现在完成时全面讲解与对应练习1.docx
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现在完成时全面讲解与对应练习1
现在完成时
1.现在完成时的构成:
现在完成时由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成。
规则动词的过去分词由“动词原形+-ed”构成,其构成规则可见“一般过去式”的有关内容。
2.现在完成时的“已完成”用法:
表示动作在不久前已经完成,但与现在的情况有联系。
它有以下两个具体用法:
⑴.强调不久前完成的动作对现在产生的影响,常与just,already,yet(用于否定句和疑问句)连用,谓语动词用瞬时性动词。
例如:
Hehasjustgoneout.(=Heisnotherenow.)他刚刚出去。
Ihavealreadyfinishedmylunch.(=Ineednomorefood.)我已经吃过午饭了。
Haveyouheardthenewsyet?
(=Doyouknowwhatthenewsis?
)你听到这个消息了吗?
⑵.强调直到现在为止的生活经历,常与never,ever(用于否定句和疑问句),(only)once,twice,threetimes等连用,可以用howmanytimes提问。
谓语动词用延续性动词。
例如:
Hehasneverbeenlateforschool.他上学从未迟到过。
Haveyoueverclimbedthatmountain?
Yes,severaltimes.那座山你爬过吗?
爬过,爬过好几次呢。
HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentoEngland?
Onlyonce.你去过英国几次?
只去过一次。
3.现在完成时的“未完成”用法:
表示动作或状态从过去某时开始,一直延续至今,可能刚刚结束,也可能继续下去。
常与for短语、since短语或since从句连用,可以用howlong提问。
谓语动词用延续性动词。
例如:
Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?
Ihavelivedhereforabouttenyears.我在这里住了大约10年了。
Wehavebeenverybusysincethenewtermbegan.新学期开始以来,我们很忙。
Ihaven’tseenhimagainsinceNovember.自11月以来我就没有再见过他。
注意:
①.瞬间动词与延续性动词
瞬间动词又称为终止性动词或非延续性动词,它表示的动作不能延续,也就是说动作一旦发生就立即结束,并产生某种结果。
延续性动词表示的动作不但可以延续,而且可以产生持久的影响。
leave→beaway,borrow→keep,buy→have,begin/start→beon,die→bedead,moveto→livein,finish→beover,join→bein/beamemberof,opensth→beopen,close→beclosed,
catch/getacold→haveacold,arrive→behere,fallasleep→beasleep
小试牛刀:
Theoldman_________lastyear.=Heforayear.(die)
Thefilmanhourago.=Thefilmsinceanhourago.(begin)
②.for和since的区别:
since用来说明动作的起始时间,即从某时间点开始,
for用来说明动作的延续时间长度,即多长时间,时间段。
如:
Ihavelivedhereforfiveyears.我住在这儿有五年了。
Ihavelivedheresincefiveyearsago.我五年前就住在这儿。
小试牛刀:
Theshopclosedlastweek.
=Theshop(关闭)since.(上周)
=Theshop(关闭)for.(上周)
③.since的四种用法:
1)since+过去某时间点,主句用现在完成时态。
如:
Hehasbeenheresince1999.他从1999年一直在这儿。
2)since+一段时间+ago,表示“自……时间前开始至今”,主句用现在完成时态。
如:
Hehasbeenheresincefiveyearsago.他从五年前以来就在这儿。
3)since+一般过去时从句。
主句用现在完成时态。
例如:
Manythingshavechangedsinceyouleft.自从你离开以来,许多事情发生了变化。
4)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句。
例如:
Itis/hastwoyearssinceIcamehere.我来这儿2年了。
小试牛刀:
Wehavebeenfriends.(自从2011年)
Wehavebeenfriends.(自从两年前)
Wehavebeenfriends.(自从我们第一次见面)
Ittwoyearssincewe.(makefriends)
_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.
4.havebeento与havegoneto的比较:
havebeento意思是“去过(某地)”,即havetraveledtoandreturnedfrom。
havegoneto意思是“去了(某地)”,即havetraveledto。
请比较:
Theyhavebeentothefarm.他们去过农场。
(已返回)
Theyhavegonetothefarm.他们去农场了。
(未返回)
小试牛刀:
thespacecraftthespace.Itwon’treturn.
Astronautsthespacestation.Theyreturnedlastweek.
5.不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如:
Ihaven'tleftheresince1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。
(错)Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.
(对)Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.
