英国传统节日.docx

英国传统节日.docx

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英国传统节日

英国传统节日

英0302班：

孙婷6号李阳8号肖睿颖11号胡琳婧13号曹帆12号ChristmasDay圣诞节ChristmasisBritain'smostpopularholiday.Itstraditionsandearlyceremonieswererootedinpaganbeliefsanddatebackhundredsofyears.TheyarestillpartofcontemporaryChristmascelebrations.Everyyearsince1947,theCityofOsloinNorwayhaspresentedtheCityofWestminsterwithalargeChristmastreewhichstandsinLondon'sTrafalgarSquareincommemorationofAnglo-NorwegiancooperationduringtheSecondWorldWar.CarolsareoftensungonChristmasEvebygroupsofsingerstotheirneighbors,andchildrenhangastockingonthefireplaceoratthefootoftheirbedforSantaClausalsocalledFatherChristmastofill.PresentsforthefamilyareplacedbeneaththeChristmastree.ThecustomofsendingChristmascardstofriendsandfamilyoriginatedinBritain,too.OnChristmasEvecarolsareoftensungbygroupsofsingerswalkingfromhousetohouse,andchildrenhangastockingonthefireplaceoratthefootoftheirbedforFatherChristmastofill.ChristmasDayseestheopeningofpresentsandmanyfamiliesattendChristmasservicesatchurch.ThepullingofChristmascrackersoftenaccompaniesfoodonChristmasDay.AnothertraditionalfeatureofChristmasafternoonistheQueen’sChristmasMessagetothenation,broadcastonradio,televisionandtheinternet.ThedayafterChristmasDayisknowninBritainasBoxingDay,whichtakesitsnamefromaformercustomofgivingaChristmasbox-agiftofmoneyorfoodinsideabox-tothedeliverymenandtradespeoplewhocalledregularlyduringtheyear.ThistraditionsurvivesinthecustomoftippingatChristmastimethemilkman,postman,refusecollectorandothercallerswhohavegivengoodservice.Strictlyspeaking,whenChristmasDayfallsonaSaturday,BoxingDayshouldbecelebratedonthefollowingMonday.December26isthencalled'ChristmasSunday'.SothisyearChristmascanbecelebratedforthreedaysinBritain!

Easter复活节复活节是最古老最有意义的基督教节日之一。

它庆祝的是基督的复活，世界各地的基督徒每年都要举行庆祝。

复活节还象征重生和希望。

时间是春分月圆后的第一个星期日。

复活节是基督教纪念耶稣复活的节日。

传说耶稣被钉死在十字架上，死后第三天复活升天。

每年在教堂庆祝的复活节指的是春分月圆后的第一个星期日，如果月圆那天刚好是星期天，复活节则推迟一星期。

因而复活节可能在３月２２日至４月２５日之间的任何一天。

典型的复活节礼物跟春天和再生有关系：

鸡蛋、小鸡、小兔子、鲜花，特别是百合花是这一季节的象征。

复活节前夕，孩子们为朋友和家人给鸡蛋着色打扮一番。

这些蛋有的煮得很老，有的只是空空的蛋壳。

复活节那天早上，孩子们会发现床前的复活节篮子里装满了巧克力彩蛋、复活节小兔子、有绒毛的小鸡及娃娃玩具等。

据说复活节兔子会将彩蛋藏在室内或是草地里让孩子们去寻找。

Easteristhemostimportantfestivalinthechurchyear.ItbeginswithGoodFriday.TheRomanskilledJesusChristinJerusalemabouttwothousandyearsago.ChristiansbelieveintheResurrectionofJesusChristonthethirddayafterhisCrucifixion.

Eastereggsareveryimportant.Theyareasymbolofrebirthinmostcultures.Peopledecoratethemwithdifferentcolorsusingspecialtechniques.Insomeareas"eggrolling"isstillpopulartoday.Peopletaketheeggstothetopofahillandrollthemdown.Thefirsteggtogettothefootofthathillisthewinner.

