高考英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解科普环保题20套带答案
高考英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Asharkmovingaroundthecoastlineisnormallyaworryingsight,butthiswaterbornedrone(无人机)threatensfloatingrubbishinsteadofpeople.
DevelopedbyDutchcompanyRanMarine,theWasteSharktakesnatureasitsinspirationwithitswhaleshark-likemouth.Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.
AccordingtoRanMarine,theWasteSharkisavailableinbothautonomousandremote-controlledmodels.Measuringjustoverfivefeetbythree-and-a-halffeet(1.5metersby1.1meter),itcancarryupto352poundsofrubbish(159.6kg)andhasanoperationalbatterylifeof16hours.
By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.
"WasteSharkalsohastheabilitiestogatherairandwaterqualitydata,removechemicalsoutofthewatersuchasoil,andheavymetals,andscantheseabedtoreaditsdepthandoutlines,"saidOliverCunningham,oneoftheco-foundersofRanMarine."Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."
"Ourdronesaredesignedtomovethroughawatersystem,whetherit'saroundtheperimeter(周边)orthroughthecityitself.Thedronesarethatlastlineofdefensebetweenthecityandtheopenocean,"addedCunningham."WasteSharksareoperatinginDubai,SouthAfricaandtheNetherlandsandcost$17,000fortheremote-controlledmodelandjustunder$23,000fortheautonomousmodel."
Dubai-basedoperatorEcocoasthastwoWasteSharkdrones.Co-founderDanaLipartssaystheywillcleanwaterfrontsforclientsincludinghotelsandenvironmentalauthoritiesandthatEcocoast'intentionistohavethecollectedrubbishrecycledorupcycled.However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.
(1)WhatdoweknowabouttheWasteShark?
A. Itcanfrightensharksaway.
B. Itisanoceanexplorer.
C. Itisarubbishcollector.
D. Itcancatchfishinsteadofpeople.
(2)WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellus?
A. Thecausesofoceanpollution.
B. Thedangersofusingplastics.
C. Theseverityofoceangarbagepollution.
D. Theimportanceofoceanprotection.
(3)WhatwilltheWasteSharkdowithanapproachingobject?
A. Avoidcrashingintoit. B. Breakitintopieces. C. Swallowit. D. Flyoverit.
(4)WhichofthefollowingideasdoesLipartsagreewith?
A. TheWasteSharkshouldbeusedmorewidely.
B. Moremeasuresshouldbetakentomakewaterclean.
C. TheproductioncostofWasteSharksshouldbereduced.
D. Peopleshouldtakeapositiveattitudetonewtechnology.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Responsibleforcollectingwaste,thedronewillbeginoperationsinDubaiMarinainNovemberafterayearoftrialswithlocalpartnerEcocoast.”可知,这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的,故选C。
(2)考查段落大意。
根据第四段中的“By2016therewereapproximately150milliontonsofplasticintheworld'soceans.OnepaperfromDecember2014estimatedthatoveraquarterofamilliontonsofoceanplasticpollutionwasafloat.”可知,预计到2016年,海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾,估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上,故可知,本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性,故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第五段中的"Fittedwithacollision-avoidancesystem,thedroneuseslaserimagingdetectionandrangingtechnologytodetectanobjectinitspathandstoporbackupiftheobjectapproaches."可知,配备防碰撞系统,无人机使用激光来探测物体,用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体,如果探测到物体,无人机就会停下来或者后退,故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“However,Lipartsarguesthatcleaningwaterwaysdoesn'thaveaone-size-fits-allsolutionandrequiresacombinationofnewtechnology,preventativemeasuresandchangingpeople'sattitudestowardslittering.”可知,这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策,需要多措并举,才能达到目的,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科教类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
Astudyfoundwirelesssignalsareabletopassthroughbagsandsuitcasestojudgethesizesofdangerousmetalobjectsandidentifythem."Theseitemscouldincludeweapons,chemicals,laptopsandbatteriesforbombs,"theresearchteamsaidonTuesday.
ResearchsuggestedthatWi-Ficannowbeusedtoestimatethevolumeofliquidssuchaswater,acid,alcoholandotherchemicalsforexplosivematerial.ThestudyledbyresearchersattheWirelessInformationNetworkLaboratory(WINLAB)intheSchool.ofEngineeringshowedawirelessdevicewithtwotothreeantennas(天线)thatcouldbefittedinexistingWi-Finetworks.
Thedetectionsyste