group6 第三次英语.docx

group6 第三次英语.docx

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group6第三次英语

Group6

I.Paraphrasethefollowingsentences.

1.Eachmanseeshimselfasunique,andsofarasheisconcerned,thehuboftheuniverse,differentfromanyotherindividual.（para.3）

Eachmanconcernedthatheisthehuboftheuniverseanddifferentwithothers,heisunique.

2.Notwopeoplewilleverdrawthesameconclusionsfromthesameexperiences,buteachmustinterpreteventsandfitthemintothemosaicofhisownlife’spattern.Eachholdstothestructureofthemoldintowhichthesoulwascastatthetimeofitsindividualization.Humannatureisevertruetoitself,nottosystemsoffaithoreducation.（paragraph4）

Therewillneverbethesameconclusionforthesameexperiencefromtwopeople,butthiswillbecomethewealthoftheirlife.Humannatureisbuiltatthetimeofit’sborn.Thefaithoreducationsystemscouldn’tinfluencehumannature,itisonlyduetoitself.

3.Theouterman,too,wasoriginallyperfect,butmanhassodesecratedandabuseditthattodayitisfarcryfromtheoriginalmodel.（para.7）

Duetothemandesecratedandabusedtheouterman,itisfarawayfromtheoriginallyperfectmodel.

4.Man’smajestyandnobilityaretakenforgranted,althoughhisfaultsandweaknessesareconstantlyparadedbeforeoureyes.（para.8）

Itistakenforgrantedthatman’smajestyandnobility,despitehisfaultsandweaknessesareperformingbeforeoureyesconstantly.

5.Man’sinherentgoodness,moreover,isrevealedbyhiscountlessactsofheroism,unselfishnessandsacrifice.

Throughtheheroic,unselfishandsacrificialactsreflectman’sinherentgoodness.

6.Humannatureisevertruetoitself,nottosystemsoffaithoreducation.（Para.4）

Thefaithoreducationsystemscouldn’tinfluencehumannature,itisonlyduetoitself.

II.Translatethefollowingsentences.

1.Itisthatindestructiblematrixuponwhichthecharacterisbuilt,andwhoseshapeitmusttakeandkeepthroughoutlife.（para.1）

性格是建立在一种不可摧毁的基质之上的，它必须以这种机制的形态存在并且会伴随人的一生。

2.Notwopeoplewilleverdrawthesameconclusionsfromthesameexperiences,buteachmustinterpreteventsandfitthemintothemosaicofhisownlife’spattern.（Para.4）

对于相同的经历任何两个人都不会有相同的结论，但每一人必须反思这件事并将它与自己的生活模式结合到一起。

3.Eachholdstothestructureofthemoldintowhichthesoulwascastatthetimeofitsindividualization.（Para.4）

一个人的性格和灵魂在个体形成的时候已经成立。

4.Peopleknowfromexperiencethatanindividualwhoinoneyeardisplaysknavishcharacteristicsseldominthenextbecomesanydifferent.Nordoesathiefbecomeatrustworthyemployee,oramiseraphilanthropist.Nordoesamanchangeandbecomealiar,cowardortraitoratfiftyorsixty;ifheisonethen,hehasbeenoneeversincehischaracterwasformed.（Para.5）

人们凭经验得知一个在某年中表现出无赖的性格很少会在下一年表现的不同。

一个小偷不可能成为一名值得信赖的员工，守财奴也不会变成慈善家。

一个人不会在五六十岁时变成一个骗子，懦夫或者是叛徒，如果他那时候是，说明他在性格形成时已经是了。

5.Thespiritisperfect,butwhenitinhabitshumanstructures,itparticipatesintheimperfectionsofthelatter;andduringitsassociationwithmattertakesonthemortalweaknesses,desiresandlimitations.（Para.7）

精神是完美的，但是当它占据人的身体结构后，它就会参与其中，表现出人的不完美。

当它与事态联系到一起时，就会表现普通人的弱点，欲望和局限。

6.Theouterman,too,wasoriginallyperfect,butmanhassodesecratedandabuseditthattodayitisafarcryfromtheoriginalmodel.

外在的人原本也是完美的，但是由于人的亵渎和滥用，现在它已经与原来的样子大不相同。

III.Whatare“figuresofspeech”?

Howmany“figuresofspeech”arethereinEnglish?

Pleasefindsomeexamplestoillustratethemandtrytofindsomeexamplesfromthetext“ONHUMANNATURE”

Themerhetoricreferstosituationsbasedonproperselectionoflanguageandexpressionmeanstoeffectivelyexpressfriendship.Thepurposeistomaketheworkmorerhetoricvividandfascinating.Rhetoriccanhelpenrichourownexpressioninwriting.

1、Simile

Simileisbasedontwothingsandphenomenawiththesamecharacteristicswerecompared,itshowssimilerelationshipbetweenthetenorandthevehiclebody.Simileusedtorepresentwordshavelike,as,asif,asthoughandsoon.

Eg:

Learningislikerowingupstream;nottoadvanceistodropback.

2、Metaphor

Metaphorisametaphor,butitisnotametaphorword.Itisbasedonsomecommonfeaturesbetweenthetwothings,withahintofthingstootherthingsinparablesway.

Eg:

Andyet,whilemostofusareonlytooreadytoapplytoothersthecoldwindofcriticism,wearesomehowreluctanttogiveourfellowsthewarmsunshineofpraise.

3、Metonymy

Metaphorisnotdirectlysayhavetosaythings,andthingsassociatedwiththenameofanotherwithit.

Eg:

Lendmeyourears,please.

