主谓一致和倒装句.docx
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主谓一致和倒装句
主谓一致和倒装句
主谓一致
一．就近原则：
在notonly…butalso,not…but,neither…nor,either…or,therebe…句型中，谓语动词由相邻的主语来确定。
例：
1.NotonlytheybutalsoIamgoingtocollectmoneyfortheHopeProject.
2.EitheryouorJackisabouttotaketheplaceofthemanager.
二．集合名词做主语，指成员时，谓语用复数；指团体，组织时，谓语用单数：
如：
class,team,group,family,audience（听众）,government,company,crowd,public,enemy,committee（委员会）等。
例：
1.Theclassarebusyworkingontheexercisesatthemoment.
2.Theteamwasanexcellentoneinthe25thOlympicGames.
三．当两个名词用with,togetherwith,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,but,except,besides,alongwith,including,like等连接起来做主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例：
1.Jackie,withhisparents,intendstosetoutforEuropeonbusinessnextweek.
2.Theson,ratherthanhisparents,isresponsibleforthefireaccident.
（对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母）
四．当each,neither,either以及由every,any,no,some与one,body,thing构成的不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例：
1.Eachofthegirlsisfondofpopmusicinherclass.
2.Someoneisexpectingyouattheschoolgate.
但none做主语时谓语用单复数都行。
例：
Noneofthemare/isinterestedinlocalmusic.
另外：
当every,each,no做定语时，即使用and连接两个主语，谓语也用单数。
例：
1.Eachstudentispreparingforthefinalexaminationnow.
2.Everyboyandeverygirlisproudoftheresultoftheexperiment.
3.Noteacherandnostudentisadmittedtoentertheplace.
4.TheyeachhaveanEnglishdictionary.（此句中each做同位语，谓语由主语they确定）
五.当主语表示时间，重量，距离，价格时，谓语动词用单数。
例：
1.Fivehundreddollarsisquiteenoughforthereturnvoyage（返航）。
2.Sevenkilometerswascoveredintwohours.
但算式做主语时，谓语用单数，复数都可以。
例：
1.Fourtimesfiveis/aretwenty.（Fourtimesfivemake/makestwenty.）
六．当主语是一个从句，不定式或动名词时，谓语一般用单数。
但由and连接两个不定式或动名词时，动词则用复数，表示不同的两件事。
例：
1.whetherhesucceedsorfailsdoesn'tconcernme.（他成功或失败与我无关）
2.SwimmingintheYangtzeRiverneedsgreatcourage.
3.Tosaysomethingisonething,todoitisanother.
4.Toplaybasketballandtogoswimmingareofgreatuseforcharacter-training.
另外：
当what,all（that）或such引导的句子做主语时，谓语用单数或复数应看后面的表语来确定.
例：
1.WhathewantsissomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish,whilewhathelooksforwardtoaresomeEnglishdictionaries.
2.Allthattheyaskforarevegetables,fruits,quiltsandclothes.
3.SucharethethingsIoftendoinaday.
4.SuchismybestfriendMary.
七.当一个复数名词用做书名，人名，学科名或报刊名时，谓语用单数。
例：
1.Guiliver'sTravelsisanovelwrittenbyJonathanSwift.（格列佛游记）
2.TheTimesisaveryhelpfulnewspaperforourstudies.（泰晤士报）
八.定语从句的关系代词在从句中充当主语时，从句的谓语应与先行词保持一致。
例：
1.Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexamination.
2.Theytoldussomethingaboutthehouseswhichwerebuiltinthe1540's/1540s.
九.在强调句中，强调主语时，后面的动词还是由被强调的主语来确定。
例：
1.Iaminthesearchformymissinggoldring.
其强调句为：
ItisIwhoaminthesearchformymissinggoldring.
十.几种较为特殊的主语与谓语的一致。
A.当and与both…and…连接两个主语时，一般用复数的谓语。
但如果由and并列的两个主语是指同一人时，此时后面一个主语没有冠词，其谓语用单数，表示一个人具有双重身份。
若后一个名词前有冠词，则表示两个人，谓语则用复数。
例：
1.Theteacherandwriterisgivingtheboysaverywonderfullecture.
