高二学生学习计划化学Senior students study plan chemistry 02 18.docx

高二学生学习计划化学Senior students study plan chemistry 02 18.docx

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高二学生学习计划化学Seniorstudentsstudyplanchemistry0218

高二学生学习计划化学02月18日（Seniorstudentsstudyplanchemistry0218）

TheZhangBeistudyprogramissharedeveryday

InreactionwithO2,asmallamountcanreactwithN2toincreasetheweightlessthancombustioninO2.

4.sodiumperoxidehasstrongoxidation,withcharcoal,aluminumandotherreducingsubstanceswhenburning.Thefollowingstatementisincorrect

WhenA.Na2O2isreactedwithCO2,Na2O2isanoxidantandCO2isareducingagent

TheuseofquartzcruciblecannotmeltwhenthesodiumperoxideB.

TheC.ofsodiumperoxidewithcharcoal,Alreaction,sodiumperoxideshowedstrongoxidation

D.sodiumperoxidereactionwithsulfurdioxidecanproducesodiumsulfate

AnswerA

AnalysisofNa2O2andH2O,CO2reaction,isthedisproportionationofNa2O2itself,sotheAerror;maincomponentofquartzisSiO2,whileNa2O2canreactwithSiO2togenerateNa2SiO3,soitcannotbeusedwhenmeltingNa2O2quartzcrucible,Bcorrect;Na2O2hasstrongoxidation,whileC,AlandSO2isreducing,soNa2O2canbearedoxreactionwithC,Al,SO2,CcanbeoxidizedtoCO2,oxidationofAlintoAl2O3,theoxidationofSO2intoNa2SO4,soCandDarecorrect.

5.thefollowingstatementsaboutthenatureofNa2CO3andNaHCO3arewrong（）

A.thermalstability:

NaHCO3

TheintensityofB.reactionwiththesameconcentrationofhydrochloricacid:

NaHCO3

SolubilityofC.inwateratthesametemperature:

NaHCO3

TheconcentrationofD.andothersubstances;thepH:

NaHCO3ofthesolutionis

AnswerB

Theintensityofthereactionwiththesameconcentrationofhydrochloricacidwasanalyzed:

Na2CO3

6.thefollowingchemicalexperimentfactsandtheirexplanationsareincorrect

A.dropsNaHCO3solutionwithphenolphthaleinispalered,redhotafterdeepen,becausetheNaHCO3decompositionofNa2CO3

B.sodiumisstoredinkerosenebecausekerosenedoesnotreactwithsodium.Sodiumismoredensethankerosene.Kerosenecaninsulatesodiumfromairandwatervapor

C.blowingcleancottonwithNa2O2absorbentcottonwithacleanglasstube,burningtheabsorbentcotton,indicatingthatthereactionofCO2,H2OandNa2O2isexothermic

TheproductofD.sodiumexposureintheairforalongtimeisNa2CO3,becausetheNa2Oproducedbysodiumandoxygenreactswithwaterandcarbondioxide

AnswerA

TheAtermisanalyzed.ThehydrolysisdegreeofNaHCO3solutionisincreased,thehydrolysisdegreeofHCOisincreased,andthesolutionbasicityisincreased.

7.,inordertomakeastronautsinthespacecrafttogetastable,goodlivingenvironment,usuallyinthespacecraftinstalledwithNa2O2orK2O2particlesofthedevice,itspurposeistoproduceoxygen.ThefollowingstatementaboutNa2O2iscorrect（）

ThenumberofA.Na2O2anionsandcationsintheratioof1:

1

WhenB.Na2O2producesthesameamountofO2withwaterandCO2,itrequiresequalmassofwaterandCO2

WhenC.Na2O2producesthesameamountofO2withwaterandCO2,theamountofelectronstransferredisequal

ThebleachingprincipleofD.Na2O2isthesameasthatofSO2

AnswerC

ElectronicanalysisofNa2O2+Na[]2-Na+,theYinandthenumberofcationsis1:

2,Aerror;waterandcarbondioxidematerialconsumptiongeneratesthesameamountofO2whentheamountofthesame,butthequalityisdifferent,Bwrongbytheprosandconsofelectronicconservationknowledge;thetwoelectrontransferamountofsubstance,Ccorrect;Na2O2hasstrongoxidizingandbleaching,SO2easyandcoloredsubstancescombinetoformcolorlessunstablesubstances,sothetwoprincipleisdifferent,Derror.

8.alkalimetal（Fr）franciumradioactive,itisoneofthemostimportantelementsofthealkalimetalelements,predictitspropertiesaccordingtoregularitypropertiesofalkalimetalelements,whichisnottrue（）

A.inthealkalimetalelement,ithasthebiggestatomicradius

B.Fangintheairinthecombustion,onlygeneratechemicalformulaFr2Ooxide

C.thechemicalformulaofitshydroxideisFrOH,whichisastrongbase

D.

Itreactswithwatertoproducethebaseandhydrogen,whichexplodesasaresultofintensereactions

AnswerB

Accordingtotheanalysisofregularitypropertiesofmaingroupelements,fromlithiummetaltometalfranciumwithincreasingatomicnumber,atomicradiusincreasesgradually,themetallicelementsgraduallyincreased,thehighestpriceofthecorrespondingalkalineoxidehydrategraduallyincreased,andtheintensityofreactionwatergraduallyincreased,andoxygenreactionproductsarebecomingmoreandmorecomplex,canproduceperoxides,superoxideandozonideetc..

