新课标高考届高三英语总复习 课时作业38 含答案.docx
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新课标高考届高三英语总复习课时作业38含答案
课时作业38
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017·河北省冀州中学高三年级考试)
Almosteverymachinewithmovingpartshaswheels,yetnooneknowsexactlywhenthefirstwheelwasinventedorwhatitwasusedfor.Wedoknow,however,thattheyexistedover5,500yearsagoinancientAsia.
Theoldestknowntransportwheelwasdiscoveredin2002inSlovenia.Itisover5,100yearsold.Evidencesuggeststhatwheelsfortransportdidn'tbecomepopularforawhile,though.Thiscouldbebecauseanimalsdidaperfectlygoodjobofcarryingfarmingtoolsandhumansaround.
Butitcouldalsobebecauseofadifficultsituation.Whilewheelsneedtorollonsmoothsurfaces,roadswithsmoothsurfacesweren'tgoingtobeconstructeduntiltherewasplentyofdemandforthem.Eventually,roadsurfacesdidbecomesmoother,butthisdifficultsituationappearedagainafewcenturieslater.Therehadbeennoimportantchangesinwheelandvehicledesignbeforethearrivalofmodernroaddesign.
Inthemid1700s,aFrenchmancameupwithanewdesignofroad—abaselayer(层)oflargestonescoveredwithathinlayerofsmallerstones.AScotsmanimprovedonthisdesigninthe1820sandastrong,lastingroadsurfacebecameareality.Ataroundthesamelime,metalhubs(thecentralpartofawheel)cameintobeing,followedbythewheelsthatwereinventedin1967,sixtyyearsaftertheappearanceoftarmacroads(柏油路).Aswheeldesigntookoff,vehiclesgotfasterandfaster.
1.Whatmightexplainwhytransportwheelsdidn'tbecomepopularforsometime?
A.Fewknewhowtousetransportwheels.
B.Humanscarriedfarmingtoolsjustaswell.
C.Animalswereagoodmeansoftransport.
D.Theexistenceoftransportwheelswasnotknown.
2.Whatdoweknowaboutroaddesignfromthepassage?
A.Itwaseasierthanwheeldesign.
B.Itimprovedafterbigchangesinvehicledesign.
C.Itwaspromotedbyfastmovingvehicles.
D.Itprovidedconditionsforwheeldesigntodevelop.
3.Howisthelastparagraphmainlydeveloped?
A.Bygivingexamples.
B.Bymakingcomparisons.
C.Byfollowingtimeorder.
D.Bymakingclassifications.
4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Thebeginningofroaddesign.
B.Thedevelopmentoftransportwheels.
C.Thehistoryofpublictransport.
D.Theinventionoffastmovingvehicles.
答案与解析
轮子是什么时候发明的呢?
最早的用途又是什么呢?
这些问题无人能回答.但是我们知道,轮子存在的时间已经超过5500年.
1.C 细节理解题.由第二段第四句“Thiscouldbebecauseanimalsdidaperfectlygoodjobofcarryingfarmingtoolsandhumansaround.”可知,动物在运载农具和人这一方面起了很重要的作用,这是轮子一时没有流行的原因.
2.D 细节理解题.由第三段最后一句“Therehadbeennoimportantchangesinwheelandvehicledesignbeforethearrivalofmodernroaddesign.”可知,在现代的道路设计之前,轮子和车辆的设计是没有重大变化的.故D项“道路设计为轮子设计的发展提供了条件”正确.
3.C 文章结构题.根据第四段中的“mid1700s”“1820s”“1967”可知,整个段落是按时间顺序展开说明的.
4.B 主旨大意题.由文章全文内容尤其是第一段可知,本文主要介绍了轮子的发展,所以B项正确.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2017·永安、连城、华安、漳平、泉港、龙海联考)
HowtoMakeFriends
Friendshipisaveryimportanthumanrelationshipandeveryoneneedsgoodfriends.Goodfriendshiphasmanybenefits.Itofferscompanionship,improvesselfworthandpromotesgoodhealth.Therearetimesinourlivessuchaswhenwehaverecentlymovedintoanewtown,orchangedourjobsorschools.Suchchangesoftenleaveuswithoutafriend.__1__Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.Belowaresomehelpfulsuggestionsonhowtomakeandkeepfriends.
1.Associatewithothers.
Thefirststeptomakefriendsisassociatingwithotherpeople.Youcangotopublicplacestomeetnewpeople.Besides,youwillneedtomakeyourselfknownbybecominganactivememberofsuchplaces.
2.Startaconversation.
Startingaconversationisthesecondmostimportantstepinmakingnewfriends.__2__Youcanalwaysstarttheconversation.Beingabletomakesmalltalksisaveryusefulskillinrelatingwithotherpeople.
3.__3__
Choosingfriendswithcommoninterestsisimportantinbuildingfriendshipastheseinterestswouldalwaysbringyouandyourfriendtogether.Hangingoutwillalwaysbeapleasantexperience.
4.Letitgrow.
Itisagoodthingtostayintouch.However,trynottopressyournewfriendwithcalls,messagesorvisitsasthiswouldlikelywearhimorheroutandfinallyyoumayloseyourfriend.__4__Thebestfriendshipsaretheonesthatgrownaturally.
5.Enjoyyourfriendship.
