高三英语一轮复习定语从句学案.docx
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高三英语一轮复习定语从句学案
高考定语从句复习学案
一)概念:
在复合句中,修饰某一_________或_________的从句,叫定语从句
1._______词:
定语从句所修饰的词
2.引导词:
(1)关系______词:
who,whom,whose,which,that,as
(2)关系______词:
where,when,why
3.关系词常有3个感化:
①引导定语从句②代替先行词。
③在定语从句中肩负负责一个________。
4.关系代词作主语、宾语、表语或定语(whose),作_______时可省略;关系副词作状语,一般不省略
二)定语从句的种类
定语从句可分为两类:
________定语从句和__________定语从句
限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分隔隔离分散,修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词;非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开,可以修饰主句中的某一个词,也可修饰整个句子。
非限制性定语从句不能用______引导,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。
把下列句子翻译成中文:
Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim._____________________________
Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.________________________________________
三)定语从句的热门考点
1.定语从句关系词的选用(详见表格);2.只能that或which的情况;
3.which和as的区别;4.whose用法及转换形式;
5.介词+关系代词中介词的选用及位置(介词短语和动词短语);
6.定语从句中的特殊情况。
四)关系代词和关系副词的感化
正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。
关系词的选择完全取决于关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分。
关系词一共有9个,它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表。
关系词
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
说明
that
人/物
人/物
√
×
√
不能用于非限制性从句
which
物
物
√
√
×
which作宾语很少见
who
人
√
√
×
×
who可代替whom作宾语
whom
×
人
×
×
×
whose
×
×
×
人/物
×
when
×
×
×
×
√
where
×
×
×
×
√
why
×
×
×
×
√
as
主要用于非限制性的定语从句和such…as…,thesame...as...,so...as...结构中
考点一:
如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词
(提示:
引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定)
用关系词填空
1)Those_______breaktherulesshouldbepunished.
2)(1992全国,27)Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersonto_______shecouldturnforhelp.
3)Gonearethedays_________weusedforeignoil.
4)Thereason________hewasabsentwasthathewasill.
5)Thisisthereason_________hegaveforhisabsence.
6)(03北京春季)Wearelivinginanage_________manythingsaredoneoncomputer.
7)(2021安徽)30.Manychildren,_________parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretaken
goodcareofinthevillage.
8)NextSunday,________Iwillspendgofishing,I’msure,willbeanotherexcitingday.
9)(05上海)Ifashophaschairs______womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.
10)(2006福建)22.Lookout!
Don’tgettooclosetothehouse_______roofisunderrepair.
练习:
1.Isthisthemuseum________weheldtheexhibition?
A.where B.thatC.onwhichD.theone
2.Isthismuseum_________youvisitedafewdaysago?
A.whereB.that C.onwhichD.theone
3.(2021天津)8.—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?
—Youshouldtrythebarber’s_______Igo.It’sonly15.
A.asB.whichC.whereD.that
4.(2021湖南)28.I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool______ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.
A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which
5.(2006山东)26.We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint______bothsideswillsitdowntogether
andtalk.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which
6.(2006江西)33.—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?
—Yes,there'sonepoint_______wemustinsiston.A.whyB.whereC.howD./
7.You’vetoldmesuchanattractiveplace________Iammorethanwillingtogo.
A.asB.whereC.thatD.inwhich
8.(2021重庆卷)29.Salesdirectorisaposition__communicationabilityisjustasimportantassales
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where
考点二:
关系代词which和that的区别
在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which:
1)先行词被①形容词最高级;②序数词;③theonly,thevery,theright修饰时。
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen./ThisistheverypersonthatI’mwaitingfor.
2)先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,something,everything,nothing,anything,none,theone时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时
Allthatglittersisnotgold.中文意思:
___________________________________
I’msurethere’snothingthatawomancan’tdo./Allthatcanbedone_______beendone.
3)先行词中既有人又有物时。
Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
4)当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时,用that
Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.=…thecountry_____itusedtobe.
5)当主句中含有疑问词which或who时,为避免反复,常用that代替who或which。
Whothathascommonsensewilldosuchathing?
/Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?
6)主句以therebe开头时
ThereislittlethatIcandotomakeupforthelosttime.
7)有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系词已用which,另一个宜用that
Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.
在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,只能用which而不能用that的情况:
1)在介词提前的定语从句中,关系代词只能用which。
ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunusedtolive.