4、Synecdoche

Synecdocheisuseinsteadofthewholesection,orthewholeinsteadofpart,orspecialinsteadofgeneral.

Eg:

HeistheNewtonofthiscentury.

5、Synesthesia

Synesthesiaisavisual,hearing,touchandothersensorydirectdescriptionofthings.Itistocommunicatewithadifferentfeeling,feelingshiftcausedbyLenovotofeelwritingfeeling.

Eg:

TastethemusicofMozart.

6、Personification

Personificationisthelifegivinginanimatethings.

Eg:

Thenightgentlylaysherhandatourfeveredheads.

7、Hyperbole

Exaggerationisanexaggerationtosayexpresspurposetoemphasizethatitcanstrengthenthelanguagepotential,increasetheexpressioneffect.

Eg:

Loveyou.Youarethewholeworldtome,andthemoonandthestarts.

8、Parallelism

Parallelismissubstantiallythesameasorsimilartothestructureoftwoormore,whichmeansrelevant,consistentclustersarrangedinaphraseorsentencetoformawhole.

FromtheONHUMANNATURE:

1、Nordoseathiefbecomeatrustworthyemployeeoramiseraphilanthropist.Nordoseamanchangeandbecomealiarcowardortraitoratfiftyorsixty;ifheisonethen,hehasbeenoneeversincehischaracterwasformed.（parallelism）

2、Bigcriminalsarefirstlittlecriminals,justasgiantoaksarefirstlittleacorns.（simile）

Oneplungesintothesurfandrescuesaswimmerfromdrowning;anotherdashesintoaburninghouseandcarriesastrangerorsafety;otherssnatchachildfromthewheelsofdeath;manygivetheirbloodsothatothersmaylive.（parallelism）

IV.Humannaturecanbechanged.Givethreepointstosupportthisthesisstatementandforeachpoint,giveevidencestosupport.Trytomakeita5-paragraphessay.

Humannatureistheoriginateofcharacter,temperament,morality.Thehumannaturecouldbereflectedineverythingtheydo.Althoughthehumannaturerelatewiththehumanintrinsicquality,butIthinkitcanbechanged.Thereasonsareasfollows.

AstheMengzisaid,Menattheirbirtharegoodinnature.Butsometimethehumannaturewouldbechangedcausebythefamily.Isupporteverybodyisgoodnesswhentheywerechild.Butthechildwholiveinaincompetentsfamily,likeviolencefamilies,divorcefamilies.Thatwillleavetheshadowintheheartofchild.Thehumannaturewouldbecomeinnerdistortion.Theyalwaysbecomeviolence,cruel,andmostrobber,murdererfromthem.

Thehumannaturecouldbechangedbythefriendswhoyougetalongwith.Astheoldgoingsaid,Ifyoulivewithalamepersonyouwilllearntolimp.Almostpersoncouldbeinfluencedbyfriends.Ifyouhaveagoodnessfriends,yourheartwillalsobegoodnessandgentleness.

Theenvironmentalsocouldchangethehumannature.Agoodnessandpurepersonwhoworkorstudyinafiercecompetitionenvironment.Theenvironmentisfulloftight,fameandwealth,intrigue,andjealous.Alongstayatthisenvironmentlongtime.Thepeoplewouldalsobecomecalculating,moreexperiencedandintrigued.

Aboveall,asfarasmyconcerned,thehumancouldbechanged.Mostreasonlikefamilies,friends,andenvironmentcouldchangethehumannature.Humannatureissofragile,weshouldstaywithgoodness.

V.Humannaturecannotbechanged.Givethreepointstosupportthisthesisstatementandforeachpoint,giveevidencestosupport.Trytomakeita5-paragraphessay.

Astheproverbsays,“afoxmaygrowgray,butnevergood”.SoIamstronglyconvincedthathumannaturecannotbechanged.

Firstly,humannatureisassociatedwithgeneticandparents.Ournatureareaffectedbyparentssincethechildhood,itishardtochange.Moreimportant,humannatureisrelatedtogenetic,thegenecannotbechanged,thesametohumannature.

Secondly,wateristheessenceofwater,iceisalsotheessenceofwater.Althoughunderdifferentexternalfactors,theformsofwaterhaschanged,theessenceisofthesame.

Thirdly,inthecomplexenvironment,peoplehidetheirnatureeveryday,soweonlyadjustourbehaviorbutnotournature.Sohumannatureishided,cannotbechanged.

Inmyopinion,humannaturecannotbechanged.

VI.Whatareorganizationalpatterns?

Howmanykindsoforganizationalpatterns?

Pleasefindexamplestoillustratethemandtrytofindsomeexamplesfromthetext“ONHUMANNATURE”.

ChronologicalPatterns

Achronologicalpatternoforganizationarrangesinformationaccordingtoaprogressionoftime,eitherforwardorbackward.Whenatopicisbestunderstoodintermsofdifferentsegmentsoftime,achronologicalformatworkswell.Forexample,topicsofanhistoricalnaturearebestorganizedusingthispattern.

ChronologicalPatternExample

I.1895-1920

SignificantEvent#1

SignificantEvent#2

II.1920-1945

SignificantEvent#1

SignificantEvent#2

III.1945-1970

SignificantEvent#1

SignificantEvent#2

IV.1970-1995

SignificantEvent#1

SignificantEvent#2

SequentialPatterns

Asequentialpatternoforganizationissimilartoachronologicalpattern,butarrangesinformationaccordingtoastep-by-stepsequencethatdescribesaparticularprocess.Usingasequentialpattern,eachmainsectionofinformationr