如何写英文创业计划书.docx

如何写英文创业计划书.docx

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如何写英文创业计划书

BusinessPlanforaStartupBusiness

Thebusinessplanconsistsofanarrativeandseveralfinancialworksheets.Thenarrativetemplateisthebodyofthebusinessplan.Itcontainsmorethan150questionsdividedintoseveralsections.Workthroughthesectionsinanyorderthatyoulike,exceptfor

theExecutiveSummary,whichshouldbedonelast.Skipanyquestionsthatdonotapply

toyourtypeofbusiness.Whenyouarefinishedwritingyourfirstdraft,you’llhaveacollectionofsmallessaysonthevarioustopicsofthebusinessplan.Thenyou’llwanttoeditthemintoasmooth‐flowingnarrative.

Therealvalueofcreatingabusinessplanisnotinhavingthefinishedproductinhand;rather,thevalueliesintheprocessofresearchingandthinkingaboutyourbusinessinasystematicway.Theactofplanninghelpsyoutothinkthingsthroughthoroughly,

studyandresearchifyouarenotsureofthefacts,andlookatyourideascritically.Ittakestimenow,butavoidscostly,perhapsdisastrous,mistakeslater.

Thisbusinessplanisagenericmodelsuitableforalltypesofbusinesses.However,youshouldmodifyittosuityourparticularcircumstances.Beforeyoubegin,reviewthesectiontitledRefiningthePlan,foundattheend.Itsuggestsemphasizingcertainareasdependinguponyourtypeofbusiness（manufacturing,retail,service,etc.）.Italsohastipsforfine‐tuningyourplantomakeaneffectivepresentationtoinvestorsorbankers.Ifthisiswhyyou’recreatingyourplan,payparticularattentiontoyourwritingstyle.Youwillbejudgedbythequalityandappearanceofyourworkaswellasbyyourideas.

Ittypicallytakesseveralweekstocompleteagoodplan.Mostofthattimeisspentinresearchandre‐thinkingyourideasandassumptions.Butthen,that’sthevalueoftheprocess.Somaketimetodothejobproperly.Thosewhodoneverregrettheeffort.Andfinally,besuretokeepdetailednotesonyoursourcesofinformationandontheassumptionsunderlyingyourfinancialdata.

Ifyouneedassistancewithyourbusinessplan,contacttheSCOREofficeinyourareatosetupabusinesscounselingappointmentwithaSCOREvolunteerorsendyourplan

forreviewtoaSCOREcounseloratwww.score.org.Call1‐800‐634‐0245togetthecontactinformationfortheSCOREofficeclosesttoyou.

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BusinessPlan

OWNERS

YourBusinessName

AddressLine1

AddressLine2

City,STZIPCode

Telephone

Fax

E‐Mail

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I.TableofContents

I.TableofContents...................................................................................................3

II.ExecutiveSummary...............................................................................................4

III.GeneralCompanyDescription............................................................................5

IV.ProductsandServices............................................................................................6

V.MarketingPlan.......................................................................................................7

VI.OperationalPlan..................................................................................................16

VII.ManagementandOrganization.........................................................................21

VIII.PersonalFinancialStatement.............................................................................22

IX.StartupExpensesandCapitalization................................................................23

X.FinancialPlan.......................................................................................................24

XI.Appendices...........................................................................................................27

XII.RefiningthePlan..................................................................................................28

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II.ExecutiveSummary

Writethissectionlast.

Wesuggestthatyoumakeittwopagesorfewer.

Includeeverythingthatyouwouldcoverinafive‐minuteinterview.

Explainthefundamentalsoftheproposedbusiness:

Whatwillyourproductbe?

Whowillyourcustomersbe?

Whoaretheowners?

Whatdoyouthinkthefutureholdsforyourbusinessandyourindustry?

Makeitenthusiastic,professional,complete,andconcise.

Ifapplyingforaloan,stateclearlyhowmuchyouwant,preciselyhowyouaregoingtouseit,andhowthemoneywillmakeyourbusinessmoreprofitable,therebyensuringrepayment.

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III.GeneralCompanyDescription

Whatbusinesswillyoubein?

Whatwillyoudo?

MissionStatement:

Manycompanieshaveabriefmissionstatement,usuallyin30wordsorfewer,explainingtheirreasonforbeingandtheirguidingprinciples.Ifyouwanttodraftamissionstatement,thisisagoodplacetoputitintheplan,followedby:

CompanyGoalsandObjectives:

Goalsaredestinations—whereyouwantyourbusinesstobe.Objectivesareprogressmarkersalongthewaytogoalachievement.Forexample,agoalmightbetohaveahealthy,successfulcompanythatisaleaderincustomer

serviceandthathasaloyalcustomerfollowing.Objectivesmightbeannualsalestargetsandsomespecificmeasuresofcustomersatisfaction.

