英语基础作文.docx
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英语基础作文
英语作文笔记
一、考试形式
1.小作文（应用文写作）
书信写作、告示写作
100字左右，用时20分钟。
2.图画作文（英语一）、图表作文（英语二）
实际要求160-200字；但是考场作文最好220字左右，时间所用时约35-40分钟。
3处修改扣1分，不许使用涂改液，胶带等。
作文一般分3段。
有话可说，避免跑题。
二、模板
1.Thefortitudeinthefaceoftheadversityandperseveranceonyourdreamsarethegoldenrulestothesuccess.
2.NelsonMandela,agiantandagreathero,tellswithhislifestorythat…
3.NelsonMandela,agiantandagreathero,tellswithhislifestorythatthefortitudeinthefaceoftheadversityandperseveranceonyourdreamsarethegoldenrulestothesuccess.
三、语言
（一）谚语和名人名言
Itpaystobehonest.
背诵5个老外的名字。
（二）修辞手法
比喻:
…as…adj…as+n
（三）句式复杂多变
复杂:
1.可以在名词前或动词前加形容词或副词；
2.可以在名词后加同位语；
3.可以加介词短语作状语；
4.可以加非限定性定语从句修饰句子；
5.可以用现在分词短语、过去分词短语、独立主格结构将多个句子写成一个句子;
一般在考研作文中，一般使用现在完成时和一般现在时。
（1）Thetopicofsmogorhazehasconstantlycapturedwidemediaattention.
（2）Thetopicofhazeorsmogoccupiesthenewspaperheadlines.
（3）Thetopicofsmogorhazesparksheateddiscussionontheweb.
（4）Thetopicofsmogorhazewreakshorroramongpeople.
合：
Thesedays,thetopicofsmogorhazehasconstantlycapturedwidemediaattention，occupyingthenewspaperheadlines,sparkingheateddiscussiononthewebandwreakinghorroramongpeople.
多变：
1.长短结合；
2.倒装句；
（1）部分倒装
定义：
Be,助动词，情态动词被置于名词前；
Only,否定状语被置于句首会引起部分倒装。
（2）完全倒装
定义：
主系表—>表系主
Herecomesabus.
Inthesunshinestandsayoungtree.
系动词：
come,go,lie,stand,run,walk,fly,float,crouch
Ontheplaygroundwalksateenager.
3.虚拟语气；
用于表达观点
（1）Itishightimethat…动词（过去时）…
●Thecurrentstateofaffairsissosorry.
●Itishightimethatwetooksomeinitiativestosolvetheproblem.
合：
Withthecurrentstateofaffairsbeingsosorry,itishightimethatwetooksomeinitiativestosolvetheproblem.
（2）Itis必须that…（should）+动词原形…
Itisimperativethatcorrespondinglawsandregulationsbeintroducedandenforcedtocurbandharnesstheurgentsituation/problem.
（3）虚拟条件句省略IF，引起had/were提前
Iftherewerenoreformandopening-uppolicy,wewoundnevertasteKFCorMcDonald’s.
省略句：
Weretherenoreformandopening-uppolicy,wewoundnevertasteKFCorMcDonald’s.
Weretherenosomething,somebodywouldneverdosomething.
Weretherenoculturalcommunication,wewouldnevertastethewonderofwesterncultures.
Werethesituationtocontinueasitis,ourfuturegenerationswouldnotbothertothinkofexcusesforus.
4.并列-省略句；
5.一些短语；Otherthan;infavorof
Iamthebestteacher.
Noone,otherthanI,isthebesttheteacher.
TheproblemofenvironmentisthemostseriousinChina.
InnocountryotherthanChina,ithasbeensaidthat（accordingtoasurvey）,istheproblemofenvironmentmoreserious.
划线处可替换。
（四）用词多样性
1.积累一些替换词；
2.学会使用上下义词增加语言多样性；
Themobilephone…
Thephone…
Theinvention…
Thistinymachine…
Themagicdevice…
MyHTC…
3.用andthelike表达陌生词汇；
4.用拼音+同位语（上下义词）表达陌生词汇；
Inthemiddleofthepicturestandsa“huoguo”,atraditionalChinesecookingtool.