PeopleliketosendEastercards.Thistraditiongoesbacktothe19thcentury.Thecardsareofteningreenoryelloworshowbabyanimals,becauselotsofanimalsareborninspring.AtraditionalfavoriteonGoodFridayinEngland,HotCrossBunsareaspicycurrantorraisinstuddedyeastbun,toppedwitha"Cross"oflemonflavoredicing.WhileChristianshaveadoptedthecakeandthesymbolismofthecross,itwasn'talwaysso.AnotherimportantroleduringtheEastercelebrationplaystheEasterRabbitorEasterBunny.ChildrenbelievethattheEasterRabbithidestheeggsinthegarden.InBritaintodaychocolateEasterEggs,oftenfilledwithcandies,aregiventorelativesandfriends,andespeciallytochildren.AnothergreatfavoriteareHotCrossBuns,noweatenthroughouttheEasterseason,thesewerefirstbakedinEnglandtobeservedonGoodFriday.Theytendtobesmall,spicybunscontainingraisinsorcurrantsandsometimeschoppedcandiedfruit.Beforebaking,acrossismarkedonthetopofthebun.EasterSundayisamoveablefeast,fallinganywherebetweenMarch22andApril25.ItsdateiscalculatedinasimilarwaytothatoftheJewishfestivalofPassover.EasterMondayisafavoritedayforfunfairswithridesandroundabouts,oneoftheoldesttraditionallybeingheldonLondon'sHampsteadHeath.ComingasitdidafterthelongfastofLent,Easterwastraditionallyaseasonoffeasting.MayDay五朔节MayDaycelebratesthecomingofspring.InmostoftheUnitedKingdom,thisisanofficialpublicholiday.IntheUnitedKingdomBritainandIrelandMayDayiscelebratedonthefirstMondayinMay.Warmthandfertility,greengrass,bloomingtreesandaprofusionofflowers―thecomingofspringsignalsanannualrejuvenationofnature,whichiscelebratedasMayDay.ThefocalpointofcelebrationsistheMaypole,atallrodgenerallyhewnfromasmalltomedium-sizedtreefestoonedwithgarlandsofflowersanddecoratedwithlong,colorfulribbons.PeopletakeuptheendsoftheMaypoleribbonsanddancearoundthepoleuntiltheyhavewoundclosetoit―atwhichpointtheydancearoundintheoppositedirection,windingoutward.Songsandmusicaccompanytheseevents.

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Suchnineteenth-centurytouchesastheexchangingofflowerbasketsremainapartoftheday'scharm.FlowersandfloralthemesareanessentialpartofMayDay,withbouquetsofferedtofriends,relativesandteachersorhungonneighbors'doorknobs;girlswearflowercrowns,andaMayQueenandKingmaybechoseninamockceremony.History

Springritesareatraditionalpartofaseasonalcyclethatincludestheautumnharvestandwintersolstice.TheRomanfestivalFloraliaiscommonlypointedtoastheoriginofMayDay.TheancientCelticMayDaycelebrationwascalled"Beltane,"whichisknownnowadaysasaWiccaholiday.MayDaywasespeciallypopularinEnglandduringmedievaltimes.Eventually,theChristianreligiousholidayEasterreplacedtheancientfestivalsinallbutthemostdedicatedpagansocieties.烟火节1605年，有一名狂人盖?

?

佛克斯想在11月5日炸掉英国议会和国王，准备好了很多炸药，但被发现并人赃并获，他于次年1月被吊死，成为英国最臭名昭著的卖国贼。

为了庆祝这个伟大胜利，就有了11月5日的烟火节。

最初纪念活动只是在当晚点篝火，唱歌做乐一番，后来加入了烟火，几百年传承下来，还有无数挖苦讽刺盖?

?

佛克斯的童谣。

GuyFawkes

400AnniversaryoftheGunpowderPlotIntheearlyseventeenthcentury,agroupoftraitorsincludingRobertCatesby,ThomasWinter,ThomasPercy,JohnWright,GuyorGuidoFawkesandRobertKeyesconspiredtoassassinateKingJamesI.TheirplanwastoblowupParliamentduringitsopeningceremonyon5November1605,killingallthoseinside.FormonthspriortothisdatetheconspiratorshadbeensmugglingexplosivesintoacellarthatrandirectlyunderneaththeHousesofParliament.Ananonymousletter,however,senttoLordMonteagleadvisinghimnottoattendParliamentexposedthegang'sscheme.Atmidnighton4November,athoroughsearchofthecellarrevealedGuyFawkessurroundedbybarrelsofgunpowder.Fawkeswasarrestedandtortureduntilheeventuallyrevealedwhohisco-conspiratorswere.?