2)which可引导非限制性定语从句,that则不能。
Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.
9.Hisbrotherdid______hecouldtohelphim.
A.allwhichB.allwhatC.allD.which
10.(04北春)Luckily,we’dbroughtamapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway.
A.itB.thatC.thisD.which
11.Finallythemanageradoptedthebestproposal_______hadbeenputforwardatthemeeting.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.as
12.(05’湖北卷)Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,_______shewantedtobe.(表语)
A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which
13.(2021全国
Ⅱ)17.Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,______wasverykindofhim.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
14.(2021江苏)32ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina,____heremembersstartedasearlyashischildhood.
A.whereB.whichC.whatD.when
15.(2021上海卷)38.Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanarea____interactwithoneanother.[
A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what
考点三:
as与which引导的定语从句
共同点:
二者都可以引导非限制定语从句,指代从句中的一部分或整个句子的内容。
鄙人列情况下一般只能用as:
(1)as放在句首,而which不能。
(which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句的后边;as引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句前,又可在主句之后,有时还可插入主句中)
TaiwanispartofChina,asisknowntousall.=Asweallknow,TaiwanispartofChina.
=Taiwan,asweallknow,ispartofChina.
16.(2021山东)24.WheneverImether,_______wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that
17.(1999上海)____ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolsisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It
18.(NMET94)Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it
19.(2021辽宁)23.They’vewontheirlastthreematches,_______Ifindabitsurprisingactually.
A.thatB.whenC.whatD.which
20.(04北京)_______isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
(2)as本身有“正如…;就像…”之意,而which没有;
as常用于某些固定结构:
asisknowntoall,aswehadexpected,asanybodycansee,asoftenhappens,ashasbeensaidbefore,asismentionedabove
(3)当先行词被thesame,such修饰时,定语从句需用as引导,as还用于so…as结构
区别:
thesame…as(指同类的东西)thesame…that(指同一个东西)
Thisisthesamewatch______Ilost.这和我丢失的那一只表一样。
(不是同一只)
Thisisthesamewatch_______Ilost.这就是我丢失的那一只表。
(同一只)
Translatethefollowingtwosentences.
1)众所周知,地球是圆的。
(3种)_______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2)他戴着与你昨天买的同样的手表。
_______________________________________________
21.(2008福建卷)27._____isknowntousallisthatthe2008OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which
22.Don’ttrustsuchpeople_____praiseyoutoyourfacebutspeakillofyoubehindyourback.
A.whoB.thatC.whoeverD.as
考点四:
whose用法及转换形式
whose引导的定语从句,其后紧跟名词。
其先行词不仅可指人,还可指物。
whose引导的从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型,如:
即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+n.
Helivesintheroom________windowfacessouth.
=Helivesintheroom,thewindow_____________facessouth.
=Helivesintheroom,_______________thewindowfacessouth.
23.(2021天津)5.Aperson_____e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever
24.(2000上海)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_____wasveryreasonable.
A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose
25.(2021山东)24.That’sthenewmachine______partsaretoosmalltobeseen.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.What
26.(2005年天津卷)13.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from____effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.
A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what
考点五:
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词一般只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)即:
介词+which/whom
1)当介词放在关系代词的前面时,关系代词只能用which或whom,关系代词不能省略。
如:
27.Hebuiltatelescope______hecouldstudytheskies.
A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit
28.(04全国)TheEnglishplay______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
29.(2005江苏32)Theplace_______thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_______thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.
A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich
30.(2008四川卷)4.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,_______NewYorkisanexample.
A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich
注意:
含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面,不能提前。
如:
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。
如:
ThisisthebookI’mlookingfor.
2)非限制性定语从句中,要暗示先行词的一部分时,可用“数词/代词+ofwhich/whom”的结构,如:
Hehaswrittenmanybooks,mostofwhichareforchildren.
31.(2006浙江)13.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_______Ireallyenjoyed.
A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which
32.(2007四川卷)7.Itisreportedthattwoschools,________arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.
A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhich
33.(2007安徽卷)14.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_______wantedtobuyit.
A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom
考点六:
使用定语从句时应注意的问题
1)定语从句的主谓一致的问题(定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致)
I,who______(be)yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyou.
Tomisoneoftheboyswho_______(be)late.
Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_____(be)late.
TheGreatWallisoneofthewondersthat________(draw)