2.Theteacherandthesingeraretalkinginthehall.
B."the+形容词/分词"做主语表一类人时，谓语一般用复数；但therest要看它代表的东西来确定。
例：
1.Thewoundedarebeingdonefirstaidbesidetheroadnow.
2..Shehastakensomeofthevegetables.Therestarestillonthetable.
3.Hehaseatenupsomeofthecheese.Theresthasgonebad.
4.TherestofthestorywaswonderfullymovingandIwasmovedtotears
C．many修饰主语时，谓语用复数。
但"manya…,morethanone+单数名词"（意为"不只一个"），虽说具有复数意义，但谓语仍用单数。
例：
1.Manystudentshavemadethatmistakebefore.
2.Manyastudenthasmadethatmistakebefore.
3.Morethanonestudenthasmadethatmistakebefore.
D.当trousers,shoes,glasses,clothes,socks,gloves等由两个部分构成的物品做主语时，谓语一般用复数。
但若与apairof,akindof等连用时，谓语用单数。
例：
1.Histrousersaretornintopiecesinthebikeaccident.
2.Thispairoftrousersbelongstomysister.Minearebeingwashed.
**由morethanone修饰单数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数
**thenumberof＋复数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。
anumber
of＋复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。
**More＋复数名词＋thanone＋和morethanone＋单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。
又如：
Morestudentsthanonewerepunished.
＝Morethanonestudentwaspunished
**all,most,half,rest等词作主语时，所指的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数形式。
如：
Allofusareeagertoleavenow.
Halfofthewaterhasbeendrunk.
**the+形容词表示一类人，如theblind,thedeaf,theliving（生者），thedead,therich,thepoor,theyoung,theold等，谓语动词用复数
主谓一致专练
1．----_______eitherheorIproudofthejob?
-----Neitherhenoryou__________.
A.Am,areB.Is,areC.Are,areD.Am,is
2.Aknifeandfork______lyingonthefloor.A.wasseenB.wereseenC.seeD.sees
3.Thefactory,includingitsequipmentsandbuildings,____burntlastnight.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
4.I,who__yourclosefriend,willshareyourjoysandsorrows（悲伤）.A.wasB.areC.isD.am
5.Over70percentofthepopulationinthisprovince_______farmers.A.isB.areC.hasD.have
6.Someperson___askingforyouattheentrancetothecinema.A.willbeB.isbeingC.isD.are
7.Therestofthenovel_______verywonderfulandinstructive.A.wereB.areC.isD.seem
8.Everymeans______tried,butthereisnoabsoluteresultyet.
A.havebeenB.hasbeenC.willbeD.were
9.WhatIwant______aninterestingbookwhilewhatheexpects_____twocupsofcoffee.
A.is,areB.are,isC.is,isD.are,are
10.Ateacher,togetherwithfourstudents,______senttohelpwiththisresearchthenextweek.
A.wasB.hasC.wereD.are
11.Helostoneofthebookswhich______borrowedfromthelibraryyesterday.
A.wereB.wasC.hadD.have
12.Jack,aswellashisrelativesandfriends,________apartyathomenow.
A.arehavingB.ishaveC.isholdingD.areholding
13.The26thOlympicGames______heldsuccessfully.A.isB.willbeC.areD.were
14.Allbuttheonethataskedforleaveyesterday_herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were
15.Oneachsideoftheroad___alotoftalltrees.A.standsB.isstandingC.growD.isgrowing
16.Threehourswithyouroldfriends________tobeashorttime.
A.seemB.seemsC.isseemingD.hasseemed
17.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfirstaidcenter_______yet.
A.hasn'tbeendecidedB.doesn'tdecidedC.haven'tbeendecidedD.aren'tdecided
18.TheUnitedNations_________in1959.
A.werefoundB.werefoundedC.wasfoundD.wasfounded
19.Eachteacherandeachscientist_______invitedtotakepartintheconference.