TocelebratethefoilingoftheplotandthefactthattheKingandParliamenthadnotbeenblown-up,peopleallacrossLondonlitbonfiresandburntrepresentationsofGuyFawkes.Withinacoupleofyearsthishadturnedintoanannualfestival.TheplotisstillcommemoratedeachyearbythetraditionalsearchingofthevaultsbeforetheopeningofeachsessionofParliamentandon5November,BonfireNight,theskiesaroundtheBritishIslesareariotofcolor.Theairisthickwithsmokefromthethousandsofbonfires,manyofwhicharestilltoppedwitheffigiesofGuyFawkesanditisaneveningoffunandmerriment.圣帕特里克节圣帕特里克节为每年的3月17日，是为了纪念爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。

这一节日于5世纪末期起源于爱尔兰，公元432年，圣帕特里克受教皇派遣前往爱尔兰劝说爱尔兰人皈依基督教。

他从威克洛上岸后，当地愤怒的异教徒企图用石头将他砸死。

但圣帕特里克临危不惧，当即摘下一棵三叶苜蓿，形象地阐明了圣父、圣子、圣灵三位一体的教义。

他雄辩的演说使爱尔兰人深受感动，接受了圣帕特里克主施的隆重洗礼。

公元493年3月17日，圣帕特里克逝世，爱尔兰人为了纪念他，将这一天定为圣帕特里克节。

St.Patrick'sDayABOUTSAINTPATRICK

Saint基督教中的'圣人'Patrickisbelievedtohavebeenborninthelatefourthcentury,andisoftenconfusedwithPalladius,abishopwhowassentbyPopeCelestinein431tobethefirstbishoptotheIrishbelieversinChrist.SaintPatrickwasthepatronsaintandnationalapostle使徒指耶稣十二使徒,传道者,最初的传道者ofIrelandwhoiscreditedwithbringingchristianitytoIreland.Mostofwhatisknownabouthimcomesfromhistwoworks,theConfessio,aspiritualautobiography自传,

andhisEpistola书信,adenunciation谴责ofBritishmistreatmentofIrishchristians.SaintPatrickdescribedhimselfasa"mosthumble-mindedman,

pouringforthacontinuouspaean颂歌ofthankstohisMakerforhavingchosenhimastheinstrumentwherebymultitudes不信教的人/异教徒whohadworshippedidolsanduncleanthingshadbecomethepeopleofGod."SaintPatrickismostknownfordrivingthesnakesfromIreland.ItistruetherearenosnakesinIreland,butthereprobablyneverhavebeen-theislandwasseparatedfromtherestofthecontinentattheendoftheIceAge.Asinmanyoldpagan异教徒religions,serpent恶毒的symbolswerecommonandoftenworshipped.DrivingthesnakesfromIrelandwasprobablysymbolicofputtinganendtothatpaganpractice.WhilenotthefirsttobringchristianitytoIreland,itisPatrickwhoissaidtohaveencounteredtheDruids德鲁伊教atTaraandabolishedtheirpaganrites.Thestoryholdsthatheconvertedthewarriorchiefsandprinces,baptizing洗礼themandthousandsoftheirsubjectsinthe"HolyWells"thatstillbearthisname.

TheCatholicfeastdayforthismostlovedofIrishsaintshasbecomeaholidayincelebrationoftheIrishandIrishculture.Theleprechaun,aCelticfairy,hasbecomeentrenchedasachiefsymbolforthisholiday,asistheshamrock,anancientsymbolforthetriplegoddessBrigit.Itisfittingthatthisholidayshouldfallatthetimeoftheyearwhenthereturnofspringbeginstoseemathand.Andrew,FeastofSt.圣安德鲁节HeldeachNovember30,afeast