BusinessPhilosophy:

Whatisimportanttoyouinbusiness?

Towhomwillyoumarketyourproducts?

（Stateitbrieflyhere—youwilldoamorethoroughexplanationintheMarketingPlansection）.

Describeyourindustry.Isitagrowthindustry?

Whatchangesdoyouforeseeintheindustry,shorttermandlongterm?

Howwillyourcompanybepoisedtotakeadvantageofthem?

Describeyourmostimportantcompanystrengthsandcorecompetencies.Whatfactorswillmakethecompanysucceed?

Whatdoyouthinkyourmajorcompetitivestrengthswillbe?

Whatbackgroundexperience,skills,andstrengthsdoyoupersonallybringtothisnewventure?

Legalformofownership:

Soleproprietor,Partnership,Corporation,Limitedliabilitycorporation（LLC）?

Whyhaveyouselectedthisform?

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IV.ProductsandServices

Describeindepthyourproductsorservices（technicalspecifications,drawings,photos,salesbrochures,andotherbulkyitemsbelonginAppendices）.

Whatfactorswillgiveyoucompetitiveadvantagesordisadvantages?

Examplesincludelevelofqualityoruniqueorproprietaryfeatures.

Whatarethepricing,fee,orleasingstructuresofyourproductsorservices?

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Marketresearch-Why?

V.MarketingPlan

Nomatterhowgoodyourproductandyourservice,theventurecannotsucceed

withouteffectivemarketing.Andthisbeginswithcareful,systematicresearch.Itisverydangeroustoassumethatyoualreadyknowaboutyourintendedmarket.Youneedtodomarketresearchtomakesureyou’reontrack.Usethebusinessplanningprocessasyouropportunitytouncoverdataandtoquestionyourmarketingefforts.Yourtime

willbewellspent.

Marketresearch-How?

Therearetwokindsofmarketresearch:

primaryandsecondary.

Secondaryresearchmeansusingpublishedinformationsuchasindustryprofiles,tradejournals,newspapers,magazines,censusdata,anddemographicprofiles.Thistypeofinformationisavailableinpubliclibraries,industryassociations,chambersofcommerce,fromvendorswhoselltoyourindustry,andfromgovernmentagencies.

Startwithyourlocallibrary.Mostlibrariansarepleasedtoguideyouthroughtheirbusinessdatacollection.Youwillbeamazedatwhatisthere.Therearemoreonlinesourcesthanyoucouldpossiblyuse.Yourchamberofcommercehasgoodinformationonthelocalarea.Tradeassociationsandtradepublicationsoftenhaveexcellentindustry‐specificdata.

Primaryresearchmeansgatheringyourowndata.Forexample,youcoulddoyourowntrafficcountataproposedlocation,usetheyellowpagestoidentifycompetitors,and

dosurveysorfocus‐groupinterviewstolearnaboutconsumerpreferences.Professionalmarketresearchcanbeverycostly,buttherearemanybooksthatshowsmallbusinessownershowtodoeffectiveresearchthemselves.

Inyourmarketingplan,beasspecificaspossible;givestatistics,numbers,andsources.Themarketingplanwillbethebasis,lateron,oftheall‐importantsalesprojection.

Economics

Factsaboutyourindustry:

•Whatisthetotalsizeofyourmarket?

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•Whatpercentshareofthemarketwillyouhave?

（Thisisimportantonlyifyouthinkyouwillbeamajorfactorinthemarket.）

•Currentdemandintargetmarket.

•Trendsintargetmarket—growthtrends,trendsinconsumerpreferences,andtrendsinproductdevelopment.

•Growthpotentialandopportunityforabusinessofyoursize.

•Whatbarrierstoentrydoyoufaceinenteringthismarketwithyournewcompany?

Sometypicalbarriersare:

oHighcapitalcosts

oHighproductioncosts

oHighmarketingcosts

oConsumeracceptanceandbrandrecognition

oTrainingandskills

oUniquetechnologyandpatents

oUnions

oShippingcosts

oTariffbarriersandquotas

•Andofcourse,howwillyouovercomethebarriers?

•Howcouldthefollowingaffectyourcompany?

oChangeintechnology

oChangeingovernmentregulations

oChangeintheeconomy

oChangeinyourindustry

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Product

IntheProductsandServicessection,youdescribedyourproductsandservicesasyouseethem.Nowdescribethemfromyourcustomers’pointofview.

FeaturesandBenefits

Listallofyourmajorproductsorservices.Foreachproductorservice:

•Describethemostimportantfeatures.Whatisspecialaboutit?

•Describethebenefits.Thatis,whatwilltheproductdoforthecustomer?

Notethedifferencebetweenfeaturesandbenefits,andthinkaboutthem.Forexample,ahousethatgivesshelterandlastsalongtimeism