Thebestwaytoenjoyfriendshipistoallowyourfriendstobethemselves.__5__Trynottochangethemfromwhotheyaretowhatyouwantthemtobe.Becomethekindoffriendyouwillwantyourfriendtobetoyou.
A.Forafriendshiptodevelopyouneedtostayintouch.
B.Dothingstogether.
C.Makingnewfriendscomeseasyforsomepeople.
D.Donotwaittobespokento.
E.Trynottofindfaultwithyourfriends.
F.Becheerful.
G.Soyouwillneedtogiveyourfriendtimetoreacttoyou.
答案与解析
友谊在人际关系中是非常重要的,如何与人成为朋友呢?
本文提出一些建议.
1.C 根据后面的“Butformanyofustheprocessisdifficultandrequirescourage.”可知前面说的是这个过程对一些人来说很容易.所以选C.
2.D 由后面的“Youcanalwaysstarttheconversation.”可知,你可以开始一段对话,所以前面应该是不要等着别人先和你说话.
3.B 根据后面的“astheseinterestswouldalwaysbringyouandyourfriendtogether.”可知选B项.
4.G 前面说不要通过电话、短信或亲自拜访的方式给你的朋友施加压力,因为这可能会使对方疲惫不堪,最后你会失去友谊,因此你要给你的朋友时间,让他来回应你.
5.E 前面一句说要允许你的朋友们做他们自己,也就是不要对朋友太挑剔.故选E.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2017·贵州省凯里市第一中学月考)
Manyyearsago,therewasafamily__1__(name)Franklin.TheylivedinBoston.Therewerefivegirlsandsixboysinthefamily.On__2__Januarydayin1706anotherbabywasborn.Theboy'smotherandherhusbandgavetheboyname—Benjamin.
Benjaminwasthe__3__(clever)ofallthechildren.Hecouldread__4__hewasfiveandhecouldwritewhenhewasseven.Thenextyearhisparentssenthim__5__school.
InschoolBenjaminwasgoodatreadingandwriting,butnotgoodatmaths.Hereadallofhisfather'sbooks.Andwhenhehadmoney,healwayswenttobuybooks.Theytoldhimhowtodosomething.Theboylikedtousehisheadandtriedtofindwaystohelppeopleenjoylifemore.Forexample,hetriedtoknowiftherewassomewaytoswimfarther,maybewithsomethingonhishandsor__6__(foot).__7__(slow),apictureof__8__(swim)shoes,orpaddles,grewinhismind.Thepaddlesmustbeneithertoobig__9__toosmall.Andtheymustbeneitherheavynorlight.Atlasthe__10__(invent)thepaddleforswimming.
答案与解析
本文是一篇说明文.主要介绍了本杰明·富兰克林.
1.named 考查动词.句意:
许多年以前,有一个叫富兰克林的一家人.此处named作family的后置定语.
2.a 考查冠词.句意:
在1706年一月的某一天,他们的另外一个孩子出生了.此处a表示“某一……”.
3.cleverest 考查形容词最高级.句意:
本杰明是所有孩子中最聪明的一个.故用cleverest.
4.when 考查时间状语从句.句意:
五岁时他就能阅读.此处when引导时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”.
5.to 考查动词短语.句意:
第二年父母就把他送到了学校.send...to...“把某人送往某处”.
6.feet 考查名词单复数.前文onhishands中名词为复数,前后对等,所以此处用feet.
7.Slowly 考查副词.句意:
慢慢地,一双游泳鞋的图画在他的手中诞生.此处Slowly作状语.
8.swimming 考查形容词.修饰名词shoes,要用形容词swimming.
9.nor 考查副词.句意:
这双鞋既不大也不小.neither...nor...“既不……也不……”.
10.invented 考查动词时态.句意:
最后他发明了游泳浆.此处指过去,故用一般过去时invented.
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2017·拉萨中学月考)
WhenIfirstlearnedtowriteinEnglish,Irunintomanydifficulties.ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChinesebuttriedtotranslateeverythingintoChinese.Myteacheradvisedmetokeepdiaries.Ifollowedheradvice.Happilyitworked.SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.OnedayIwroteashortstoryandshowedtomyteacher.Shelikeditverymuchthatshereadittotheclass.Everyonesaidthestorywasthegoodone.Iwasgreatencouragedbytheirwords.
答案
Ⅴ.书面表达
(2017·郴州市质量监测)
假定你是李华,高考(CollegeEntranceExamination)后想去美国旅行20天,主要想更多地了解当地文化和习俗.给你的美国朋友Jason写信,请他根据你的时间和旅行目的对你附件中的行程(itinerary)进行一些修改.
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.信的格式已给出,不计入总词数.
DearJason,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
LiHua
答案
Dear_Jason,
Myhighschoolisoveratlast!
IamplanningtotravelaroundAmericafor20daysaftertheCollegeEntranceExamination,hopingtolearnmoreaboutthelocalcultureandcustom.
SinceIhaveneverbeentherebeforeandonlygotsomeinformationfromtheInternet,Iamwritingtoaskyoutodomeafavor.Consideringmytravellingtimeandpurposes,Iwonderifyoucanmakesomechangestomyitineraryintheattachmentsothatmytripcanturnoutmorecolorfulandpractical.Afterall,youknowwhatsuitsmebest.
IamlookingforwardtoyourreplyandseeingyousooninAmerica.
Yours,
Li_Hua_