelslaveryreallywas.Iwasamazedatthedifferenceinattitudesoftheslaveownerstowardstheirslavesinthenovel-AugustineStClarebeingsoindulgentofhisslavesandthecontrastofSimonLegreetreatingthemlikedogs,andrefusingtobelievetheywerehuman.HarrietBeecherStoweusesChristianideasofheavenandsoulstopersuadeherreadersthattheblackslaveswereindeedpeople.ShealsousesthereligiouscharacterofUncleTomtoinferthatmanyNegroesweremorereligiousthantheirmasters（afactorthatmusthavebeenveryimportantatthetimethebookwaswritten）.StowealsousesconversationsbetweencharacterstoexploreChristianattitudestowardsslavery-howpartsofthebiblecanbemisusedtosupportslaverywhenthewholeofthebiblecouldnotpossiblybeseentosupportthetrade.Shealsoexploresattitudestowardstheeducationofslavesandpeople’sopinionsonthewaytheyshouldbetreated.

Itiswellknownthatwesternliteratureisbasedontwopillars--theGreekcultureandtheHebrewculture.IntheHebrewculture,thereisabook,namely,theBiblethataccumulatesitsrichculturalheritage.Mostwesternauthorsareinfluencedbythosetwoliteraryoriginsconsciouslyorunconsciously.They,withoutdoubt,alsoinfluencedHarrietBeecherStowe（1811-1896）,anineteenthcenturyAmericanfemalewriter.Yet,withherstrongreligiousbackground,shetendedtobeinfluenceddeeperbythelatterthanbytheformer.Bornintoafamilyofreligion,Harriet’sfather,LymanBeecherwasoneofAmerica’smostcelebratedclergymenandtheprincipalspokesmanforCalvinisminthenineteenthcentury;hermother,wasawomanofprayerwhodiedwhenHarrietwasfouryearsold;herbrother,HenryWardBeecher,wasthebestknownpulpitoratorofhistimes.In1836,shewasmarriedtoCalvinStowe,aBiblicalscholar.Inaword,HarrietBeecherStowewasbred,andlivedallherlifeattheatmosphereofChristianitythatinevitablyinfluencedhermasterpieceUncleTom’sCabin.

Infact,allthecharactersinUncleTom’sCabincanbeputintofourcategories:

perfectChristians,imperfectChristians,half-Christiansandnon-Christians.TomandEvaarethoserarerealChristiansorperfectChristianswhoreallyliveuptotheprinciplesoftheBible.ImperfectChristiansincludethoselikeMrs.ShelbyandMissOpheliaetc.TheybelieveGod,buttheirselfishnessorhypocrisypreventsthemfrombeinggoodChristians.Forexample,Mrs.Shelbyrationalizesheractionsby‘gild（ing）itover’with‘kindnessandcare’（P.33）.Sheisangryaboutherhusband’ssaleofTomandHarrisbecauseshedoesn’tknowhowshecaneverholdupherheadagainamongthem（P.32）.MissOphelia,thoughhasmissionaryzeal,daresnottobetoughtoTopsy,theslavegirlsheisreformingforshestillhasthesenseofwhitesuperiorityatthebottomofherheart.Therearealsosomehalf-Christiansorgoing-to-beChristians,suchasSt.ClareandGeorgeHarris.St.Clareisalwaysskepticaltowardsreligionanddoesn’tbelieveGoduntilhisdaughtersandhisowndeaths.Harrisisanotherexample.Heisrebelliousatfirst,butwhenhisfamilyreunioncomestoareality,hebecomesmorecontentandcomesnearertoGod.WhileSimonLegreeisatypicalexampleofnon-Christianwhosetoughnaturerefusetobetouchedbyanygoodword.Hedoesn’trepentevenathislastminute.Thiskindofcategorizingmightbeoversimplifying.Yet,thisisapatternthatIfoundinUncleTom’sCabin.Sointhissense,UncleTom’sCabinisabooksoakedwithspiritofChristianity.

.Thefamilybackgroundoftheauthoress

HarrietBeecherStowewasborninLitchfield,Connecticutandbroughtupwithpuritanicalstrictness.Shehadonesisterandsixbrothers.Herfather,LymanBeecher,wasacontroversialCalvinistpreacher.WhenStowewasfour,heraunt,HarrietFoote,deeplyinfluencedStowe'sthinking,especiallywithherstrongbeliefinculture.SamuelFoote,heruncle,encouragedhertoreadworksofLordByronandSirWalterScott.WhenStowewaselevenyearsold,sheenteredtheseminaryatHartford,Connecticut,keptbyhereldersister,Catherine.Theschoolhadadvancedcurriculumandshelearnedlanguages,naturalandmechanicalscience,composition,ethics,logic,mathematics:

subjectsthatweregenerallytaughttomalestudents.Fouryearslatershewasemployedasanassistantteacher.HerfathermarriedagainandbecamethepresidentofLaneTheologicalSeminary.CatherineandHarrietfoundedanewseminary,theWesternFemaleInstitute.Withhersister,Stowewroteachildren'sgeographybook.In1834StowebeganherliterarycareerwhenshewonaprizecontestoftheWesternMonthlyMagazine,andsoonStowewasaregularcontributorofstoriesandessays.Herfirstbook,TheMayflower,firstappearedin1843.

In1836StowemarriedCalvinEllisStowe,aprofessoratherfather'stheologicalseminary.Hewasawidower;hislatewifehadbeenStowe'sfriend.Theearlyyearsoftheirmarriageweremarkedbypoverty.OverthenextfourteenyearsStowehadsevenchildren.In1850CalvinStowewasofferedaprofessorshipatBowdoin,andthefamilymovedtoBrunswick,Maine.InCincinnatiStowehadcomeincontactwithfugitiveslaves.ShelearnedaboutlifeintheSouthfromherownvisitsthereandsawhowcruelslaverywas.Inaddition,theFugitiveSlaveLaw,passedbyCongress