A.areB.wasC.hasD.were
20.Oneandahalfapples_______leftonthetable.A.areB.isC.hasD.have
十二。
倒装句
种类
倒装条件
例句
完全倒装
here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开头的句子表示强调
Outrushedthechildren.
表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首
Underthetreestoodtwotablesandfourchairs.
强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡
Presentatthemeetingwere1,000students.
部分倒装
never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,notuntil,not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首
HardlydidIknowwhathadhappened.
only和修饰的状语放于句首
OnlythendidherealizedtheimportanceofEnglish.
notonly…butalso连接并列的句子，前倒后不倒
NotonlydoesheknowFrench,butalsoheisexpertatit.
neither…nor…连接并列的句子，前后都倒装
NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.
so…that,such…that中的so或such及修饰的成分放于句首时前倒后不倒
Sobusyishethathecannotgoonaholiday.
as引导的让步状语
Childasheis,hehaslearnedalot.
so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事。
Hecanplaythepiano.Socani.
用于表示祝愿的祈使句中
Mayyoubeingoodhealth!
省略if的虚拟条件
WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoitinthisway.
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.HismotherhadtalkedtohimformanyminuteswhilehewaswatchingTV,but＿＿＿＿.
A.alittledidhehearB.littledidhehearC.littleheardheD.alittleheardhe
2.——Hello,ZhuHua.I’llhavetoreturntoCanadabecauseI’veworkedhereforayear.
——＿＿＿＿＿!
A.Whattim?
fliesB.HowtimefliesC.WhatdoestimeflyD.Howdoestimefly
3.Duringthewar,＿＿＿＿butalsohelosthiswifeandhischild.
A.notwashisjobinthelabtakenawayB.notonlywashisjobinthelabtakenaway
C.notmerelyhisjobinthelabwastakenawayD.notjustwastakenawayhisjobinthelab
4.——Wehavetostoptalkinghereoutside.Listen,＿＿＿＿＿!
——Hurryup,orwe’llbelate.
A.TheregoesthebellB.TheredoesthebellgoC.TherethebellgoesD.Goesthebellthere
5.Ithinkthisisthefirsttimethatwehavemet.＿＿＿anywhere.
A.BeforehaveweneverseeneachotherB.Neverbeforewehaveseeneachother
C.EachotherhaveweseenneverbeforeD.Neverbeforehaveweseeneachother
6.＿＿＿!
Youshouldtakethischancetoattendit.
A.HowimportantconferenceisitB.Howanimportantconferenceitis
C.WhatanimportantconferenceisitD.Whatanimportantconferenceitis
7.Shedidn’tcometothepartylastSunday.＿＿＿,shemusthavemadethepartymoreexciting.
A.IfshecameB.WouldshecomeC.HadshecomeD.Didshecome
8.Theyfinallymanagedtoclimbtothetop,but＿＿then.
A.wentthechildrendownthehillB.downthehilldidthechildrengo
C.downthehillwentthechildrenD.downthehillthechildrenwent
9.Ireceivedhismother’stelephonecallateleven.＿＿thathewasbadlyhurtinanaccidentyesterday.
A.ThendidIknowB.OnlythenIknewC.OnlythendidIknowD.OnlythenknewI
10.——Whatsportdoyoulikebest?
——Springboarddiving（跳板跳水）.＿＿＿＿todiveintowaterfromhighboard!
A.WhatafunisitB.HowfunitisC.HowafunisitD.Whatfunitis
11.——Theoldmanwouldn’tstayathomeforarestevenifitrained.
——＿＿＿＿.Hewouldfeelsickifhestayedhomeforoneday.
A.SowouldmygrandpaB.Sowouldn’tmygrandpa
C.NeitherwouldmygrandpaD.Norwouldn’tmygrandpa
12.＿＿＿forustosurf（冲浪）ontheseainsummer!
A.WhatexcitingisitB.HowexcitingisitC.WhatexcitingitisD.Howexcitingitis
13.Bynomeans＿＿＿toourplan
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