6.现在完成时与一般过去时的比较:
⑴.这两种时态都表示动作发生在过去,但是,现在完成时强调动作与现在的联系,如对现在产生的影响或延续到现在,等等。
而一般过去时则只表示动作发生在过去,与现在没有联系。
请比较:
Hehaslivedthereallhislife.他在那里住了一辈子。
(现在还活着)
Helivedthereallhislife.他一辈子都在那里住的。
(现在已去世)
⑵.现在完成时所表示的动作除了与现在有联系外,还应当是可以再次重复的动作。
而一般过去时则只表示动作已经发生过,并不涉及该动作是否可以再次重复。
例如,“你看过那部电影吗?
”这句话就可能有两种说法:
Haveyouseenthefilm?
(用现在完成时,指那部电影仍在放映,还可以去看。
)
Didyouseethefilm?
(用一般过去时,指那部电影的映期已过,看不到了。
)
(3)与一般过去时连用的时间状语有:
yesterday、lastweek、…ago、justnow、in2010等
与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:
for…、since…、sofar、never、ever、just、already、yet、uptonow、before、once、twice、threetimes……
一、用never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since填空
1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.
2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework.
3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.
4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?
”“No,Ihave________seenit.”
5.“Hasthebusleft_______?
”“Yes,ithas_________left.”
二、用since和for填空
1.______twoyears2._______twoyearsago3._______lastmonth4.______1999
5.______yesterday6._______4o’clock7.4hours8.______anhourago
9.______wewerechildren10.______lunchtime11.______shelefthere
12.HehaslivedinNanjing__________theyearbeforelast.
13.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.
14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese__________threeyears.
15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity__________abouttenyears.
16.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.
三、(A)用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。
A:
Where____________LiFei___________?
B:
He____________toHainanIsland.
A:
Howlong___________he___________there?
B:
He_____________thereforthreedays.
A:
Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?
B:
I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.
A:
CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?
B:
Sorry,I_________never___________there.
A:
Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?
B:
He_____________thereonlyonce.
(B) 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack?
He _____________ his country.
2) John _____________ England since he came back.
3) How long _____________you _____________this village?
4) The Smiths _____________ Beijing for years.
5) _________ you ever _____________America?
---- Yes, I _____________ there many times.
6) I _____________ this school since three years ago.
四、按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词
①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.come/go/movetosw.→beinsw./atschool/athome/behere/bethere
1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.
He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.
2)ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.
I__________________________theUSAsince__________.
3)Iwenthomeyesterday.
I________________________homefor___________________.
4)Theycameherelastweek.
They__________________heresince___________________.
②come/goback,return→bebackcome/goout→beout
1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.
He____________________________for____________________.
2)WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.
We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.
③become→be
1)Ibecameateacherin2000.
I__________________ateacherfor__________________.
2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.
Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.
④close→beclosedopen→beopen
1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.
Theshop__________________________for__________________.
2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.
Thedoor________________________forsixhours.
⑤getup→beupdie→bedeadleavesw.→beawayfromsw.
fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleepfinish/end→beovermarry→bemarried
1)Igotuptwohoursago.
I________________________since________________________.
2)HeleftFuzhoujustnow.
He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.
3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.
Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.
4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.
Themeeting____________________forsixhours.
5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.
I__________________________since___________________________.
6)Theymarriedin1990.
They___________________________since_________.
⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.begin→beon
1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.
I________________atthisschoolsince________.
2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.
Thefilm_________________________for________________.
⑦borrow→keeplose→nothavebuy→haveputon→wear
catch/getacold→haveacoldgettoknow→know
1)Theyborroweditlastweek.
They__________________itsince____________________.
2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.
I__________________apenfor__________________.
3)Igottoknowhimlastyear.
I___________________himsince____________________.
4)Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.
I____________________myglassesfor__________________.
⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin
1)HehasgonetoBeijing.
He________________________Beijingfortwodays.
⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy→bealeague/aPartymember/soldier
→beamemberoftheleague/theParty
→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy
1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.
He_________________a__________________fortwoyears.
He__________________a_____________________theleaguefortwoyears.
He__________________________________theleaguefortwoyears.
2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.
Mybrother____________________asoldierfor______________________.
Mybrother______________________in_______________________fortwoyears.
五、单项选择。
1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappenedtohim.
A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow
2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?
A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still
3、HaveyoumetMrLi______?
A.justB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago
4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.
A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten
5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.
A.haschanged;wellB.changed;good
C.haschanged;betterD.changed;better
6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.
A.was;studyingB.will;study
C.has;studiedD.are;studying
7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.
A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew
8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.
A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see
9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.—Really?
When_____there?
A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone
10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?
—Yes.I_____itamomentago.
A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finished
C.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish
11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.
A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin
12、—Doyouknowhimwell?