9.thereare3smallsodaquality,firsthydrochloricaciddirectlyandexactlythereaction;secondfirstheatingpartsofthedecomposition,withexactlythirdhydrochloricacidreaction;thefirstheating,sothatitiscompletelydecomposed,thenexactlythereactionwithhydrochloricacid.Iftheamountofhydrochloricacidisthesameamount,thevolumeofhydrochloricacidconsumptionisV1,V2andV3respectively,thenthesizeofV1,V2andV3iscorrect

A.V1>V2>V3B.V1>V3>V2

C.V2>V3>V1D.V1=V2=V3

AnswerD

Asmallsodaanalysisof3equalmass,eitherdirectlyreactswithhydrochloricacid,orpartiallydecomposedorcompletelydecomposedwithhydrochloricacidreactionwasNaClsolution,whichClfromNa+fromhydrochloricacid,NaHCO3,3hydrochloricacidconsumptionvolumeofthesame.

10.（2011Beijingsciencecomprehensive,11）thefollowingexperiment,Na2CO3cannotdeterminethemassfractionofNa2CO3andNaHCO3inthemixtureis（）

A.takeagramsofmixture,fullheating,weightlossBgrams

B.takeagramsofmixtureandsufficienthydrochloricacidsufficientreaction,heating,steaming,dryingandburning,getBgramsofsolid

C.takeagramsofmixturewithsufficientdilutesulfuricacidfullyreacted,escapinggasabsorbedbyalkalilime,weightgainBgrams

D.takeagramsofmixturewithsufficientBa（OH）2solutiontofullyreact,filter,washanddry,getBgramsofsolid

AnswerC

Analysis:

takeagramsmixturewellheating,weightBgrams,accordingtothedifferentmethodtocalculatethequalityofNaHCO3,tocalculatethemassfractionofNa2CO3,soAiscorrect;takeagramsmixturewithsufficientdilutehydrochloricacidsufficientreaction,heating,evaporation,ignition,Bgramsofsolidsodiumchloride,equationscanbelistedforB,right;C,takeagramsmixturewithsufficientsulfuricacidreacting,gaswithsodalimeabsorption,weightofBgrams,thegascontainingH2O,soitcannotbesolved;becausethetwocanDandBa（OH）2solutionreactionofBaCO3byprecipitationtransformationtherelationshipbetweenNa2CO3,BaCO3,NaHCO3,BaCO3,columnequationscanbeobtainedbymassfractioninthemixtureofNa2CO3,D.

11.A,BandCarethreecommoncompoundsconsistingofshortcycleelementsintheperiodictable.A,B,Carethreesimpleelements,andtherelationshipsbetweentheseelementsandcompoundsareasfollows:

（1）A,B,chemicalformulaCwere________,______,______.

（2）acompoundwithelementalionicequationforthereactionofB__________.

（3）inA,B,Cthreekindsofcompounds,mustcontainelementsthatare________（representedbysymbols）.

Answer

（1）Na2O2,H2O,NaOH

（2）2Na2H2O===2Na2OHH2hav'e

（3）O

TheanalyticalandBreactionisasubstitutionreactionoffourbasictypesofchemicalreactions,aandBisthechemicalreactionofpropyleneandethylene,reactioniscombinedonthebasisofthethreereactionthatisametal,accordingtothetransformationdiagram,launchedaNa,BH2O,CNaOH,ANa2O2.

12.sodiumburnintheair（asshownontheleft）intheproductionofsolidmaterialinadditiontoapaleyellowpowder,andsolidmaterial--carbonblack.

（1）pleaseassumethatthepossiblecauseoftheformationofblacksolidmatteris

The_________________________________________________________________hypothesis;

The_________________________________________________________________hypothesis;

The_________________________________________________________________hypothesis.

（2）toconfirmthehypothesisiswrong,somestudentsconcludethatduetothecombinationofabilityofmetallicsodiumandoxygenthancarbonblackcarbonmaybesostrong,carbondioxideandsodiumreplacementreactiongenerated.Thestudentdesignsexperimentsasfollows:

Drillaholepuncherwithmetalsodium,takethemiddlepieceofsodiumonfullofcarbondioxidegastube（asshownontheright）intheheating,observedsodiumburningayellowflameandlightyellowsolidandsolidblackgeneration,generationoflightyellowsolidimmediatelybecomewhite.Pleaseanswerthefollowingquestions:

Thereasonforthepunchfromsodiummetalis______________________________________________;

Thechemicalreactiongeneratedabovephenomenonmaybe___________________________________.

Answer:

（1）thereisnosodiummetalcleankerosene,incompletecombustionofthecarbongeneratedbytheincompletecombustionofalcoholcombustiongeneratedcarbondioxideandalcohol（orcarbondioxideintheair）withsodiummetalreactionofcarbon

（2）theobtainedpuresodium2Na（CO2litlight（orpure）CNa2O2,2Na2O22CO2===2Na2CO3O2Na2O22Na===2Na2O）

Analysis

（1）accordingtothereactionconditionsandreactionenvironment,wecanseethattheblacksubstancecanonlybecarbon.Thereasonfortheformationofcarbonelementsmaybeincompletecombustionofcarboncontainingmaterial,orasubstitutionreactionbetweenCO2andNaintheair.

（2）inordertoprovethattheblackcarbonelementisproducedbythereplacementreactionofCO2withsodium,itisnecessarytoexcludetheincompletecombustionofthecarbonaceousmaterial,sothemetalsod