5.可用代词：
one/counterpart
四、考研写作分段讲解
第一段:
描述图画；
第二段：
阐述寓意；
第三段：
给出评论/例子；
（一）第一段的写法
1.第一句：
图画描述句；
Asisshownabove,
Step1:
用完全倒装描述中心对象所在的位置。
位置（介词短语）+系动词+中心对象
Notes1:
可以多个位置并列；
Notes2:
可以在系动词前加副词；
Notes3:
可以在中心词前加形容词；
Notes4:
中心对象；
年轻人：
theyoungster;theteenager;theindividual（人、物）
Notes5:
万能位置；
Inthemiddleofthepicture,
Inthesunshine,
Inthedarkness,
Asisshownabove,inthesunshinehappilystandsalovelygirl.
Step2:
用现在分词短语/过去分词短语/定语从句进一步描述中心对象的动作与状态；
Note:
可以多个动作并列；
Step3:
可以用独立主格结构对周围事物或中心对象的某一部分进行描述；
对于配图文字的处理：
A:
可以不描述；
B:
如果要描述，可以：
a:
用言语的形式，独立成句
JustasanoldChinese/Englishproverbsays,（可以改变谚语）
b:
withalinegoinglikethis:
withthecaptionreadingthat:
Asisshownabove,onthethickpileofpapers,proudlystandsanoldprofessor,seemingsatisfiedwithhissuccessinacademicresearch,neglectingthedemandofstudents.
Asisshownabove,intheriverdangerouslyfloatsapaperboat,symbolizingthemoraltraining,containingsomebreadandfruit,whichissymbolicoffoodsafety.
Asisshownabove,inthemiddleofthepictureandonthecomputerscreenstandsaso-calledfamousandinfluentialstar,hawkingamedicine,boastingitsmagicfunctionandexaggeratingthatitcancurealldiseases,withacaptionreadingthat:
celebrityendorsement.
Asisshownabove,inthemiddleofthepicturewalksaman,failingtodetectwaterforseveraltimesduetolackofadequateeffortstodigadeepenoughwell.
Asisshownabove,inthemiddleofthepicturestandsacollegestudent,carryingadesk,holdingapen,whichsymbolizesthatheisoccupyingaseatinthereadingroomforhimself.
2.第二句：
图画影响句；
Therehasbeenaheateddiscussioninthenewspaperaboutthispicturerecently.
Thetopicillustratedinthepicturewillmakegoodcopy（成为好的新闻素材）inthenewspaper.
IfpostedontheWeibo,theinfluentialsocialmediainourcountry,thispicturewillarousemuchconcernandsetinmotionadiscussion.
Reportedly,thegreatconcernamongthepublichasbeenarousedbythispicture.
ThispicturehasstimulatedaheateddiscussionontheWechat,themostinfluentialsocialnetwork,thesedays.
3.第三句：
图画意义句；
Simpleasthepictureis,thesymbolicmeaningbehinditisasdeepasocean.
P53
Thispicturecarriesaprofoundmessagethatdemandsourdevotedattentionandinstantaction.
（二）第二段的写法（展开）
<1>展开段落的方法:
1.科学论据法
根据一项调查表明...
Accordingtoasurvey
Accordingtooneofthelatestsurveysconductedbyacertaininternationalorganization,…
Accordingtothelatestsurvey,moneyspentonthepetsinthecityofBeijingisasmuchas1.73billiondollars,whichcanfeedalltheJapaneseintheworldforawholeyear.
Moneyspentonsomethingisasmuchas…
Moneyspentonsomethinghasreachedasmuchas…
Moneyearned/collected/raisedisasmuchas…
2.举例法（考场下准备好例子）
举例句型+万能例子
●…,forexample,…
●Oursocietyhasbeenfilledwithavarietyofexamplesconcerning+（主题），withthefollowingonebeingtheforemost.（=themostconvincing）
●Amongallthetouchingfactsrelatingto+（主题）thatIhaveheard,noticedandexperienced,themostimpressiveoneis+人名
●Somebody（+人物信息）tellswithhislifestorythat（观点）,
●Somebody/something（+人物信息）servesasashiningandfittingexample，
Havingbeenbrutallyimprisonedfor27yearsforhisunwaveringbeliefinhumanequality,NelsonMandela,agiantandagreathero,oneofthemostinspiringexamplesofstrongwill,whofinallytransformshismothernationintoanopensociety,tellswithhislifestorythatthefortitudeinthefaceofadversityandtheperseveranceonyourdream,however,wheneverandwhereverarethegoldenrulestothesuccess.
Google,thestarinternetcompanyattainingastringofprominentfeatswithsomeunrivalledproducts,servesasashiningandfittingexample.Itistheadventurespiritthathelpsthisfirmcreateenormousvaluetobothitsshareholdersandthegeneralpublic.Putittheotherwayaround,itisimpossiblethataGooglewithoutthecreativespiritcaneverachievethesephenomenaldeeds.
3.虚拟语气法
●Weretherenosomething,somebodywouldnotdosomething.（正例）
●Werethistrendtocontinueasitis,wewouldpayhighprice/ourfuturegenerationswouldnotbothertothinkofexcusesforus.（反例）
2001年第二段的写作:
关于“爱心是一盏灯”的例子
Oursocietyhasbeenfilledwithavarietyofexamplesconcerninglove,withtheHopeProjectbeingtheforemost.InthewestofChinaexistsomefamilies,beingsopoorthathardlycantheysupporttheirchildren’seducation.Patheticastheyare,peoplefromallwalksoflifeprovidethemwithnotonlyfinancialaids,materialsupporthutalsomentalcomfort,whichiswellknownastheHopeProject.Moneyraisedbytheproject,accordingtothelatestsurvey,hasreachedasmuchas16.8billion,which…Weretherenosuchprecioushelp,thosechildrenwouldnevertastetheknowledgeorreceiveeducationandbevulnerabletocontrolandexploitationduetolackofabilitytounderstandothers’ideasandtodefendtheirownopinions.
<2>论点+论据
A.论点的写法（结论的写法）
主+系+表
1.Education
Thestakesinvolvingeducationhaveneverbeenhigherinanyeraofournationthannow.
Neverinanyeraofournation,accordingtoasurvey（观点主体）,havethestakesinvolvingeducationbeenhigherthannow.划线处可替换。
观点主体：
Anyperceptiveobserverwouldnothesitatetobeoftheideathat…
nothinkingmanwouldrefusetoaccepttheideathat,
2.Honesty
Honestyisthesteelthatforgesthesupportingstructureofthesociety,andthesocietycannotgrowsteady,ifthisinvaluableassetiseverneglectedinanypossiblemanner.
3.Success
Ayoungsterwhoaspirestoembracethegloriousfuturemustcommitthetimeandenergywithoutanyhesitation.
AspiretoinspireuntilIexpire.（生命不息,奋斗不止）
Hemustbeapersonwhoispositiveandbraveenoughtomakeshorttermsacrificeforlongtermsuccess.
Thefuturehasarrived.Itcommencesnow.（未来她已经到来,她始于足下）
（三）第三段的写法（评论）
<1>正面话题
第一句:
取其精华
Itisimperativethattheessencebeabsorbedanddrawbacksbeneglectedduringthisprocess,especiallyinthetimesofglobalization.
第二句:
提升意识
Thegeneralpublicaresupposedtoenhanceandpromotetheirawarenessthat+主题观点
第三句:
多角度考虑
Inviewoftheimportanceandcomplexityofsuchaphenomenon,wemusttreatitsocially,economicallyandculturally.
第四句:
展望未来
Onlyinareasonable,prosperousandhealthyatmospherecanwehopetowitnesstheidealsceneinwhichpeoplecanenjoytheirlifetotheuttermost.
<2>负面话题
第一句:
情况危急
Withthecurrentstateofaffairsbeingsosorry,itishightimethatwetookeffectiveinitiativestoputthesituationonhold.
第二句:
建议
●制定法律
Itisimperativethatcorrespondinglawsandregulationsbeintroducedandenforcedtocurbandharnesstheurgentsituation/problem.
●专家意见
Researcher,scholarsandexpertsintherelatingareasareexp
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